Sejarah Kamboja: Perbedaan antara revisi

Sejarah [[Kamboja]], sebuah negara di [[Indochina|daratan utama]] [[Asia Tenggara]], bermula pada sekitar milenium ke-5 SM.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cambodiatribunal.org/history/cambodian-history/ |title=Cambodian History: Searching for the Truth |last=Chandler |first=David |date=July 2009 |website=Cambodia Tribunal Monitor |publisher=Northwestern University School of Law Center for International Human Rights and Documentation Center of Cambodia |accessdate=November 25, 2015 |quote=We have evidence of cave dwellers in northwestern Cambodia living as long ago as 5000 BCE.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mourer |first1=Cécile |last2=Mourer |first2=Roland |date=July 1970 |title=The Prehistoric Industry of Laang Spean, Province of Battambang, Cambodia |journal=Archaeology & Physical Anthropology in Oceania |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=128–146 |publisher=Oceania Publications, University of Sydney |jstor=40386114}}</ref> Catatan mendetail dari struktur politik di wilayah yang sekarang merupakan Kamboja mula-mula muncul dalam catatan-catatan Tiongkok dalam rujukan untuk [[Kerajaan Funan|Funan]], sebuah negara yang berada di bagian paling selatan [[Indochina|semenanjung Indochina]] pada abad ke-1 sampai ke-2. Berpusat di hilir Mekong,<ref name="Stark2006">{{cite journal |last=Stark |first=Miriam T. |date=2006 |title=Pre-Angkorian Settlement Trends in Cambodia's Mekong Delta and the Lower Mekong Archaeological Project |url=http://www.anthropology.hawaii.edu/people/faculty/stark/pdfs/Stark_06_IPPA.pdf |journal=Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association |publisher=University of Hawai’i-Manoa |volume=26 |issue= |pages=98–109 |doi=10.7152/bippa.v26i0.11998 |accessdate=5 July 2015 |quote=The Mekong delta played a central role in the development of Cambodia’s earliest complex polities from approximately 500 BC to AD 600 ... envoys Kang Dai and Zhu Ying visited the delta in the mid-3rd century AD to explore the nature of the sea passage via Southeast Asia to India ... a tribute-based economy, that ... It also suggests that the region’s importance continued unabated |archive-date=2015-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923172512/http://www.anthropology.hawaii.edu/people/faculty/stark/pdfs/Stark_06_IPPA.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Funan dikenal sebagai budaya [[Hindu]] regional tertua, yang menjalin hubungan sosial-ekonomi dengan mitra-mitra dagang maritim [[Indosfer]] di bagian barat.<ref name="Stark1999">{{cite journal |last1=Stark |first1=Miriam T. |last2=Griffin |first2=P. Bion |last3=Phoeurn |first3=Chuch |last4=Ledgerwood |first4=Judy |last5=Dega |first5=Michael |last6=Mortland |first6=Carol |last7=Dowling |first7=Nancy |last8=Bayman |first8=James M. |last9=Sovath |first9=Bong |last10=Tea |first10=Van |last11=Chamroeun |first11=Chhan |last12=Latinis |first12=Kyle |display-authors=4 |date=1999 |title=Results of the 1995–1996 Archaeological Field Investigations at Angkor Borei, Cambodia |url=http://www.anthropology.hawaii.edu/people/faculty/stark/pdfs/AP1999%20article.pdf |journal=Asian Perspectives |publisher=University of Hawai'i-Manoa |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=7–36 |doi= |accessdate=5 July 2015 |quote=the development of maritime commerce and Hindu influence stimulated early state formation in polities along the coasts of mainland Southeast Asia, where passive indigenous populations embraced notions of statecraft and ideology introduced by outsiders...}}</ref> Pada abad ke-6, sebuah sipilisasi yang disebut [[Chenla]] atau Zhenla dalam catatan-catatan Tiongkok, menggantikan Funan, sebagai negara yang menguasai wilayah yang lebih besar dan memiliki lebih dari satu pusat kekuasaan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://michaelvickery.org/vickery1994what.pdf |title= "What and Where was Chenla?", Recherches nouvelles sur le Cambodge | publisher= Michael Vickery’s Publications |accessdate=5 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.khmerstudies.org/download-files/publications/siksacakr/no2/consideration.pdf?lbisphpreq=1 |title= Considerations on the Chronology and History of 9th Century Cambodia by Dr. Karl-Heinz Golzio, Epigraphist - ...the realm called Zhenla by the Chinese. Their contents are not uniform but they do not contradict each other. | publisher= Khmer Studies |accessdate=5 July 2015 |archive-date=2015-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524140459/http://www.khmerstudies.org/download-files/publications/siksacakr/no2/consideration.pdf?lbisphpreq=1 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>

[[Kekaisaran Khmer]] berdiri pada awal abad ke-9. Sumber-sumber menyebut inisasi mistik dan upacara [[konsekrasi]] untuk mengklaim pengesahan politik oleh pendirinya [[Jayawarman II]] di [[Phnom Kulen|Gunung Kulen]] (Gunung Mahendra) pada 802 Masehi.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Wolters |first=O. W. |date=1973 |title=Jayavarman II's Military Power: The Territorial Foundation of the Angkor Empire |journal=The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |publisher=Cambridge University Press |issue=1 |pages=21–30 |jstor=25203407}}</ref> Sebuah suksesi kedaulatan berpengaruh, yang melanjutkan tradisi [[kultus]] [[dewaraja]] [[Hindu]], memerintah sepanjang era klasik sipilisasi Khmer sampai abad ke-11. Sebuah dinasti baru yang berasal dari tingkat provinsi memperkenalkan [[agama Buddha]], yang menurut beberapa cendekiawan mengakibatkan penghancuran umum dan ketidaklanjutan agama kerajaan.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://studiesofasia.wikispaces.com/file/view/EDAS8003A+Assignment+1+Khmer+civilisation+at+Angkor.pdf |title= The emergence and ultimate decline of the Khmer Empire - Many scholars attribute the halt of the development of Angkor to the rise of Theravada...p.14 |date= | publisher= Studies Of Asia |accessdate=24 July 2016 |archive-date=2020-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620024207/https://studiesofasia.wikispaces.com/file/view/EDAS8003A+Assignment+1+Khmer+civilisation+at+Angkor.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> [[Daftar raja Kamboja|Kronologi kerajaan]] berakhir pada abad ke-12. Prestasi-prestasi besarnya dalam [[Administrasi (pemerintahan)|administrasi]], [[pertanian]], [[arsitektur]], [[hidrologi]], [[logistik]], [[perencanaan tata kota]] dan [[seni rupa]] merupakan testimoni pada sipilisasi kreatif dan progresif - dalam kompleksitas batu pijakan warisan kebudayaan Asia Tenggara.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ancient.eu/Khmer_Empire/ |title= Khmer Empire | publisher= The Ancient History Encyclopedia |date= |accessdate=7 July 2015}}</ref>

* [http://cambodia.ohchr.org/klc_pages/KLC_files/section_001/section_01_01_ENG.pdf Constitution of Cambodia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090810/http://cambodia.ohchr.org/klc_pages/KLC_files/section_001/section_01_01_ENG.pdf |date=2016-03-04 }}

* [http://www.virginialawreview.org/content/pdfs/90/893.pdf Crossroads in Cambodia: The United Nation´s responsibility to withdrawn involvement from the establishment of a Cambodian Tribunal to prosecute the Khmer Rouge]{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}