|
| name = Papirus Yale 415
| sign =
| text = [[Surat Efesus]] [[Efesus 4|4]][[Efesus 5|-5]] †
| script = [[bahasa Yunani]]
| date = abad ke-3
| found = [[Mesir]]
| now at = Perpustakaan [[Yale University Library]]
| cite = W. H. P. Hatch and C. B. Welles, ''A Hitherto Unpublished Fragment of the Epistle to the Ephesians'', HTR LI (1958), pp. 33-37.
| size = 18 x 25 cm
| type = [[Teks Alexandria]]
| cat = I
}}
'''Papirus 49''' ({{lang-en|Papyrus 49}}; dalam [[naskah Alkitab#Gregory-Aland|penomoran Gregory-Aland]] diberi kode '''<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>49</sup>''') adalah sebuah [[naskah Alkitab|naskah]] [[papirus]] kuno berisi bagian [[Perjanjian Baru]] dari [[Alkitab]] [[Kristen]] dalam [[bahasa Yunani]]. Memuat potongan [[Surat Efesus]], yang terlestarikan hanya [[Efesus 4|4:16-29; 4:31]][[Efesus 5|-5:13]]. Berdasarkan [[paleografi]] diperkirakan naskah ini dibuat pada awal abad ke-3. Kemungkinan berasal dari satu manuskrip yang sama dengan [[Papirus 65]]. Diketemukan di Mesir, kemudian dibeli untuk Perpustakaan [[Yale University Library]]. Secara tekstual lebih dekat kepada [[Codex Sinaiticus]] dan [[Codex Vaticanus]]. Teks naskah ini telah dipublikasikan beberapa kali.
== Pemerian ==
Ukuran asli lembaran ini adalah 18 (tinggi) x 25 (lebar) cm.<ref name = Comfort358>{{Cite book | last = Comfort| first = Philip W. |author2 = David P. Barrett | title = The Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts | publisher = Tyndale House Publishers Incorporated | place = Wheaton, Illinois | year = 2001 | pages = 358 | isbn = 978-0-8028-4098-1 }}</ref> Lembaran ini rusak di bagian atasnya, dan enam baris teks terhilang. Saat ini ukuran lembarannya adalah 20.3 cm x 13.3 cm. Marjin bawah dan luar lebarnya 3 cm; marjin atas dan dalam ikut bagian yang hilang.<ref name = Hatch/>
Manuskrip ini hanya terlestarikan dalam keadaan terfragmentasi dan memuat teks Efesus 4:16-29; 4:31-5:13.<ref name = Aland>{{Cite book
|last=Aland
|first=Kurt
|authorlink=Kurt Aland
|coauthors=[[Barbara Aland]]; Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.)
|title=The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism
|publisher=[[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company]]
|year=1995
|location=Grand Rapids
|page=98
|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=2pYDsAhUOxAC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
|isbn=978-0-8028-4098-1}}</ref><ref name = INTF>{{Cite web|url=http://intf.uni-muenster.de/vmr/NTVMR/ListeHandschriften.php?ObjID=10049|title=Liste Handschriften|publisher=Institute for New Testament Textual Research|accessdate=23 January 2011|location=Münster}}</ref> Menurut [[Kurt Aland]], merupakan satu dari tiga naskah tertua dengan teks dari [[Surat Efesus]].<ref name = INTF>{{Cite web|url=http://intf.uni-muenster.de/vmr/NTVMR/ListeHandschriften.php|title=Liste Handschriften|publisher=Institute for New Testament Textual Research|accessdate=23 January 2011|location=Münster}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book
|last=Aland
|first=Kurt
|authorlink=Kurt Aland
|coauthors=[[Barbara Aland]]; Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.)
