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'''Seleukia''' ({{lang-en|Seleucia Pieria}}; {{lang-el|Σελεύκεια ἐν Πιερίᾳ}}; kemudian dinamakan '''Suedia''') adalah sebuah kota kuno, ibukotaibu kota kerajaan [[Seleukos I Nikator]], di [[Siria]] Prima. Kota ini dibangun sedikit di utara muara sungai [[Orontes]], di antara sungai-sungai kecil pada lereng barat gunung Coryphaeus, salah satu puncak-puncak selatan pegunungan [[Amanus]]. Orang [[Makedonia]]-Yunani menyebut tanah itu Pieria, menurut sebuah distrik di kampung halaman mereka yang juga terletak di antara laut dan pegunungan ([[Olympus]]).<ref name="livius">{{cite news|url=http://www.livius.org/se-sg/seleucia/seleucia_pieria.html|title=Seleucia in Pieria|accessdate=2013-05-01}}</ref>
 
Berfungsi sebagai pelabuhan laut komersial dan angkatan laut dari ibukotaibu kota barat [[Kekaisaran Seleukia]], '''[[Antiokhia]] ad Orontes''', sekarang kota modern [[Antakya]]. Menurut [[Pausanias]] dan [[John Malalas|Malalas]], nampaknyatampaknya di sini sebelumnya berdiri sebuah kota yang bernama Palaeopolis ("Kota Tua"; "Old City"). Sekarang, kota tua itu terletak di desa tepi laut Çevlik<ref name = "AMW">[http://www.livius.org/se-sg/seleucia/seleucia_pieria.html Seleucia in Pieria, Ancient Warfare Magazine]</ref>
dekat kota [[Samandağ]] di [[Hatay Province]] negara [[Turki]]. Seleukia, Apamea, [[Laodikea]] (Latakia), dan [[Antiokhia]] membentuk "tetrapolis Siria".
 
[[FileBerkas:Roman Sarcophagus, Seleucia Pieria.jpg|thumbjmpl|Sebuah "sarkofagus" (peti mayat) Romawi kuno di pegunungan atas kota ini]]
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== Sejarah ==
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===Islamic period===
Seleucia was captured by the [[Sasanids]] around 540 CE. While it never recovered as a port-city again, [[Al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik]], [[Ummayad]] Caliph from 705-715, built a fortress in the city.<ref>Page 115 of [http://ar.wikisource.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AC%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%865.pdf Volume 5] of [http://ar.wikisource.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AC%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86:%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B9 ''Mu'jam al-Buldan''], quoting another book [http://ar.wikisource.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86.pdf ''Futuh al-Buldan''], page 155</ref>
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== Seleukia Pieria dan Kekristenan ==
Kota ini memeluk [[Kekristenan]] sejak awal. Sebagai pelabuhan kota Antiokhia di Siria, "Seleukia di tepi laut"— demikian sebutannya untuk membedakan dari kota-kota lain dengan nama yang sama — paling dikenali sebagai tempat pemberangkatan [[Paulus dari Tarsus|Rasul Paulus]] dan [[Barnabas]] [pada tahun 45 M] ketika memulai perjalanan misionaris pertama mereka, sebagaimana dicatat dalam bagian [[Perjanjian Baru]] di [[Alkitab]] [[Kristen]], terutama dalam kitab [[Kisah Para Rasul]][[Kisah Para Rasul 13|13:4]]. Di akhir perjalanan itu mereka tentunya mendarat kembali di Seleukia sebelum pulang ke Antiokhia.<ref>{{Alkitab|Kisah Para Rasul 14:26}}</ref> Jalur perjalanan misionaris kedua adalah melalui darat, sehingga tidak berangkat dari Seleukia (lihat {{Alkitab|Kisah Para Rasul 15:40-41}}), meskipun kembalinya harus melewati Seleukia lagi (lihat {{Alkitab|Kisah Para Rasul 18:22}}). Perjalanan ketiga sekali lagi melalui jalan darat, sehingga tidak melalui Seleukia (lihat {{Alkitab|Kisah Para Rasul 19:1}}), dan di akhir perjalanan itu Paulus tidak kembali ke Antiokhia, sehingga tidak pernah melihat Seleukia lagi (lihat {{Alkitab|Kisah Para Rasul 21:7-8}}). Kemungkinan Paulus juga melintasi kota ini dalam sejumlah kunjungan ke Antiokhia sebelum memulai perjalanan misi besarnya (lihat {{Alkitab|Kisah Para Rasul 11:26; 12:25}}).
 
