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Baris 1: [[~~File~~Berkas:Hand Units of Measurement.PNG\|~~thumb~~jmpl\|Sejumlah satuan panjang berdasarkan ukuran tangan, termasuk "jengkal besar" (nomor 4; ''great span'')]] '''Jengkal''' ({{lang-en\|span}}) adalah satuan panjang yang didasarkan pada ukuran [[tangan]] [[manusia]] dari ujung [[ibu jari]] sampai ujung [[jari kelingking]] pada saat direntangkan sejauh mungkin. Pada zaman dahulu, satu jengkal dianggap sebagai "setengah [[hasta]]". ~~Kadangkala~~Kadang kala dibedakan antara '''jengkal besar''' ({{lang-en\|great span}}; yaitu dari [[ibu jari]] ke [[jari kelingking]]) dengan '''jengkal kecil''' ({{lang-en\|little span}}; yaitu dari [[jari telunjuk]] ke [[jari kelingking]]).<ref name="Seaver1895">{{cite book\|author=Edwin Pliny Seaver\|title=New Franklin arithmetic: Second book\|url=https://archive.org/details/newfranklinarit00seavgoog\|url[[=http://books.google.com/books?id=HEMkwNTqmVAC&pg=PA384\|accessdate=27 January 2012\|year=1895\|publisher=Butler, Sheldon & co.\|page=[https://archive.org/details/newfranklinarit00seavgoog/page/n391 384]}}</ref><ref name="O'Sullivan1872">{{cite book\|author=Daniel O'Sullivan\|title=The principles of arithmetic\|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=N1YDAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA69\|accessdate=27 January 2012\|year=1872\|publisher=Thom\|page=69}}</ref> == Sejarah == Teks Yunani kuno menunjukkan bahwa satuan "jengkal" digunakan sebagai ukuran tetap dalam [[:en:Ancient Greece\|zaman Yunani kuno]] sampai paling sedikit [[:en:Archaic Greece\|zaman Yunani arkhaik]]. Kata ''spithame'' ([[bahasa Yunani]]: "σπιθαμή"), "jengkal",<ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dspiqamh%2F σπιθαμή], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus Digital Library</ref> tercantum dalam karya [[Herodotus]]<ref>Herodotus, ''The Histories'', 2.106, on [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:abo:tlg,0016,001:2:106&lang=original Perseus Digital Library]</ref> pada abad ke-5 SM. Namun, satuan "jengkal" sudah digunakan di Yunani jauh sebelumnya, karena kata ''trispithamos'' (Yunani: "τρισπίθαμος"), "(panjang) tiga jengkal",<ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dtrispi%2Fqamos τρισπίθαμος], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus Digital Library</ref> sudah muncul pada abad ke-8 SM dalam karya [[Hesiod]].<ref> Hesiod, ''Works and Days'', 426, on [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:abo:tlg,0020,002:426&lang=original Perseus Digital Library]</ref> == Ukuran jengkal == === Bahasa Inggris === <!--''See also:'' [[English unit]]--> ; 1 ''span'' := 9 [[inci]]<ref name="Steen1846">{{cite book\|author=Isaiah Steen\|title=A treatise on mental arithmetic, in theory and practice\|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=wDAEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA9\|accessdate=27 January 2012\|year=1846\|page=9}}</ref> := 0,2286 [[meter\|m]] = 22,86 cm === Bahasa Arab === ; 1 ''šibr'' (شبر). <!--It is used in [[Modern Standard Arabic]] and [[classical Arabic]], as well as in modern-day dialects. ===Slavic usage=== Baris 28: In [[Hindi]]-[[Urdu]] and other languages of Northern [[India]] and [[Pakistan]], the span is commonly used as an informal measure and called ''bālisht'' (Urdu: بالشت, Hindi: बालिश्त).<ref name="Lockyer">Norman Lockyer, "Nature," Nature Publishing Group, Macmillan Journals Ltd., 1922.</ref> --> === Bahasa Indonesia/Melayu === ; 1 jengkal. <!-- Baris 40: It's commonly used as traditional and informal measure. In Mongolia, the span is called as ''tuu'' (төө). Depending on the use of index or middle finger and the placement of the thumb, the span is named differently as ''tuu'' (төө) and ''mukhar tuu'' (мухар төө) etc. --> === Bahasa Portugis === <!--{{main\|Portuguese customary units}}--> Satuan Portugis kuno yang setara dengan "jengkal" adalah "''palmo de craveira''" atau disingkat "''palmo''". ; 1 ''palmo de craveira'' := 8 ''polegadas'' (bahasa Portugis untuk [[inci]])<ref name="Monteverde1861">{{cite book\|author=Emilio Achilles Monteverde\|title=Manual Encyclopedico para Uzo das Escolas de Instrucção Primaria\|year=1861\|publisher=Imprensa Nacional, Lisboa\|page=}}</ref> := 1/5 ''varas'' (bahasa Portugis untuk [[yard]])<ref name="Monteverde1861"></~~ref~~> := 0.22 [[meter\|m]]<ref name="Monteverde1861"/> ==~~Lihat~~ ~~pula~~Referensi == {{reflist}}▼ == Lihat pula == <!--* [[Anthropic units]] * [[Hand (unit)]] * [[List of unusual units of measurement]]--> * [[~~Satuan panjang~~Dim]] * [[Hasta]] * [[Depa]] ~~==Referensi==~~ ▲{{reflist}} == Pustaka == * Lyle V. Jones. 1971. “The Nature of Measurement.” In: Robert L. Thorndike (ed.), Educational Measurement. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: American Council on Education, pp. 335–355.