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[[Berkas:PSU-Open1.jpg|jmpl|AnUnit ATXcatu powerdaya supply unitATX withdengan toppenutup coveratas removeddilepas]]
Sebuah '''Unit Catu Daya''' ('''PSU''') mengubah AC utama menjadi daya DC yang diatur tegangan rendah untuk komponen internal komputer. Komputer pribadi modern secara universal menggunakan catu daya mode-sakelar. Beberapa catu daya memiliki sakelar manual untuk memilih tegangan input, sementara yang lain secara otomatis menyesuaikan dengan tegangan listrik.
A '''power supply unit''' ('''PSU''') converts [[Mains electricity|mains AC]] to low-voltage regulated [[DC power]] for the internal components of a computer. Modern personal computers universally use [[Switched-mode power supply|switched-mode power supplies]]. Some [[Power supply|power supplies]] have a manual switch for selecting input voltage, while others automatically adapt to the mains voltage.
Sebagian besar catu daya komputer pribadi desktop modern sesuai dengan spesifikasi ATX, yang mencakup toleransi faktor bentuk dan tegangan. Saat catu daya ATX disambungkan ke catu daya, ia selalu menyediakan daya siaga 5 volt (5VSB) sehingga fungsi siaga di komputer dan periferal tertentu diberi daya. Catu daya ATX dihidupkan dan dimatikan dengan sinyal dari motherboard. Mereka juga memberikan sinyal ke motherboard untuk menunjukkan kapan tegangan DC dalam spesifikasi, sehingga komputer dapat menyala dan boot dengan aman. Standar ATX PSU terbaru adalah versi 2.31 pada pertengahan 2008.
Most modern desktop personal computer power supplies conform to the [[ATX|ATX specification]], which includes form factor and voltage tolerances. While an ATX power supply is connected to the mains supply, it always provides a 5-[[volt]] standby (5VSB) power so that the standby functions on the computer and certain peripherals are powered. ATX power supplies are turned on and off by a signal from the [[motherboard]]. They also provide a signal to the motherboard to indicate when the DC voltages are in spec, so that the computer is able to safely power up and boot. The most recent ATX PSU standard is version 2.31 as of mid-2008.
== FunctionsFungsi ==
{{Multiple image|image1=PC-PowerSupply-Principle-Circuit.svg|width1=340|caption1=SimplifiedDiagram circuitsirkuit diagramsederhana ofdari aPSU typical PSUtipikal|image2=PC-PowerSupply-VoltageController.svg|width2=203|caption2=Diagram ofrangkaian apengatur typicaltegangan XT anddan AT voltage regulatoryang circuitkhas}}{{Multiple image|image1=PFC passive IMG 1702.JPG|width1=126|image2=PFC active IMG 1703.JPG|width2=132|footer=Internals of a PSU with passive PFC (left) and active PFC (right)}}
TheCatu desktopdaya computerkomputer powerdesktop supplymengubah changesarus [[alternatingbolak-balik current]]dari fromstopkontak alistrik [[ACke powerarus plugssearah andbertegangan sockets|wallrendah socket]]untuk ofmengoperasikan [[mainsprosesor electricity]]dan toperangkat low-voltage direct current to operate the processor and peripheral devicesperiferal. SeveralDiperlukan direct-currentbeberapa voltagestegangan arearus requiredsearah, anddan theytegangan musttersebut beharus regulateddiatur withdengan somecukup accuracyakurat tountuk providememberikan stableoperasi operationkomputer ofyang the computerstabil. {{anchor|PowerRel supplycatu rail}}A ''powerdaya supply rail'' oratau '''voltagerel railvoltase''' refersmengacu topada avoltase singletunggal voltageyang provideddisediakan byoleh aunit powercatu supply unitdaya (PSU).<ref>{{cite web|author=Christoph Katzer|date=2008-09-22|title=Debunking Power Supply Myths|url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/2624/3|publisher=[[AnandTech]]|page=3|access-date=2014-10-07}}</ref>
== PowerPeringkat ratingdaya ==