|title=The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism
|publisher=[[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company]]
|year=1995
|location=Grand Rapids
|page=85
|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=2pYDsAhUOxAC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
|isbn=978-0-8028-4098-1}}</ref>
Teks ini ditulis dalam satu kolom tiap halaman, yang terdiri dari 29 baris, dengan 38 huruf per baris (rata-rata).<ref name = Comfort358/> Tidak mengandung tanda baca nafas (spiritus asper, spiritus lenis) atau aksen. Satu-satunya tanda baca hanya "titik dua" (:). Huruf-hurufnya sedikit condong ke kanan; penulisan menunjukkan pengaruh gaya kursif.<ref name = Hatch/> Ditulis oleh seorang jurutulis profesional.<ref name = Comfort358/> Istilah [[nomina sacra]] ditulis dalam keadaan disingkat.<ref name = Comfort358/>
Naskah Yunani ini tergolong jenis [[Teks Alexandria]]. [[Kurt Aland|Aland]] menyebutnya "paling sedikit teks Normal" dan menempatkannya dalam [[Kategori Naskah Perjanjian Baru|Kategori I]].<ref name = Aland/> [[Bruce M. Metzger]] mengidentikasinya sebagai Teks Alexandria. Menurut Philip Comfort dan David Barrett naskah ini menunjukkan kesesuaian kuat dengan [[Codex Sinaiticus]] dan [[Codex Vaticanus]] (14 dari 16 varian tekstual).<ref name = Comfort>{{Cite book | last = Comfort| first = Philip W. |author2 = David P. Barrett | title = The Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts | publisher = Tyndale House Publishers Incorporated | place = Wheaton, Illinois | year = 2001 | page = 355 | isbn = 978-0-8028-4098-1 }}</ref>
<!--
According toMenurut Comfort, <math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>49</sup> anddan [[PapyrusPapirus 65|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>65</sup>]] cameberasal fromdari thenaskah sameyang manuscriptsama.<ref>Philip W. Comfort, ''Encountering the Manuscripts. An Introduction to New Testament Paleography & Textual Criticism'', Nashville, Tennessee: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2005, p. 68-69.</ref> BothKedua manuscriptsnaskah haveini thememiliki ukuran sameyang measurementssama, anddan thejumlah samebaris numbertiap ofhalaman linesyang per pagesama. BothKeduanya wereditulis writtentangan bydengan agaya documentary handdokumentari, bothmempunyai manifestbentuk thehuruf sametertentu formationyang of certain letterssama, such as titledmisalnya [[lambda]] ''title'', titled [[sigma]] ''title'', extended [[iota]] ''extended'', and toileddan [[ypsilon]] ''toiled''. TheIstilah [[nomina sacra]] anddan abbreviationssingkatannya areditulis written in thedengan samecara ratherkhas unusualyang waysama.<ref name = Comfort358/> Bradford Welles remarksmengamati thatbahwa "theretidak isada notsatu apun singleperbedaan caseantara ofbentuk-bentuk differencehuruf indalam thekedua letternaksah shapespapirus in the two papyriini".<ref name = Comfort358/> NeitherKeduanya usejuga tidak menggunakan [[Typographic ligature|ligaturesligatur]].