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'''Jengkal''' ({{lang-en|span}}) adalah satuan panjang yang didasarkan pada ukuran [[tangan]] [[manusia]] dari ujung [[ibu jari]] sampai ujung [[jari kelingking]] pada saat direntangkan sejauh mungkin. Pada zaman dahulu, satu jengkal dianggap sebagai "setengah [[hasta]]".
▲[[File:Hand Units of Measurement.PNG|thumb|Sejumlah satuan panjang berdasarkan ukuran tangan, termasuk "jengkal besar" ome hand-based measurements, including the great span (4)]]
▲'''Jengkal''' ({{lang-en|span}}) adalah satuan panjang yang didasarkan pada ukuran [[tangan]] [[manusia]] dari ujung [[ibu jari]] sampai ujung [[jari kelingking]] pada saat direntangkan sejauh mungkin. Pada zaman dahulu, satu jengkal dianggap sebagai "setengah [[hasta]]". Kadangkala dibedakan antara '''jengkal besar''' ({{lang-en|great span}}; yaitu dari ibu jari ke jari kelingking) dengan '''jengkal kecil''' ({{lang-en|little span}}; yaitu dari [[jari telunjuk]] ke jari kelingking]]).<ref name="Seaver1895">{{cite book|author=Edwin Pliny Seaver|title=New Franklin arithmetic: Second book|url[[=http://books.google.com/books?id=HEMkwNTqmVAC&pg=PA384|accessdate=27 January 2012|year=1895|publisher=Butler, Sheldon & co.|page=384}}</ref><ref name="O'Sullivan1872">{{cite book|author=Daniel O'Sullivan|title=The principles of arithmetic|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=N1YDAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA69|accessdate=27 January 2012|year=1872|publisher=Thom|page=69}}</ref>
== Sejarah ==▼
▲==Sejarah==
▲Ancient Greek texts show that the span was used as a fixed measure in [[ancient Greece]] since at least [[Archaic Greece|archaic period]]. The word ''spithame'' ([[Greek language|Greek]]: "σπιθαμή"), "span",<ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dspiqamh%2F σπιθαμή], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus Digital Library</ref> is attested in the work of [[Herodotus]]<ref>Herodotus, ''The Histories'', 2.106, on [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:abo:tlg,0016,001:2:106&lang=original Perseus Digital Library]</ref> in the 5th century BC; however, the span was used in Greece long before that, since the word ''trispithamos'' (Greek: "τρισπίθαμος"), "three spans long",<ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dtrispi%2Fqamos τρισπίθαμος], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus Digital Library</ref> occurs as early as the 8th century BC in [[Hesiod]].<ref>
Hesiod, ''Works and Days'', 426, on [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:abo:tlg,0020,002:426&lang=original Perseus Digital Library]</ref>
==Ukuran jengkal==▼
▲== Ukuran jengkal ==
===Bahasa Inggris===▼
▲=== Bahasa Inggris ===
<!--''See also:'' [[English unit]]-->
; 1 ''span''
:= 0,2286 [[meter|m]] = 22,86 cm
=== Bahasa Arab ===
; 1 ''šibr'' (شبر).
===Slavic usage===
In [[Slavic languages]], the analogue of the span is various words derived from Proto-Slavic *''pędь'' ([[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]] ''педя'', [[Polish language|Polish]] ''piędź'', [[Russian language|Russian]] ''пядь'', [[Slovene language|Slovenian]] ''ped'', etc.). In various Slavic languages it is the distance from the tip of the [[thumb]] to the tip of the [[little finger]] or [[index finger]]. For example, Slovenian ''velika ped'' = great span (23 cm), ''mala ped'' = little span (9.5 cm); Russian ''piad'' = 4 ''[[vershoks]]'' = 17.8 cm. See [[Obsolete Russian weights and measures]].
===
In [[Swahili language|Swahili]], the equivalent of the great span (thumb to little finger) is the ''shubiri'' or ''shibiri'' while the little span (thumb to forefinger) is the ''morita'' or ''futuri''.<ref name="Madan1903">{{cite book|author=Arthur Cornwallis Madan|title=Swahili-English dictionary|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=J7NFAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA78|accessdate=27 January 2012|year=1903|publisher=Clarendon press|page=78}}</ref>
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In [[Hindi]]-[[Urdu]] and other languages of Northern [[India]] and [[Pakistan]], the span is commonly used as an informal measure and called ''bālisht'' (Urdu: بالشت, Hindi: बालिश्त).<ref name="Lockyer">Norman Lockyer, "Nature," Nature Publishing Group, Macmillan Journals Ltd., 1922.</ref>
-->
=== Bahasa Indonesia/Melayu ===
; 1 jengkal.
<!--
===
In Nepal, where this method of measurement is still used in informal context, a span is called Bhitta.
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It's commonly used as traditional and informal measure. In Mongolia, the span is called as ''tuu'' (төө). Depending on the use of index or middle finger and the placement of the thumb, the span is named differently as ''tuu'' (төө) and ''mukhar tuu'' (мухар төө) etc.
-->
=== Bahasa Portugis ===
<!--{{main|Portuguese customary units}}-->
Satuan Portugis kuno yang setara dengan "jengkal" adalah "''palmo de craveira''" atau disingkat "''palmo''".
; 1 ''palmo de craveira''
:= 1/5 ''varas'' (bahasa Portugis untuk [[yard]])<ref name="Monteverde1861"
:= 0.22 [[meter|m]]<ref name="Monteverde1861"/>
==
{{reflist}}▼
== Lihat pula ==
<!--* [[Anthropic units]]
* [[Hand (unit)]]
* [[List of unusual units of measurement]]-->
* [[
* [[Hasta]]
* [[Depa]]
▲{{reflist}}
== Pustaka ==
* Lyle V. Jones. 1971. “The Nature of Measurement.” In: Robert L. Thorndike (ed.), Educational Measurement. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: American Council on Education, pp. 335–355.
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