Papirus 49: Perbedaan antara revisi

The Greek text of this codex is a representative of the [[Alexandrian text-type]]. [[Kurt Aland|Aland]] ascribed it as “at least Normal text”, and placed it in [[Categories of New Testament manuscripts#Category I|Category I]].<ref name = Aland/> [[Bruce M. Metzger]] identifies it as Alexandrian text. According to Philip Comfort and David Barrett the manuscript shows a strong agreement with [[Codex Sinaiticus]] and [[Codex Vaticanus]] (in 14 out of 16 textual variants).<ref name = Comfort>{{Cite book | last = Comfort| first = Philip W. |author2 = David P. Barrett | title = The Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts | publisher = Tyndale House Publishers Incorporated | place = Wheaton, Illinois | year = 2001 | page = 355 | isbn = 978-0-8028-4098-1 }}</ref>▼

According to Comfort, <math>\mathfrak{P}</math>⁴⁹ and [[Papyrus 65|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math>⁶⁵]] came from the same manuscript.<ref>Philip W. Comfort, ''Encountering the Manuscripts. An Introduction to New Testament Paleography & Textual Criticism'', Nashville, Tennessee: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2005, p. 68-69.</ref> Both manuscripts have the same measurements, and the same number of lines per page. Both were written by a documentary hand, both manifest the same formation of certain letters, such as titled [[lambda]], titled [[sigma]], extended [[iota]], and toiled [[ypsilon]]. The [[nomina sacra]] and abbreviations are written in the same rather unusual way.<ref name = Comfort358/> Bradford Welles remarks that "there is not a single case of difference in the letter shapes in the two papyri".<ref name = Comfort358/> Neither use [[Typographic ligature|ligatures]].<ref name = Wachtel>Klaus Wachtel, Klaus Witte, [http://books.google.pl/books?id=gEzctvICPS0C&pg=RA1-PA1&lpg=RA1-PA1&dq= ''Das Neue Testament auf Papyrus: Gal., Eph., Phil., Kol., 1. u. 2. Thess., 1. u. 2 Tim., Tit., Phlm., Hebr''], Walter de Gruyter, 1994, p. LXI.</ref> The only difference is in the number of letters per line: <math>\mathfrak{P}</math>⁶⁵ has more letters per line (42).<ref name = Comfort358/> The same situation exists in [[Papyrus 75]]. The scribe of <math>\mathfrak{P}</math>⁷⁵ appears to have realized that he was running out of room in his codex and added three letters in each line and even added extra lines.<ref name = Comfort358/> The manuscript may be one of the earliest manuscripts to display a complete Pauline codex, along with [[Papyrus 13]], [[Papyrus 15]]/[[Papyrus 16]], [[Papyrus 30]], [[Papyrus 46]], and [[Papyrus 92]].<ref name = Comfort358/>▼

In Ephesians 4:23, <math>\mathfrak{P}</math>⁴⁹ has the rare textual reading {{lang|grc|εν τω πνευματι}} (''in spirit'') instead of the reading {{lang|grc|τω πνευματι}} (''spirit''). The reading of the codex is supported by Codex Vaticanus, [[minuscule 33]], 1175, [[Minuscule 1739|1739]], 1881 and several other manuscripts.<ref name = NA510>{{Cite book | last = K. Aland (ed.)| first = E. Nestle, | title = Novum Testamentum Graece (ed. 26)| publisher = Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft | place = Stuttgart | page = 510 | year = 1991}}</ref>▼

In Ephesians 4:28, it has the unusual textual reading ταις χερσιν το αγαθον, supported only by [[Papyrus 46|<math>\mathfrak{P}^{46}</math>]], second corrector of the Codex Sinaiticus, Codex Vaticanus, Old-Latin a, and vg^st. The rest of the manuscripts have the readings: το αγαθον ([[Codex Porphyrianus|Porphyrianus]], [[minuscule 6]], 33, 1739, 1881); το αγαθον ταις χερσιν ([[Codex Angelicus|Angelicus]], [[Codex Athous Lavrensis|Athous Lavrensis]], [[Minuscule 323|323]], [[Minuscule 326|326]], [[Minuscule 614|614]], [[Minuscule 630|630]], 945); το αγαθον ταις ιδιαις χερσιν ([[Codex Mosquensis I]], 2495); ταις ιδιαις χερσιν το αγαθον (Codex Sinaiticus, Alexandrinus, Codex Bezae, [[Codex Augiensis|Augiensis]], [[Codex Boernerianus|Boernerianus]], [[Minuscule 81|81]], [[Minuscule 104|104]], [[Minuscule 365|365]], 1175, 1241, 2464, [[Vulgata Clementina|vg^cl]]).<ref name = NA510/>▼

