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'''Tau''' atau '''ταῦ''' (huruf besar T; huruf kecil τ) adalah huruf ke-19 dalam [[alfabet Yunani]]. Huruf ini dalam [[bahasa Yunani Klasik]] melambangkan fonem {{IPA|/t/}}.
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The name in English is pronounced {{IPAc-en|t|aʊ}} or {{IPAc-en|t|ɔː}},<ref>{{cite web|title=Oxford Dictionaries Online|publisher=Oxford University Press|url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/tau}}</ref> but in [[modern Greek]] it is {{IPA-el|taf|}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thespruce.com/the-greek-alphabet-1705558|title=The Greek Alphabet|last=Gaifyllia|first=Nancy|date=10 Oct 2016|website=The Spruce|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171028112456/https://www.thespruce.com/the-greek-alphabet-1705558|archive-date=28 Oct 2017|dead-url=no|access-date=28 Oct 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eki.ee/wgrs/rom1_el.htm|title=UN Romanization of Greek for Geographical Names (1987)|last=UNGEGN Working Group on Romanization Systems|first=|date=1 Mar 2016|website=Institute of the Estonian Language|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018235656/http://www.eki.ee/wgrs/rom1_el.htm|archive-date=18 Oct 2017|dead-url=no|access-date=28 Oct 2017}}</ref> This is because the pronunciation of the combination of Greek letters αυ has changed from ancient to modern times from one of {{IPA|[au]}} to either {{IPA|[av]}} or {{IPA|[af]}}, depending on what follows (see [[Greek orthography]]).
Tau was derived from the [[Phoenician alphabet|Phoenician letter]] [[taw]] [[Image:Phoenician taw.svg|20px]] (𐤕).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.brighthubeducation.com/history-homework-help/21831-where-did-the-greek-alphabet-come-from/|title=The Greek Alphabet: Where did It Come From & How Did It Become Modern Greek?|last=Panse|first=Sonal|date=1 May 2012|work=Bright Hub Education|access-date=28 Oct 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222201818/http://www.brighthubeducation.com/history-homework-help/21831-where-did-the-greek-alphabet-come-from/|archive-date=22 Dec 2016|dead-url=no|editor-last=Finn|editor-first=Wendy}}</ref> Letters that arose from tau include Roman [[T]] and Cyrillic [[Te (Cyrillic)|Te]] (Т, т).
The letter occupies the [[Unicode]] slots U+03C4 (lowercase) and U+03A4 (uppercase). In [[HTML]], they can be produced with [[List of XML and HTML character entity references|named entities]] (<code>&tau;</code> and <code>&Tau;</code>), [[Numeric character reference|decimal references]] (<code>&#964;</code> and <code>&#932;</code>), or [[Numeric character reference|hexadecimal references]] (<code>&#x3C4;</code> and <code>&#x3A4;</code>).
== Modern usage ==
{{See also|Greek letters used in mathematics, science, and engineering#Ττ (tau)}}
The lower-case letter τ is used as a symbol for:
* [[Per unit tax|Specific tax]] amount<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://faculty.maxwell.syr.edu/jomcpeak/PPA723/lecture4.htm|title=McPeak, Lecture 4|last=McPeak|first=John|date=10 Jun 2010|website=Syracuse University|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610000249/http://faculty.maxwell.syr.edu/jomcpeak/PPA723/lecture4.htm|archive-date=10 Jun 2010|dead-url=no|access-date=27 Oct 2017}}</ref>
* [[TAU (spacecraft)|TAU]], proposed spacecraft<ref>{{Cite book|title=Hypothetical Spacecraft and Interstellar Travel|last=Nygren|first=Ezekiel|publisher=Lulu|year=28 Feb 2015|isbn=9781312955929|location=|pages=139}}</ref>
=== Biology ===
* The expressed period of the [[Free-running sleep|freerunning]] rhythm of an animal, i.e., the length of the daily cycle of an animal when kept in constant light or constant darkness
* The dose interval in [[pharmacokinetics]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=MJ|first=Shelton|last2=MB|first2=Wire|last3=Y|first3=Lou|last4=B|first4=Adamkiewicz|last5=SS|first5=Min|date=Mar 2016|title=Pharmacokinetic and safety evaluation of high-dose combinations of fosamprenavir and ritonavir|pmid=16495253|pmc=1426463|journal=Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy|volume=3|issue=3|pages=928–934|doi=10.1128/AAC.50.3.928-934.2006}}</ref>
* The core variable in [[general tau theory]]
* [[Tau (protein)|Tau]] in biochemistry, a protein associated with microtubules and implicated in neurodegenerative diseases such as [[Alzheimer's disease]], some forms of [[frontotemporal lobar degeneration]], and [[chronic traumatic encephalopathy]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=C|first=González|last2=G|first2=Farías|last3=RB|first3=Maccioni|date=1 Nov 1998|title=Modification of tau to an Alzheimer's type protein interferes with its interaction with microtubules|url=http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/9846894|journal=Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand)|volume=44(7)|pages=1117–1127|via=EuropeMC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=M|first=Sjögren|last2=E|first2=Englund|date=2004|title=Negative neurofilament light and tau immunostaining in frontotemporal dementia|pmid=15178951|journal= Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders|volume=17|issue=4|pages=346–349|doi=10.1159/000077169}}</ref>
