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Revisi per 8 September 2019 18.01 sunting Farras (bicara \| kontrib) Peninjau 51.365 suntingan baru		Revisi terkini sejak 8 Desember 2019 13.56 sunting balikkan AABot (bicara \| kontrib) Bot, Pengecualian blokir IP 913.649 suntingan k Bot: Perubahan kosmetika Tag: PAWS [1.2]
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Baris 1: [[~~File~~Berkas:Organ and Chimes - Caverns of Luray Va 1906 postcard.png\|~~thumb~~jmpl\|Kartu pos tahun 1906 ini menunjukkan cara memainkan litofon zaman dulu di Luray Caverns, Virginia, Amerika Serikat]] [[~~File~~Berkas:Lithophon.jpg\|~~thumb~~jmpl\|Pahatan litofon di [[Wiesbaden-Dotzheim#Schloss Freudenberg\|Schloss Freudenberg]]]] '''Litofon''' adalah [[alat musik]] berupa batu atau kumpulan batu yang menghasilkan nada apabila dipukul.<ref>{{Cite book\|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/223164947\|title=Musical instruments of the world\|last=Diagram Group.\|first=\|date=1976\|publisher=Published for Unicef by Facts On File\|year=\|isbn=0871963205\|location=\|pages=121\|oclc=223164947}}</ref> Nadanya bisa diciptakan secara berbarengan (harmoni) atau berlanjutan (melodi). Litofon merupakan [[idiofon]] yang satu kelompok dengan [[glockenspiel]], [[vibrafon]], [[xilofon]], dan [[marimba]]. Dalam sistem klasifikasi [[Hornbostel-Sachs]], litofon masuk kategori '111.22' (~~lempeng~~plakat perkusi ~~yang dipukul secara langsung~~pukullangsung). == Contoh == * Bentuk litofon paling sederhana adalah "[[gong batu]]", formasi batu alamiah yang disesuaikan agar menghasilkan nada musik, misalnya gong batu di [[Pulau Mfangano]], [[Danau Victoria]], [[Kenya]]. [[Great Stalacpipe Organ]] di [[Luray Caverns]], [[Virginia]], Amerika Serikat, menggunakan 37 stalaktit untuk menghasilkan [[Tangga nada\|tangga nada Barat]]. Litofon stalaktit juga ada di [[Tenkasi]], India Selatan, dan [[Ringing Rocks\|Ringing Rocks Park]], [[Pennsylvania]]. * Alat [[musik Basque]] bernama [[Txalaparta]] (atau Chalaparta), umumnya terbuat dari kayu, tetapi bisa juga dibuat dari batu. * Ancients Indians were perhaps first to use man-made Lithophone as an architectural element. Temples like Nellaiyappar temple (8th century) in Tirunelveli, Vijaya Vitthala temple (15th century) in Hampi, Madurai Meenakshi temple (16th century) and Suchindram Thanumalayan temple (17th century) have musical pillars.<ref>{{cite web \| url=http://www.durvasula.com/Taranga/Musical_Pillars_and_Singing_Rocks.pdf \|title=Musical pillars and singing rocks\|last1=Prasad \| first1=M.G. \| last2=Rajavel \| first2=B. \| website=Taranga\|access-date=28 January 2018}}</ref> ==~~Lihat~~ ~~pula~~Marimba batu == Marimba batu disusun seperti [[marimba]] yang terbuat dari kayu. Lebar batangnya kurang lebih sama, tetapi lebih tipis daripada marimba kayu, sehingga [[resonansi]]nya lebih tinggi. Marimba batu mungkin dilengkapi dengan [[resonator]]. [[Phonolite]] [[Ringing rocks]] [[Sankarjang]]▼ Marimba batu yang dipajang di [[Musée de l'Homme]] diduga merupakan alat musik tertua di Bumi.<ref>{{cite book \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VpOs5C-U4w8C&pg=PA8&dq=%22Stone+marimba%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=IvvoUNiyOMTmiwLhg4HYAQ&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=%22Stone%20marimba%22&f=false \| title=The stones of Ndut Lieng Krak \| publisher=New Scientist \| date=10 January 1957 \| accessdate=5 January 2013 \| pages=8}}</ref> ~~==References==~~ <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px"> File:Schellerhau Botanischer Garten Lithophon (01).JPG\|Litofon yang terbuat dari [[fonolit]] di kebun botani [[Schellerhau]], Jerman File:Ethiopian Lithophones with Stand, Monastery of Na’akuto La’ab (3425530734).jpg\|Litofon Etiopia di Biara [[Na’akuto La’ab]] File:Stone marimba (from Emil Richards Collection).jpg \|Marimba batu, jangkauan suara C3–C5 File:Xylophone of stone DSCN0062.JPG\|Xilofon batu File:Jinan 2009 1168.jpg\|Genta batu, Shandong Provincial Museum, Jinan </gallery> == Lihat pula == [[Fonolit]] * [[Batu berbunyi]] ▲* [[Sankarjang]] == Referensi == {{reflist}} == Pranala luar == ~~==External links==~~ {{Commons category\|Lithophones}} * The British composer Will Menter [http://www.willmenter.com] invented the llechiphone, a [[marimba]] with keys made of [[slate]], while working in [[North Wales]].[https://web.archive.org/web/20070426202119/http://www.neufportes.net/inst.htm] * UK Musician, Tony Dale developed a resonated slate lithophone in 1984 featured by composer [[John Hardy (composer)\|John Hardy]]. * Other slate lithophones, called stonaphones, are made in the U.S. state of [[Maine]] by Jim Doble out of recycled slate [[Roofing material\|roofing]].[http://www.tidewater.net/~xylojim/edstone.html] * An installation in [http://www.princetonoccasion.org/quarkpark/pages_statements/PerryCook.html Quark Park] by Perry Cook and Jonathan Shor, consisting of 17 bars stretched over a {{convert\|35\|ft\|m\|adj=on}} long path. * [http://www.sonicwonders.org/?p=1216 Audio and video of Stalacpipe Organ] on Sound Tourism site * [http://www.lithophones.com lithophones.com] Photographs, audio clips, and videos of lithophones from around the world, historical and contemporary. === Video === * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gtHRPqFDg1k The Musical Stones of Skiddaw being played] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cQdC-RPjTMg Video of the Great Stalacpipe Organ] Baris 34 ⟶ 44: {{Litofon}} {{Idiofon perkusi ~~lempeng~~plakat}} [[~~Category~~Kategori:~~Perkusi~~Litofon\| ~~kibor~~]] [[~~Category~~Kategori:Perkusi ~~bernada tinggi~~kibor]] [[Kategori:Perkusi bernada tinggi]] ~~[[Category:Idiofon]]~~ [[~~Category~~Kategori:~~Litofon~~Idiofon]] [[~~Category~~Kategori:Perkusi melodi]] [[~~Category~~Kategori:Idiofon perkusi ~~lempeng~~plakat]]