ThePenarikan overalldaya power draw onkeseluruhan apada PSU isdibatasi limitedoleh byfakta thebahwa factsemua thatrel allsuplai ofdatang themelalui supplysatu railstrafo comedan throughsalah onesatu [[transformer]]sirkuit and any of its primary sidesamping circuitryutamanya, likeseperti [[Switched-modekomponen power supply|switching]] components. TotalPersyaratan powerdaya requirementstotal foruntuk akomputer personalpribadi computerdapat mayberkisar rangedari from250 250 W tohingga morelebih thandari 1000 W foruntuk akomputer high-performanceberkinerja computertinggi withdengan multiplebeberapa graphicskartu cardsgrafis. PersonalKomputer computerspribadi withouttanpa especiallyCPU highatau performingkartu CPUsgrafis orberperforma graphicstinggi cardsbiasanya usually requirememerlukan 300 tohingga 500 W..<ref name="urlPower Supply Fundamentals Page 3">{{cite web|year=2008|title=Cooler Master UCP Product Sheet|url=http://www.coolermaster.com/xresserver01-DLFILE-P130218025925ba-F13032500212140.html|publisher=[[Cooler Master]]|format=PDF|access-date=2014-10-11}}</ref> Power supplies are designed around 40% greater than the calculated ''system power consumption''. This protects against system performance degradation, and against power supply overloading. PowerCatu suppliesdaya memberi label theirkeluaran totaldaya [[Electricaltotalnya, power#Definition|power]]dan output, andmemberi label howbagaimana thishal isini determinedditentukan byoleh thebatas [[electricarus current]]listrik limitsuntuk formasing-masing eachtegangan ofyang thedisuplai. voltagesBeberapa supplied.catu Somedaya powermemiliki suppliesperlindungan havetanpa no-overloadbeban protectionberlebih.
Konsumsi daya sistem adalah jumlah dari peringkat daya untuk semua komponen sistem komputer yang menggunakan catu daya. Beberapa kartu grafis (terutama beberapa kartu) dan kelompok besar hard drive dapat menempatkan tuntutan yang sangat berat pada jalur 12v PSU, dan untuk beban ini.
The system power consumption is a sum of the power ratings for all of the components of the computer system that draw on the power supply. Some graphics cards (especially multiple cards) and large groups of hard drives can place very heavy demands on the 12v lines of the PSU, and for these loads, the PSU's 12 V rating is crucial. The total 12 V rating on the power supply must be higher than the current required by such devices so that the PSU can fully serve the system when its other 12 V system components are taken into account. The manufacturers of these computer system components, especially graphics cards, tend to over-rate their power requirements, to minimize support issues due to too low of a power supply.{{citation needed|date=December 2011}}
== EfficiencyEfisiensi ==
{{See also|Green computing|80 Plus}}Berbagai inisiatif ada untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pasokan daya komputer. Prakarsa Komputasi Penghemat Iklim mendorong penghematan energi dan pengurangan emisi gas rumah kaca dengan mendorong pengembangan dan penggunaan pasokan listrik yang lebih efisien. 80 Plus mengesahkan berbagai tingkat efisiensi untuk catu daya dan mendorong penggunaannya melalui insentif keuangan. Catu daya yang efisien juga menghemat uang dengan membuang lebih sedikit daya; Akibatnya, mereka menggunakan lebih sedikit listrik untuk menyalakan komputer yang sama, dan mereka mengeluarkan lebih sedikit limbah panas yang menghasilkan penghematan energi yang signifikan pada AC sentral di musim panas. Keuntungan menggunakan catu daya yang efisien lebih besar pada komputer yang menggunakan banyak daya.
{{See also|Green computing|80 Plus}}Various initiatives exist to improve the efficiency of computer power supplies. [[Climate Savers Computing Initiative]] promotes energy saving and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by encouraging development and use of more efficient power supplies. [[80 Plus]] certifies a variety of efficiency levels for power supplies and encourages their use via financial incentives. Efficient power supplies also save money by wasting less power; as a result, they use less electricity to power the same computer, and they emit less waste heat which results significant energy savings on central air conditioning in the summer. The gains of using an efficient power supply are more substantial in computers that use a lot of power.