In Ephesians 5:4, it has the textual reading και (''and''), supported by <math>\mathfrak{P}^{46}</math>, first corrector of the Codex Sinaiticus (א¹), Codex Vaticanus, second corrector of the Codex Bezae, manuscripts of the [[Byzantine text-type|Byzantine textual tradition]], [[Peshitta]], Coptic manuscripts in Bohairic dialect; the other reading η (''or'') is supported by Codex Sinaiticus, Alexandrinus, Bezae, Augiensis, Boernerianus, Porphyrianus, minuscule 81, 104, 326, 365, 1175, 1241, 1739, 2464, Old-Latin manuscripts, syr^h, and Coptic manuscripts in Sahidic dialect.<ref name = NA511>{{Cite book | last = K. Aland (ed.)| first = E. Nestle, | title = Novum Testamentum Graece (ed. 26)| publisher = Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft | place = Stuttgart | page = 511 | year = 1991}}</ref>▼

== History ==▼

The handwriting of the manuscript displays many third-century features. Comfort dated the manuscript to the middle of the third century.<ref name = Comfort/> It is presently assigned to the third century on [[palaeography|palaeographic]] grounds by the [[Institute for New Testament Textual Research]] (INTF).<ref name = Aland/><ref name = INTF/> It was probably written in Egypt, but it cannot be assigned to any particular locality.<ref name = Hatch>W. H. P. Hatch & C. B. Welles, [http://www.jstor.org/pss/1508577 ''A Hitherto Unpublished Fragment of the Epistle to the Ephesians''], HTR 51 (1958), 33-37.</ref>▼

The manuscript was purchased in [[Cairo]] for [[Yale University]] in February 1931. Its provenance prior to Cairo is not known.<ref name = Comfort/> Currently it is housed at the [[Yale University Library]] (P. Yale 415) in [[New Haven]].<ref name = Aland/>▼

The text of the codex was published by [[William Hatch]] and Bradford Welles in 1958 (''editio princeps'').<ref name = Hatch/> Kurt Aland catalogued the manuscript on the list of the New Testament papyri under the number 49.<ref>{{Cite book▼

|last=Aland▼

|first=Kurt▼

|authorlink=Kurt Aland▼

|coauthors=[[Barbara Aland]]; Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.)▼

|title=The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism▼

|publisher=[[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company]]▼

|year=1995▼

|location=Grand Rapids▼

|page=74▼

|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=2pYDsAhUOxAC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false▼

|isbn=978-0-8028-4098-1}}</ref>▼

Susan Stephens gave a new and complete transcription of the codex in 1985.<ref name = Comfort/> Comfort and Barrett again gave a new reconstruction in 1999.<ref>{{Cite book | last = Comfort| first = Philip W. |author2 = David P. Barrett | title = The Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts | publisher = Tyndale House Publishers Incorporated | place = Wheaton, Illinois | year = 2001 | pages = 355–361 | isbn = 978-0-8028-4098-1 }}</ref>▼

Vittorio Bartoletti (1920–1990) was the first to note that Papyrus 49 and [[Papyrus 65]] were produced by the same scribe.<ref>Vittorio Bartoletti, ''Papiri greci e latini della Società Italiana'', vol. XIV, (1957), pp.&nbsp;5-7.</ref> This conclusion was confirmed by Bradford Welles, Comfort and Barrett, and other palaeographers.<ref name = Comfort358/> They are still catalogued as separate manuscripts on the [[INTF]]'s list.<ref name = INTF/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://intf.uni-muenster.de/vmr/NTVMR/ListeHandschriften.php?ObjID=10049|title= Liste Handschriften|publisher=Institute for New Testament Textual Research|accessdate=26 August 2011|location=Münster}}</ref>▼

== Text ==▼

[[File:Papyrus49reverso.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Page verso with text of Eph 4:31-5:13]]▼

[recto (Eph 4:16-25)]▼