TheUskup oldesttertua [[bishop]]yang knowndikenal isadalah Zenobius, presentturut athadir thedalam [[FirstKonsili CouncilNicaea ofyang NicaeaPertama|Council ofKonsili Nicaea]] inpada tahun 325 CEM. OtherUskup-uskup knownlain bishops includetermasuk [[Eusebius ofdari SeleuciaSeleukia|Eusebius]], anseorang penganut [[Arianism|ArianArianisme]], anddan [[Bizus]] inpada theabad fourth centuryke-4, withbersama duabelas twelvelainnya othersyang citeddicatat byoleh [[Le Quien]] (''Oriens Christianus'', II, 777-780). InPada theabad sixthke-6 century CE theM ''[[Notitiae Episcopatuum|Notitia Episcopatuum]]'' of AntiochAntiokhia, givesmemberi SeleuciaSeleukia Pieria as anstatus ''autocephalous archbishopric'', sebagai ''suffragan'' ofdari AntiochAntiokhia (''Echos d'Orient'', X 144); the[[dioses]] dioceseini existedtetap untilada thesampai tenthabad centuryke-10 CEM, anddan itsbatas-batasnya boundariesjuga arediketahui knownjelas (''Echos d'Orient'', X, 97).<!-- ForUntuk sometituleri RomanKatolik CatholicRoma titularies seelihat [[Eubel]], ''Hierarchia catholica medii aevi'', I, 468.-->▼
==Seleucia Pieria and Christianity==
[[FileBerkas:Titus Tunnel, Seleucia Pieria.jpg|thumbjmpl|leftkiri|ASebagian sectiondari of theTerowongan [[Titus]] Tunnel.]]▼
The city was [[Christianized]] early. As the port of Antioch of Syria, "Seleucia on sea"—so called to distinguish it from other cities of the same name—is most notable as the precise point of embarkation from which the [[Apostle Paul]] [in 45 CE] and [[Saint Barnabas]] sailed from this port on their first missionary journeys, as chronicled in the Bible ([[Acts of the Apostles|Acts]] 13:4). At the end of that same journey he must have made landfall at Seleucia before going to Antioch (see Acts 14:26). His route at the beginning of the second journey was by land and probably bypassed Seleucia (see Acts 15:40-41), though on returning, he must have passed through it again (see Acts 18:22). Once more taking a land route when setting out on his third journey, Paul may have missed Seleucia (see Acts 19:1), and at that journey's end he did not return to Antioch and so missed Seleucia again (see Acts 21:7-8). This means that Paul passed through Seleucia at least three times, and probably several more on pre-missionary visits to Antioch of Syria (see Acts 11:26; 12:25).
Seleucia Pieria adalah sebuah [[dioses]] [[Gereja Ortodoks Suriah]] pada abad ke-8 dan ke-9 M, tiga uskupnya dikenali. Uskup Ortodoks Suriah yang diketahui, Ahron (847/874 M), disebut dalam daftar yang dibuat oleh Mikhael orang Siria.
 
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▲The oldest [[bishop]] known is Zenobius, present at the [[First Council of Nicaea|Council of Nicaea]] in 325 CE. Other known bishops include [[Eusebius of Seleucia|Eusebius]], an [[Arianism|Arian]], and [[Bizus]] in the fourth century, with twelve others cited by [[Le Quien]] (''Oriens Christianus'', II, 777-780). In the sixth century CE the ''[[Notitiae Episcopatuum|Notitia Episcopatuum]]'' of Antioch, gives Seleucia Pieria as an autocephalous archbishopric, suffragan of Antioch (''Echos d'Orient'', X 144); the diocese existed until the tenth century CE, and its boundaries are known (''Echos d'Orient'', X, 97). For some Roman Catholic titularies see [[Eubel]], ''Hierarchia catholica medii aevi'', I, 468.
The city is still a [[titulartituler see]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]], ''Seleuciensis Pierius''; the seat is vacant following the death of the last bishop in 1980.▼
▲[[File:Titus Tunnel, Seleucia Pieria.jpg|thumb|left|A section of the [[Titus]] Tunnel]]
Seleucia Pieria was a diocese of the [[Syriac Orthodox Church]] in the eighth and ninth centuries CE, three of whose bishops are known. The last-known Syriac Orthodox bishop of Seleucia, Ahron (847/874 CE), is mentioned in the lists of [[Michael the Syrian]].
 