<ref name = Wachtel>Klaus Wachtel, Klaus Witte, [http://books.google.pl/books?id=gEzctvICPS0C&pg=RA1-PA1&lpg=RA1-PA1&dq= ''Das Neue Testament auf Papyrus: Gal., Eph., Phil., Kol., 1. u. 2. Thess., 1. u. 2 Tim., Tit., Phlm., Hebr''], Walter de Gruyter, 1994, p. LXI.</ref> TheSatu-satunya onlyperbedaan differencehanya isjumlah inhuruf thedalam numbertiap of letters per linebaris: <math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>65</sup> hasmempunyai morelebih lettersbanyak perhuruf linedalam tiap baris (42), dibandingkan rata-rata 38 huruf tiap barisnya dalam naskah ini.<ref name = Comfort358/> TheSituasi sameyang situationserupa existsdijumpai inpada [[PapyrusPapirus 75]]. The scribe ofJurutulis <math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>75</sup> appearstampaknya tomenyadari havebahwa realizedia thatakan hesegera waskehabisan runningtempat outdalam oflembarannya roomsehingga inmenambah histiga codexhuruf anddalam addedsetiap threebarisnya lettersbahkan injuga eachmenambah linebaris-baris andtambahan evenpada addedsejumlah extra lineshalaman.<ref name = Comfort358/> TheNaskah manuscriptini maymungkin bemerupakan onemanuskrip oftertua theyang earliestmemuat manuscriptskumpulan tolengkap display[[Surat-surat a complete Pauline codexPaulus]], alongbersama-sama withdengan [[PapyrusPapirus 13]], [[PapyrusPapirus 15]]/[[PapyrusPapirus 16]], [[PapyrusPapirus 30]], [[PapyrusPapirus 46]], anddan [[PapyrusPapirus 92]].<ref name = Comfort358/>
== Varian Tekstual ==
InPada Ephesians{{Alkitab|Efesus 4:23}}, <math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>49</sup> hasmemuat thebacaan rareyang textualjarang readingdijumpai {{lang|grc|εν τω πνευματι}} (''indalam spiritroh'') insteadbukannya of the readingbacaan {{lang|grc|τω πνευματι}} (''spiritroh itu''). TheBacaan readingpada ofnaskah theini codexdidukung is supported byoleh [[Codex Vaticanus]], [[minuscule 33]], 1175, [[Minuscule 1739|1739]], 1881 anddan severalbeberapa othermanuskrip manuscriptslain.<ref name = NA510>{{Cite book | last = K. Aland (ed.)| first = E. Nestle, | title = Novum Testamentum Graece (ed. 26)| publisher = Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft | place = Stuttgart | page = 510 | year = 1991}}</ref>
InPada Ephesians{{Alkitab|Efesus 4:28 }}, it hasterdapat thebacaan unusualtidak textual readinglazim ταις χερσιν το αγαθον, supportedhanya onlydidukung byoleh [[ PapyrusPapirus 46|<math>\mathfrak{P}^{46}</math>]], secondkorektor corrector of thekedua [[Codex Sinaiticus ]], [[Codex Vaticanus ]], Old-Latin[[Vetus Latina]] a, anddan vg<sup>st</sup>. The rest of the manuscripts haveManuskrip-manuskrip thelainnya readingsmemuat: το αγαθον ([[Codex Porphyrianus|Porphyrianus]], [[minuscule 6]], 33, 1739, 1881); το αγαθον ταις χερσιν ([[Codex Angelicus|Angelicus]], [[Codex Athous Lavrensis|Athous Lavrensis]], [[Minuscule 323|323]], [[Minuscule 326|326]], [[Minuscule 614|614]], [[Minuscule 630|630]], 945); το αγαθον ταις ιδιαις χερσιν ([[Codex Mosquensis I]], 2495); ταις ιδιαις χερσιν το αγαθον (Codex Sinaiticus, Alexandrinus, Codex Bezae, [[Codex Augiensis|Augiensis]], [[Codex Boernerianus|Boernerianus]], [[Minuscule 81|81]], [[Minuscule 104|104]], [[Minuscule 365|365]], 1175, 1241, 2464, [[Vulgata Clementina|vg<sup>cl</sup>]]).<ref name = NA510/> ▼
