Wilayah Kalapani: Perbedaan antara revisi

Sungai Kali menjadi batas antara India dan Nepal di wilayah ini. Namun India menyatakan bahwa hulu sungai tidak termasuk dalam batas tersebut. Di sini perbatasannya membentang di sepanjang daerah aliran sungai.<ref name=Alok>{{harvp|Gupta, The Context of New-Nepal|2009}}</ref> Ini adalah posisi yang berasal dari [[Kepresidenan dan provinsi di India Britania|India Britania Raya]] c. 1865.<ref name="District Almora map">{{harvp|Manandhar & Koirala, Nepal-India Boundary Issue|2001|pp=3–4}}: "The map 'District Almora' published by the Survey of India [during 1865–1869] for the first time shifted the boundary further east beyond even the Lipu Khola (Map-5). The new boundary moving away from Lipu Khola follows the southern divide of Pankhagadh Khola and then moves north along the ridge."</ref><ref name="Almora British territory">{{harvp|Atkinson, Himalayan Gazetteer, Vol. 3, Part 2|1981|pp=381–382}} and {{harvp|Walton, Almora District Gazetteer|1911|p=253}}: "The drainage area of the Kalapani lies ''wholly within British territory'', but a short way below the springs the Kali forms the boundary with Nepal." (Emphasis added)</ref> Nepal memiliki jalur lain, Jalur Tinkar (atau "Tinkar Lipu"), dekat dengan wilayah tersebut. Setelah India menutup Jalur Lipulekh setelah [[Perang Tiongkok-India]] tahun 1962, sebagian besar perdagangan Bhotiya biasanya melewati Jalur Tinkar.<ref name="Shrader Lipu Tinkar">{{harvp|Schrader, Trading Patterns in the Nepal Himalayas|1988|p=99}}: "Lipu La, however, was closed in 1962, due to the strained Sino-Indian relations. Today remaining trade moves via Tinkar La."</ref> Protes warga Nepal mengenai wilayah Kalapani dimulai pada tahun 1997, setelah India dan Tiongkok setuju untuk membuka kembali jalur Lipulekh.<ref name=Rose>{{citation |first=Leo E. |last=Rose |title=Nepal and Bhutan in 1998: Two Himalayan Kingdoms |journal=Asian Survey |volume=39 |pages=155–162 |number=1 |date=January–February 1999 |jstor=2645605|doi=10.2307/2645605 }}</ref><ref name=Mahaseth>Harsh Mahaseth, [https://papers.ssrn.com/Sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2930922 Nepal: The Different Interpretations of Crime], National Academy of Legal Studies and Research University, 10 March 2017, via Social Science Research Network.</ref> Sejak saat itu, peta Nepal menunjukkan wilayah hingga sungai Kalapani, berukuran 35 kilometer persegi,<ref name=Alok/><ref name="Survey of Nepal 1996">[http://pahar.in/pahar/Maps--Primary/Nepal/Nepal%20Topo%20Maps/3080%2016%20Tinkar.jpg Tinkar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524070550/http://pahar.in/pahar/Maps--Primary/Nepal/Nepal%20Topo%20Maps/3080%2016%20Tinkar.jpg |date=24 May 2020 }}, Survey of Nepal, 1996.</ref> sebagai bagian dari Distrik Darchula di Nepal.

Pada tanggal 20 Mei 2020, Nepal merilis peta baru wilayahnya yang memperluas klaimnya seluas 335 kilometer persegi hingga sungai Kuthi Yankti, termasuk Kalapani, Lipulekh, dan Limpiyadhura.<ref name="KTMPost">{{cite web |url=https://kathmandupost.com/editorial/2020/05/21/dialogue-of-the-deaf|title=Dialogue of the deaf|date=21 May 2020 |publisher=kathmandupost.com|access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/nepal-new-map-includes-lipulekh-kalapani-amid-border-dispute-1680041-2020-05-20 |title=Nepal launches new map including Lipulekh, Kalapani amid border dispute with India |date=20 May 2020 |publisher=indiatoday.in |access-date=21 May 2020}}</ref> Laporan tersebut tidak menjelaskan mengapa klaim baru muncul.<ref>Sugam Pokharel, [https://edition.cnn.com/2020/05/21/asia/nepal-india-map-territories-intl/index.html Nepal issues a new map claiming contested territories with India as its own], CNN, 21 May 2020.</ref> Menurut ''[[The Kathmandu Post]]'', penduduk Kalapani, Lipulekh dan Limpiyadhura, yang diklaim India selama beberapa dekade, tidak dihitung setelah sensus Nepal tahun 1961.<ref>{{cite news |title=Central Bureau of Statistics estimates 750 people living in the Kalapani area |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2022/01/26/central-bureau-of-statistics-estimates-750-people-living-in-the-kalapani-area |access-date=31 January 2022 |work=kathmandupost.com |date=26 January 2022 |language=English}}</ref> Laporan terbaru pada sensus Nepal tahun 2021 tidak memasukkan data desa Kuti, Gunji dan Nabi di wilayah Kalapani,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/no-kalapani-villages-in-final-nepal-census/articleshow/99019539.cms|title=No Kalapani villages in final Nepal census}}</ref> yang dimasukkan dalam laporan sensus awal yang dirilis pada Januari 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/nepal-census-in-lipulekh-kalapani-limpiyadhura/articleshow/89187550.cms|title=Nepal 'census' in Lipulekh, Kalapani, Limpiyadhura}}</ref>