AlthoughMeskipun acatu powerdaya supplydengan withperingkat adaya largerlebih thanbesar neededdari poweryang ratingdibutuhkan willakan havememiliki anmargin extrakeamanan marginekstra ofterhadap safetybeban against overloadingberlebih, suchunit aseperti unititu isseringkali oftenkurang lessefisien efficientdan andmembuang wasteslebih morebanyak electricitylistrik atpada lowerbeban loadsyang thanlebih arendah moredaripada appropriatelyunit sizedyang unit.berukuran Forlebih exampletepat. Misalnya, acatu daya 900- watt powerdengan supplyperingkat withefisiensi the [[80 Plus Silver]] efficiency rating (whichyang means that such a powerberarti supplybahwa iscatu designeddaya tosemacam beitu atdirancang leastsetidaknya 85% efficientefisien foruntuk loadsbeban abovedi atas 180 W) maymungkin only behanya 73% efficientefisien whenjika thebeban loadlebih isrendah lowerdari than100 100 W, whichyang ismerupakan a typicaldaya idle powertipikal foruntuk akomputer desktop computer. ThusJadi, foruntuk abeban 100 W load, lossesrugi-rugi forsuplai thisini supplyadalah would27 be 27 W; ifjika thecatu samedaya poweryang supplysama wasdiletakkan putdi underbawah abeban 450 W load, fordi whichmana theefisiensi supply's efficiency peakspasokan atmencapai 89%, thekerugiannya losshanya wouldakan bemenjadi only56 56 W despitemeskipun supplyingmemasok 4.,5 timeskali thedaya usefulyang powerberguna.<ref>{{cite web|year=2008|title=Cooler Master UCP Product Sheet|url=http://www.coolermaster.com/xresserver01-DLFILE-P130218025925ba-F13032500212140.html|publisher=[[Cooler Master]]|format=PDF|access-date=2014-10-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Martin Kaffei|date=2011-10-10|title=SilverStone Strider Plus – 500 W Modular Power|url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/4908/silverstone-strider-plus-500w-modular-power/4|publisher=[[AnandTech]]|page=4|access-date=2014-10-11}}</ref> ForSebagai a comparisonperbandingan, acatu daya 500- watt poweryang supplymemiliki carryingperingkat theefisiensi [[80 Plus Bronze]] efficiency rating (whichyang meansberarti thatbahwa suchcatu adaya power supply is designed to betersebut atdirancang leastsetidaknya 82% efficientefisien foruntuk loadsbeban abovedi atas 100 W) maydapat providememberikan anefisiensi 84% efficiencyuntuk for100 a 100 W loadmemuat, wastinghanya onlymembuang 19 W..<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mpitziopoulos|first=Aris|last2=June 2016|first2=Igor Wallossek 09|title=Picking The Right Power Supply: What You Should Know|url=https://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/psu-buying-guide,2916.html|website=Tom's Hardware|language=en|access-date=2020-11-01}}</ref> OtherPeringkat ratingslain such asseperti 80 plus goldemas, 80 plus platinum anddan 80 plus titanium alsojuga providememberikan theperingkat sameyang ratingssama respectivelymasing-masing. 80 plus goldemas providingmemberikan anefisiensi 87% efficiencydi underbawah 100% loadbeban, 80 plus platinum providingmemberikan aefisiensi 90% efficiency anddan 80 plus titanium providing thememberikan bestefisiensi efficiencyterbaik atpada 94%.[https://www.wepc.com/tips/power-supply-ratings-exactly-what-do-they-mean/]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-06-12|title=What is PSU Efficiency and Why is it Important? {{!}} Velocity Micro Blog|url=https://www.velocitymicro.com/blog/what-is-psu-efficiency-and-why-is-it-important/|website=Custom Gaming & Enthusiast PC Blog {{!}} Velocity Micro|language=en-US|access-date=2020-11-01}}</ref><ref />
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