=== Mathematics ===
* [[Divisor function]] in number theory, also denoted ''d'' or σ<sub>0</sub><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mathworld.wolfram.com/DivisorFunction.html|title=Divisor Function|last=Weisstein|first=Eric W.|date=27 Oct 2017|website=MathWorld --A Wolfram Web Resource.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629140345/http://mathworld.wolfram.com/DivisorFunction.html|archive-date=29 Jun 2017|dead-url=no|access-date=28 Oct 2017|authorlink8=}}</ref><ref group="note" name=":0">The date given on the source is after that of the archive. This is because the original publishing date is unknown, so the latest update date is stated instead.</ref>
* [[Golden ratio]] (1.618...), although φ ([[phi]]) is more common<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mathworld.wolfram.com/GoldenRatio.html|title="Golden Ratio."|last=Weisstein|first=Eric W.|date=27 Oct 2017|website=Mathworld -- A Wolfram Web Resource|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822072337/http://mathworld.wolfram.com/GoldenRatio.html|archive-date=22 Aug 2017|dead-url=no|access-date=28 Oct 2017}}</ref><ref name=":0" group="note" />
* [[Kendall tau rank correlation coefficient]] in statistics<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ghent|first=A. W.|date=June 1963|title=Kendall's “Tau” Coefficient as an Index of Similarity in Comparisons of Plant or Animal Communities|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/canadian-entomologist/article/kendalls-tau-coefficient-as-an-index-of-similarity-in-comparisons-of-plant-or-animal-communities/B791FA0F9D0450699CF9F1AE92D5DA9D|journal=The Candadian Entomologist|volume=95, Issue 6|pages=568–575|via=Cambridge University Press}}</ref>
* [[Stopping time]] in stochastic processes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://almostsure.wordpress.com/2009/11/23/sigma-algebras-at-a-stopping-time/|title=Sigma Algebras at a Stopping Time|last=Lowther|first=George|date=23 Nov 2009|website=Almost Sure at Wordpress|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221152426/https://almostsure.wordpress.com/2009/11/23/sigma-algebras-at-a-stopping-time/|archive-date=21 Dec 2016|dead-url=no|access-date=28 Oct 2017}}</ref><ref group="note" name=":1">The archived version of this source may take a few minutes to render the [[TeX]] math codes properly.</ref>
* [[Tau (mathematical constant)|Tau]], a circle constant equal to 2{{pi}} (6.28318...)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/let-s-use-tau-it-s-easier-than-pi/|title=Why Tau Trumps Pi|last=Bartholomew|first=Randyn|date=25 Jun 2014|work=Scientific American|access-date=28 Oct 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908232803/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/let-s-use-tau-it-s-easier-than-pi/|archive-date=8 Sep 2017|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tauday.com/tau-manifesto|title=The Tau Manifesto|last=Hartl|first=Michael|date=28 Jun 2010|website=Tau Day|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007085119/https://tauday.com/tau-manifesto|archive-date=7 Oct 2017|dead-url=no|access-date=28 Oct 2017}}</ref>
* [[Tau function (disambiguation)|Tau function]]s, several
* [[Torsion of a curve]] in differential geometry<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Torsion.html|title=Torsion -- From Wolfram ''MathWorld'' - a Wolfram Web Resource.|last=Weisstein|first=Eric W.|date=27 Oct 2017|website=Wolfram MathWorld|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829220240/http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Torsion.html|archive-date=29 Aug 2017|dead-url=no|access-date=28 Oct 2017}}</ref><ref name=":0" group="note" />
* [[Translation]] in Euclidean geometry (although the Latin letter [[T]] is used more often)
=== Physics ===
* [[Proper time]] in relativity
* [[Shear stress]] in continuum mechanics
* The lifetime of a [[spontaneous emission]] process
* [[Tau (particle)|Tau]], an elementary particle in particle physics
* Tau in [[astronomy]] is a measure of [[optical depth]], or how much sunlight cannot penetrate the atmosphere
* In the physical sciences, tau is sometimes used as [[time]] variable, to avoid confusing t as temperature
* [[Time constant]] (also [[relaxation time]]) of any system, such as an [[RC circuit]]
* [[Torque]], the rotational force in mechanics
* The symbol for [[tortuosity]] in hydrogeology
== Symbolism ==
* In ancient times, tau was used as a symbol for [[life]] or [[resurrection]], whereas the eighth letter of the Greek alphabet, [[theta]], was considered the symbol of [[death]].