InPada Ephesians{{Alkitab|Efesus 5:4 }}, it has the textual readingtertulis και ('' anddan''), supporteddidukung byoleh <math>\mathfrak{P}^{46}</math>, first correctorkorektor of thepertama [[Codex Sinaiticus ]] (א<sup>1</sup>), [[Codex Vaticanus ]], secondkorektor corrector of thekedua [[Codex Bezae ]], manuscriptsnaskah-naskah of thejenis [[ Byzantine text-type|Byzantine textualteks traditionBizantin]], [[ PeshittaPesyita]], Copticnaskah manuscriptsKoptik indalam Bohairicdialek dialectBohairik; thesedangkan otherbacaan readingdi naskah lain η ('' oratau'') isdidukung supported byoleh [[Codex Sinaiticus ]], Alexandrinus, Bezae, Augiensis, Boernerianus, Porphyrianus, minuscule 81, 104, 326, 365, 1175, 1241, 1739, 2464, Oldnaskah- Latinnaskah manuscripts[[Vetus Latina]], syr<sup>h</sup>, anddan Copticnaskah-naskah manuscriptsKoptik indalam Sahidicdialek dialectSahidik.<ref name = NA511>{{Cite book | last = K. Aland (ed.)| first = E. Nestle, | title = Novum Testamentum Graece (ed. 26)| publisher = Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft | place = Stuttgart | page = 511 | year = 1991}}</ref> ▼▲In Ephesians 4:28, it has the unusual textual reading ταις χερσιν το αγαθον, supported only by [[Papyrus 46|<math>\mathfrak{P}^{46}</math>]], second corrector of the Codex Sinaiticus, Codex Vaticanus, Old-Latin a, and vg<sup>st</sup>. The rest of the manuscripts have the readings: το αγαθον ([[Codex Porphyrianus|Porphyrianus]], [[minuscule 6]], 33, 1739, 1881); το αγαθον ταις χερσιν ([[Codex Angelicus|Angelicus]], [[Codex Athous Lavrensis|Athous Lavrensis]], [[Minuscule 323|323]], [[Minuscule 326|326]], [[Minuscule 614|614]], [[Minuscule 630|630]], 945); το αγαθον ταις ιδιαις χερσιν ([[Codex Mosquensis I]], 2495); ταις ιδιαις χερσιν το αγαθον (Codex Sinaiticus, Alexandrinus, Codex Bezae, [[Codex Augiensis|Augiensis]], [[Codex Boernerianus|Boernerianus]], [[Minuscule 81|81]], [[Minuscule 104|104]], [[Minuscule 365|365]], 1175, 1241, 2464, [[Vulgata Clementina|vg<sup>cl</sup>]]).<ref name = NA510/>
Pada {{Alkitab|Efesus 5:5}}, tertulis ο εστιν (''(dia) yang adalah''), supported by the manuscripts: <math>\mathfrak{P}^{46}</math>, Sinaiticus, Vaticanus, Augiensis, Boernerianus, Athous Lavrensis, 33, 365, 1175, 1739, 1881, 2464, Old-Latin, Pesyita, naskah-naskah Koptik (Sahidik dan Bohairik); sedangkan bacaan lain ος εστιν (''(dia) yang adalah'') didukung oleh Codex Alexandrinus, Codex Bezae, dan naskah-naskah jenis [[teks Bizantin]].<ref name = NA511/>
