Penyatuan Jurchen: Perbedaan antara revisi

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(4 revisi perantara oleh satu pengguna lainnya tidak ditampilkan)
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'''Penyatuan Jurchen''' atau '''Unifikasi Jurchen''' adalah serangkaian peristiwa pada akhir abad ke-16 dan awal abad ke-17 yang mengarah pada penyatuan suku [[Jurchen]] di bawah [[Nurhaci]].
 
== Latar belakang ==
[[Dinasti Ming]] mengategorikan suku Jurchen menjadi tiga kelompok, [[Jurchen Jianhzhou]], [[Jurchen Haixi]], dan [[Jurchen Liar]]. Jianzhou terutama terdiri dari tiga suku, Odoli, Huligai, dan Tuowen. Haixi didominasi oleh [[Hulun (aliansi)|konfederasi Hulun]] yang terdiri dari empat suku, Ula, Hada, Hoifa, dan Yehe. Tidak banyak yang diketahui tentang suku Jurchen Liar kecuali keberadaan suku Donghai di antara mereka.
 
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== Perang Jianzhou ==
Kepala suku Jianzhou, Wang Gao (王 杲) telah bermusuhan dengan Ming selama beberapa waktu dan sering menyerang kota-kota Ming dengan para sekutu Mongol. Setelah dia membunuh komandan Ming di [[Fushun]] pada tahun 1573, Ming melancarkan serangan balik dan memukul mundur Wang ke utara ke negeri Hada, tempat dia ditangkap oleh Wang Tai, pemimpin aliansi Hulun, yang menyerahkannya kepada Li Chengliang. Li memerintahkan eksekusi terhadap dia pada tahun 1575.{{sfn|Twitchett|1998b|p=270}}
 
Kematian Wang Gao memicu perebutan kekuasaan di antara suku-suku Jianzhou. Sebelumnya bawahan Wang Gao, [[Giocangga]] dan putranya [[Tǎkèshì]] diam-diam bersekutu dengan Li Chengliang untuk meningkatkan kekuatan mereka.{{sfn|Fang|1943b|p=595}} Pada tahun 1582, putra Wang Gao, Atai (阿台) menyerbu negeri Ming. Ming mengirim ekspedisi hukuman dengan dukungan Giocangga dan Tǎkèshì.{{sfn|Fang|1943b|p=595}} Selama serangan di benteng Atai, Giocangga dan Tǎkèshì keduanya dibunuh oleh sekutu Ming dari Jurchen yang lain, Nikan Wailan.{{sfn|Crossley|1987|p=771}} Ming menyatakan peristiwa itu adalah suatu kecelakaan dan menolak menyerahkan Nikan Wailan kepada putra Taksi, Nurhaci, meskipun mereka memberinya beberapa hadiah dan investasi sebagai pampasan.{{sfn|Swope|2014|p=17}}
==Referensi==
 
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