* In Biblical times, the [[taw]] was put on men to distinguish those who lamented sin, although newer versions of the Bible have replaced the ancient term ''taw'' with ''mark'' (Ezekiel 9:4) or ''signature'' (Job 31:35). Its original sound value is a [[voiceless alveolar plosive]], IPA /t/
* The symbolism of the [[cross]] was connected not only to the letter [[chi (letter)|chi]] but also to tau, the equivalent of the last letter in the [[Phoenician alphabet|Phoenician]] and Old Hebrew alphabets, and which was originally cruciform in shape; see [[Cross of Tau]]
* An essay written around 160 AD, attributed to [[Lucian]], a mock legal prosecution called ''[[The Consonants at Law - Sigma vs. Tau, in the Court of the Seven Vowels]]'', contains a reference to the cross attribution. [[Sigma (letter)|Sigma]] petitions the court to sentence Tau to death by crucifixion, saying:
*: ''Men weep, and bewail their lot, and curse Cadmus with many curses for introducing ''Tau'' into the family of letters; they say it was his body that tyrants took for a model, his shape that they imitated, when they set up structures on which men are crucified. ''Stauros'' (cross) the vile engine is called, and it derives its vile name from him. Now, with all these crimes upon him, does he not deserve death, nay, many deaths? For my part I know none bad enough but that supplied by his own shape — that shape which he gave to the [[gibbet]] named ''stauros'' after him by men''
* [[Tau Cross|Tau]] is usually considered as the symbol of [[Franciscan]] orders due to [[Saint Francis of Assisi|St. Francis']] love for it, symbol of the redemption and of the [[Cross]]. Almost all Franciscan churches have painted a tau with two crossing arms, both with [[stigmata]], the one of Jesus and the other of Francis; usually members of the [[Secular Franciscan Order]] wear a wooden τ in a string with three knots around the neck
-->
== Pengkodean karakter ==
Untuk huruf Yunani dan Koptik ''tau'':<ref>Unicode code charts: [http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0370.pdf Greek and Coptic (Range: 0370-03FF)]</ref>
{{charmap
|03A4|name1=Greek Capital Letter Tau
|03C4|name2=Greek Small Letter Tau
|2CA6|name3=Coptic Capital Letter Tau
|2CA7|name4=Coptic Small Letter Tau
|map2=DOS Greek|map2char1=93|map2char2=AB
|map3=DOS Greek-2|map3char1=D0|map3char2=EE
|map4=Windows 1253|map4char1=D4|map4char2=F4
|namedref1=[[TeX]]|ref1char2=\tau
}}
Untuk huruf matematika ''tau'':<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/char/1d6bb/index.htm|title=Unicode Character 'MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL TAU' (U+1D6BB)|website=www.fileformat.info|access-date=2017-10-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/char/1d6d5/index.htm|title=Unicode Character 'MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL TAU' (U+1D6D5)|website=www.fileformat.info|access-date=2017-10-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/char/1d6f5/index.htm|title=Unicode Character 'MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL TAU' (U+1D6F5)|website=www.fileformat.info|access-date=2017-10-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/char/1d70f/index.htm|title=Unicode Character 'MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL TAU' (U+1D70F)|website=www.fileformat.info|access-date=2017-10-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/char/1d72f/index.htm|title=Unicode Character 'MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL TAU' (U+1D72F)|website=www.fileformat.info|access-date=2017-10-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/char/1d749/index.htm|title=Unicode Character 'MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL TAU' (U+1D749)|website=www.fileformat.info|access-date=2017-10-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/char/1d769/index.htm|title=Unicode Character 'MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL TAU' (U+1D769)|website=www.fileformat.info|access-date=2017-10-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/char/1d783/index.htm|title=Unicode Character 'MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL TAU' (U+1D783)|website=www.fileformat.info|access-date=2017-10-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/char/1d7a3/index.htm|title=Unicode Character 'MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL TAU' (U+1D7A3)|website=www.fileformat.info|access-date=2017-10-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/char/1d7bd/index.htm|title=Unicode Character 'MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL TAU' (U+1D7BD)|website=www.fileformat.info|access-date=2017-10-28}}</ref>{{charmap
|1D6BB|name1=Mathematical Bold<br />Capital Tau
|1D6D5|name2=Mathematical Bold<br />Small Tau
|1D6F5|name3=Mathematical Italic<br />Capital Tau
|1D70F|name4=Mathematical Italic<br />Small Tau
|1D72F|name5=Mathematical Bold Italic<br />Capital Tau
|1D749|name6=Mathematical Bold Italic<br />Small Tau
}}
{{charmap
|1D769|name1=Mathematical Sans-Serif<br />Bold Capital Tau
|1D783|name2=Mathematical Sans-Serif<br />Bold Small Tau
|1D7A3|name3=Mathematical Sans-Serif<br />Bold Italic Capital Tau
|1D7BD|name4=Mathematical Sans-Serif<br />Bold Italic Small Tau
}}
Karakter-karakter ini hanya digunakan sebagai simbol matematika. Teks bergaya Yunani seharusnya menggunakan pengkodean untuk huruf Yunani biasa, dengan tanda markup dan format yang mengindikasikan gaya teks.
== Catatan ==
{{reflist|group=note}}
== Referensi ==
{{Wiktionary|Τ|τ}}
{{Reflist}}
[[Kategori:Huruf Yunani]]
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