▲In Ephesians 5:4, it has the textual reading και (''and''), supported by <math>\mathfrak{P}^{46}</math>, first corrector of the Codex Sinaiticus (א<sup>1</sup>), Codex Vaticanus, second corrector of the Codex Bezae, manuscripts of the [[Byzantine text-type|Byzantine textual tradition]], [[Peshitta]], Coptic manuscripts in Bohairic dialect; the other reading η (''or'') is supported by Codex Sinaiticus, Alexandrinus, Bezae, Augiensis, Boernerianus, Porphyrianus, minuscule 81, 104, 326, 365, 1175, 1241, 1739, 2464, Old-Latin manuscripts, syr<sup>h</sup>, and Coptic manuscripts in Sahidic dialect.<ref name = NA511>{{Cite book | last = K. Aland (ed.)| first = E. Nestle, | title = Novum Testamentum Graece (ed. 26)| publisher = Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft | place = Stuttgart | page = 511 | year = 1991}}</ref>
InPada Ephesians{{Alkitab|Efesus 5:59}}, it has the textual reading οtertulis εστινφωτος (''whoterang, iscahaya''), supporteddidukung byoleh theCodex manuscripts: <math>\mathfrak{P}^{46}</math>Sinaiticus, SinaiticusAlexandrinus, Vaticanus, Bezae, Augiensis, Boernerianus, AthousPorphyrianus, minuscule Lavrensis6, 33, 36581, 629, 1175<sup>c</sup>, 1739, 1881, 2464, Old-Latin,sejumlah PeshittaVetus Latina, CopticPesyita manuscriptsdan (Sahidicnaskah-naskah and Bohairic);Koptik. theBacaan other reading ος εστινπνευματος (''who isroh'') isditemukan supportedpada bynaskah-naskah Codex<math>\mathfrak{P}^{46}</math>, AlexandrinusD<sup>2</sup>, Codex BezaeΨ, andmayoritas manuscriptsnaskah-naskah ofjenis the[[teks ByzantineBizantin]] textualdan traditionsyr<sup>h</sup>.<ref name = NA511/>
In Ephesians 5:9, it has the textual reading φωτος (''light''), supported by Codex Sinaiticus, Alexandrinus, Vaticanus, Bezae, Augiensis, Boernerianus, Porphyrianus, minuscule 6, 33, 81, 629, 1175<sup>c</sup>, 1739, 1881, 2464, some Old-Latin manuscripts, Peshitta and Coptic manuscripts. The reading πνευματος (''spirit'') is found in the manuscripts <math>\mathfrak{P}^{46}</math>, D<sup>2</sup>, Ψ, majority of the Byzantine manuscripts and syr<sup>h</sup>.<ref name = NA511/>
-->
== Sejarah ==
Gaya tulisan tangan naskah ini menunjukkan banyak ciri abad ke-3. Comfort memberi tarikh pertengahan abad ke-3.<ref name = Comfort/> Sekarang diberi tarikh abad ke-3 berdasarkan [[paleografi]] oleh [[Institute for New Testament Textual Research]] (INTF).<ref name = Aland/><ref name = INTF/> Kemungkinan dibuat di Mesir, tetapi tidak dapat dipastikan tempatnya.<ref name = Hatch>W. H. P. Hatch & C. B. Welles, [http://www.jstor.org/pss/1508577 ''A Hitherto Unpublished Fragment of the Epistle to the Ephesians''], HTR 51 (1958), 33-37.</ref>
Naskah ini dibeli di [[Kairo]] untuk [[Yale University]] pada bulan Februari 1931. Asal mulanya sebelum Kairo tidak diketahui.<ref name = Comfort/> Saat ini disimpan pada Perpustakaan [[Yale University Library]] (P. Yale 415) di [[New Haven]], [[Amerika Serikat]].<ref name = Aland/>
Teks codex dipublikasikan oleh [[William Hatch]] dan Bradford Welles pada tahun 1958 (''editio princeps'').<ref name = Hatch/> Kurt Aland memasukkan naskah ini ke dalam daftar katalog Papirus [[Perjanjian Baru]] dengan nomor 49.<ref>{{Cite book
|last=Aland
|first=Kurt
|authorlink=Kurt Aland
|coauthors=[[Barbara Aland]]; Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.)
