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Hingga tahun 1740, telah ada lebih dari 2.500 rumah yang dimiliki orang Tionghoa di dalam tembok kota [[Batavia, Hindia Belanda|Batavia]], dengan 15,000 individu lainnya tinggal di luar batas kota.{{sfn|Setiono|2008|p=109}} Pemerintah kolonial Belanda mewajibkan mereka untuk membawa surat-surat registrasi, dan mereka yang tidak mematuhinya akan dideportasi ke Tiongkok. Setelah wabah [[malaria]] menewaskan ribuan orang pada tahun 1730-an, termasuk [[Daftar Gubernur Jenderal Hindia Belanda|Gubernur Jenderal Hindia Belanda]], [[Dirk van Cloon]], kebijakan deportasi diperketat.{{sfn|Setiono|2008|pp=111–113}} Menurut sejarawan Indonesia [[Benny G. Setiono]], wabah tersebut disusul oleh meningkatnya kecurigaan dan kebencian di kalangan pribumi Indonesia dan Belanda terhadap etnis Tionghoa, yang jumlahnya terus bertambah dan kekayaannya semakin terlihat.{{sfn|Setiono|2008|pp=111–113}} Akibatnya, Komisaris Urusan Pribumi Roy Ferdinand, di bawah perintah Gubernur Jenderal [[Adriaan Valckenier]], mendekritkan pada tanggal 25 Juli 1740 bahwa orang-orang Tionghoa yang dianggap mencurigakan akan dideportasi ke [[Ceylon Belanda|Ceylon]] (Sri Lanka modern) untuk memanen kayu manis.{{sfn|Setiono|2008|pp=111–113}} Orang-orang Tionghoa yang kaya diperas oleh pejabat Belanda yang korup yang mengancam mereka dengan deportasi.{{sfn|Setiono|2008|pp=111–113}} Terdapat juga rumor-rumor bahwa orang-orang yang dideportasi tidak dibawa ke tujuan mereka, tetapi dilemparkan ke laut setelah tidak terlihat dari Jawa, dan dalam beberapa laporan, mereka tewas ketika saat melakukan kerusuhan di atas kapal.<ref name=raffles/>
AsSaat thesituasi situationmenjadi becamesemakin tensertegang, GovernorGubernur GeneralJenderal [[Adriaan Valckenier]] heldmengadakan anrapat emergencypleno plenarydarurat sessiondan andmemperkuat reinforcedpenjagaan. the guard.Pada Ontanggal 7 OctoberOktober 1740, asekelompok groupyang ofberisi hundredsratusan ofTionghoa-Indonesia Chinesemenyerang Indonesianssebuah attackedbenteng apertahanan DutchBelanda stronghold indi [[Tanah Abang]], killingmenewaskan 50 orang. In response, a troop of 1,800 Company soldiers led by [[Gustaaf Willem van Imhoff]], together with militia ({{lang-nl|schutterij}}) and conscripts ({{lang-nl|pennist}}), came to crush the revolt.{{sfn|Setiono|2008|p=113}} The following day the Dutch repelled an attack by up to 10,000 ethnic Chinese, led by groups from nearby [[Tangerang]] and [[Bekasi]], at the city's outer walls.{{sfn|Setiono|2008|p=114}} 1,789 Chinese were reported to have died in this attack.<ref name=raffles>{{cite book | last1 = Raffles | first1 = Thomas Stamford | author-link1 = Stamford Raffles | title = The History of Java | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=gJEC2q7DzpQC | volume = 2 | year = 1830 | orig-year = 1817 | publisher = Black | location = London | oclc = 312809187}}</ref> Meanwhile, rumours spread among the other ethnic groups in Batavia, including slaves from [[Bali]] and [[Sulawesi]], [[Bugis]], and [[Balinese people|Balinese]] troops, that the Chinese were plotting to kill, rape, or enslave them.{{sfn|Setiono|2008|pp=114–116}} These groups pre-emptively burned houses belonging to ethnic Chinese along Besar River. The Dutch followed this with an assault on Chinese settlements elsewhere in Batavia in which they burned houses and killed people.{{sfn|Setiono|2008|p=114}} For two weeks, the troops burned Chinese-owned houses and stores, killing ethnic Chinese and dumping their bodies in the [[Ciliwung River]].{{sfn|Setiono|2008|pp=117–118}} Eventually an estimated 10,000 were killed in the [[1740 Batavia massacre]], including 500 prisoners and hospital patients.{{sfn|Setiono|2008|p=119}} The surviving Chinese Indonesians in Batavia were moved to an area outside of the wall, in what is now [[Glodok]].{{sfn|Setiono|2008|p=121}} This was later applied to other cities, where [[Chinatown]]s ({{lang-id|Pecinan}}) were built to segregate the Chinese and other ethnic groups.{{sfn|Tan|2008|p=14}} The event triggered a [[Java War (1741—1743)|two-year war]], in which Chinese and Javanese soldiers fought side by side.{{sfn|Setiono|2008|p=119}}
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