▲The city is still a [[titular see]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]], ''Seleuciensis Pierius''; the seat is vacant following the death of the last bishop in 1980.
[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/d2s74.html]
 
==Main Sites==
The upper city, about 13&nbsp;km in circumference, is still distinguishable. The lower city, smaller than the preceding one, was more thickly populated. Ruins include a [[necropolis]], [[amphitheatre]], [[citadel]], temples, some irrigation works as well as some fortifications.<!-- previous from Catholic Encyc -->
 
The highlight of the city is a 1350-1400m long tunnel/canal complex built during [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] times. It is believed that it was dug to divert the nearby river and prevent the harbour from silting up with time. A further reason is assumed to be to help reduce flooding caused during heavy winter rains. Construction began during the reign of Emperor [[Vespasian]] (69-79 CE) continuing mainly during his son [[Titus]]'s time (79-81 CE).
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According toMenurut [[Flavius [[JosephusYosefus]], aseorang Romansejarawan Yahudi-Jewish historianRomawi (37–ca.100 CE37–100), budak-budak Yahudi [[Jewish]] slaves were used as workers. Thesedipekerjakan wereuntuk workingmembangun underterowongan ordersatas ofperintah EmperorKaisar [[Titus]], akasehingga disebut "Terowongan [[Titus]]". Tunnel,Titus whoini hadyang capturedmerebut [[JerusalemYerusalem]] inpada tahun 70 CEM. OtherSejumlah POWsorang wereYahudi sentyang toditawan itulah yang dijadikan budak dan dibawa ke Seleukia. Tawanan lain dikirim ke [[RomeRoma]], wheredi theymana hadmereka todipekerjakan builduntuk themembangun [[Colosseum]]. AccordingMenurut to an inscriptioninskripsinya, the tunnel/canal wasterowongan notatau completelykanal finisheditu untilbelum theselesai reignsampai ofpemerintahan [[Antoninus Pius]] (138-161 CEM). ThePekerja-pekerja lastterakhir workersadalah werelegionaris [[Roman legionaries]]Romawi.<ref name="livius" />
 
Sejumlah besar bagian terowongan ini masih utuh dan dapat ditelusuri dengan berjalan kaki. Makam-makam dalam batu juga ditemukan pada dinding-dinding kanal.
 
Most parts of the tunnel/canal are intact and it can be visited on foot. Rock tombs are found on the wall of the canal.
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== Tokoh penting ==
Penduduk kota ini yang terkenal antara lain: Apollophanes, seorang tabib pribadi raja [[AntiochosAntiokhos III yang Agung]] (abad ke-3 SM), dan [[Firmus]] yang menghasut [[Palmyra]] dan [[EgyptMesir]] melawan Romawi pada tahun 272 M.
 
== Referensi ==
Baris 52 ⟶ 54:
 
== Sumber pustaka ==
* [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13689a.htm Seleucia Pieria]
* {{Eastons}}
* {{Catholic}}
* {{1911}}
{{Former settlements in Turkey}}
{{Perjalanan Misi Paulus}}
{{First Journey of Paul of Tarsus}}
 
{{Coord|36.124|35.922|type:city_region:TR|display=title}}
 
[[CategoryKategori:Populated places established in the 1st millennium BC]]
[[CategoryKategori:Archaeological sites in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey]]
[[CategoryKategori:Cities in Turkey]]
[[CategoryKategori:Crusades]]
[[CategoryKategori:Seleucid colonies in Anatolia]]
[[CategoryKategori:History of Syria]]
[[CategoryKategori:Tempat di Alkitab]]
[[CategoryKategori:Kisah Para Rasul]]
[[CategoryKategori:Pieria (Syria)]]
[[CategoryKategori:Ancient Greek cities]]
[[CategoryKategori:Former populated places in Turkey]]
[[CategoryKategori:Ancient Pieria]]
[[CategoryKategori:Geography of Hatay Province]]
[[CategoryKategori:History of Hatay Province]]
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Seleukia"