|title=The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism
|publisher=[[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company]]
|year=1995
|location=Grand Rapids
|page=74
|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=2pYDsAhUOxAC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
|isbn=978-0-8028-4098-1}}</ref>
Susan Stephens gavemembuat atranskrip newyang andbaru completedan transcriptionlengkap ofdari thenaskah ini codexpada intahun 1985.<ref name = Comfort/> Comfort anddan Barrett againmembuat gaverekonstruksi abaru newpada reconstruction intahun 1999.<ref>{{Cite book | last = Comfort| first = Philip W. |author2 = David P. Barrett | title = The Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts | publisher = Tyndale House Publishers Incorporated | place = Wheaton, Illinois | year = 2001 | pages = 355–361 | isbn = 978-0-8028-4098-1 }}</ref>
Vittorio Bartoletti (1920–1990) wasadalah theorang firstpertama toyang notemengamati thatbahwa PapyrusPapirus 49 anddan [[ PapyrusPapirus 65]] weredihasilkan producedoleh byjurutulis theyang same scribesama.<ref>Vittorio Bartoletti, ''Papiri greci e latini della Società Italiana'', vol. XIV, (1957), pp. 5-7.</ref> ThisKesimpulan conclusionini wasdikuatkan confirmed byoleh Bradford Welles, Comfort anddan Barrett, andserta otherpaleografer palaeographerslainnya.<ref name = Comfort358/> TheyKedua arenaskah stillini cataloguedmasih asdikatalogkan separatesebagai manuscriptsnaskah onterpisah thepada daftar [[INTF]] 's list.<ref name = INTF/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://intf.uni-muenster.de/vmr/NTVMR/ListeHandschriften.php?ObjID=10049|title= Liste Handschriften|publisher=Institute for New Testament Textual Research|accessdate=26 August 2011|location=Münster}}</ref> ▼
▲Vittorio Bartoletti (1920–1990) was the first to note that Papyrus 49 and [[Papyrus 65]] were produced by the same scribe.<ref>Vittorio Bartoletti, ''Papiri greci e latini della Società Italiana'', vol. XIV, (1957), pp. 5-7.</ref> This conclusion was confirmed by Bradford Welles, Comfort and Barrett, and other palaeographers.<ref name = Comfort358/> They are still catalogued as separate manuscripts on the [[INTF]]'s list.<ref name = INTF/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://intf.uni-muenster.de/vmr/NTVMR/ListeHandschriften.php?ObjID=10049|title= Liste Handschriften|publisher=Institute for New Testament Textual Research|accessdate=26 August 2011|location=Münster}}</ref>
-->
== Teks ==
[[FileBerkas:Papyrus49reverso.jpg|thumbjmpl|rightka|200px|Halaman ''verso'' dengan teks Efesus 4:31-5:13]]
[recto (Efesus 4:16-25)]
: τα ελλεγχο[μ]ενα υπο του φωτος φανερ[ουται]
== Lihat pula ==
* [[Daftar Papirus Perjanjian Baru]]
* [[Surat Efesus]]: [[Efesus 4|pasal 4]] [[Efesus 5| dan 5]]
== Referensi ==
== Pustaka tambahan ==
* [[William Hatch|W. H. P. Hatch]] and C. Bradford Welles, [http://www.jstor.org/pss/1508577 ''A Hitherto Unpublished Fragment of the Epistle to the Ephesians''], [[Harvard Theological Review]] LI (1958), pp. 33–37.
* {{Cite book | last = Comfort| first = Philip W. |author2 = David P. Barrett | title = The Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts | publisher = Tyndale House Publishers Incorporated | place = Wheaton, Illinois | year = 2001 | pages = 355–361 | isbn = 978-0-8028-4098-1 }}
== Pranala luar ==
{{Commons}}
* [http://chrles.multiply.com/photos/album/79/Bible_Papyrus_p49#2 Image <math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>49</sup> recto] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714131737/http://chrles.multiply.com/photos/album/79/Bible_Papyrus_p49#2 |date=2011-07-14 }}
* [http://chrles.multiply.com/photos/album/79/Bible_Papyrus_p49#3 Image <math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>49</sup> verso] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714131737/http://chrles.multiply.com/photos/album/79/Bible_Papyrus_p49#3 |date=2011-07-14 }}
{{Naskah Papirus Perjanjian Baru}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Papirus 0049}}
[[Kategori:Surat Efesus]]
{{link GA|pl}}
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