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{{Infobox person
| name = John Whitehurst
| image = Whitehurst John by Wright of Derby.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = John Whitehurst dilukis oleh [[Joseph Wright]]
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 10 April 1713
| birth_place = [[Congleton]]
| death_date = 18 Februari 1788
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| residence = [[Cheshire]]
| other_names =
| known_for = ahli [[geologi]]
| education =
| employer =
| occupation = pembuat jam, ilmuwan
| title =
| salary =
| networth =
| height =
| weight =
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party =
| boards =
| religion =
| spouse = Elizabeth Gretton
| partner =
| children = tidak ada
| parents =
| relatives =
| signature =
| website =
| footnotes =
| nationality = {{BRI}}
}}
'''John Whitehurst''' [[Royal Society|FRS]] ({{lahirmati|[[Congleton]], [[Cheshire]], [[Inggris]]|10|4|1713|[[Inggris]]|18|2|1788}}), dari [[Cheshire]], [[Inggris]], adalah seorang pembuat jam dan ilmuwan, juga memberikan kontribusi awal yang cukup berjasa pada ilmu [[geologi]]. Ia adalah anggota berpengaruh di [[Lunar Society]].
Baris 44:
Sekitar 1736 Whitehurst memulai usaha sendiri di Derby, yang mana ia kemudian mendapat banyak pekerjaan, yang membedakan dirinya dari yang lain dengan membuat peralatan mekanik yang berbeda. Berbeda dengan pekerjaan lainnya ia membuat jam untuk balai kota, dan sebagai penghargaan ia mendapat gelar "burgess" pada 6 September 1737. Ia juga membuat [[termometer]], [[barometer]], dan beberapa peralatan ilmu pengetahuan lainnya, serta ia amat tertarik merancang peralatan yang berhubungan dengan air. Di hampir semua pekerjaan khusus di Derbyshire ia nyaris selalu terlibat sebagai konsultan, terutama terkait pekerjaan yang memerlukan keahlian [[mekanika]], [[pneumatik]], dan [[hidraulik]].
 
Tahun 1774, Whitehurst mendapatkan posisi di [[Royal Mint]], [[London]]. Tahun 1775, pada proses pembuatan pengamanan yang lebih baik untuk uang koin emas, tanpa ada halangan ia ditunjuk untuk pembuatan mesin pencetak uang atas rekomendasi Adipati Newcastle.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web | title = Industrial Revolution: A Documentary History | url = http://www.adam-matthew-publications.co.uk/digital_guides/industrial_revolution/brief%20chronology.aspx | accessdate = 2008-04-25 |archive-date = 2010-03-27 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100327164500/http://www.adam-matthew-publications.co.uk/digital_guides/industrial_revolution/brief%20chronology.aspx |dead-url = yes }}</ref> Whitehurst pindah ke London, dimanadi mana sisa hidupnya dilewati untuk mengejar ilmu pengetahuan, dan dimanadi mana rumahnya di Colt Court, Fleet Street (sebelumnya menjadi tempat tinggal [[James Ferguson (1710–1776)|James Ferguson]]) sering dikunjungi ilmuwan-ilmuwan terkenal.
 
Tahun 1778 Whitehurst mempublikasikan teori tentang strata geologi di ''Sebuah Penelitian dalam Bentuk Asli dan Formasi Bumi'' (''An Inquiry into the Original State and Formation of the Earth''). Rencana semula untuk pekerjaan ini, yang sudah mulai dilakukan sejak ia tinggal di Derby, adalah untuk menyiapkan penemuan mineral berharga di bawah permukaan Bumi. Ia mengupayakan risetnya dengan terlalu bersemangat sehingga mempengaruhi kesehatannya.
Baris 52:
9 Januari 1745 Whitehurst menikah dengan Elizabeth Gretton, putri dari George Gretton, rektor dari Trusley dan Dalbury di Derbyshire. Setelah Whitehurst meninggal tahun 1788 di rumahnya di Bolt Court, Fleet Street, ia dimakamkan disamping makam istrinya di St. Andrew's di pemakaman Gray's Inn Koad. Mereka tidak memiliki keturunan.
 
Diperkirakan Whitehurst menjadi model pada lukisan [[Joseph Wright]] tentang filsuf yang mempelajari [[A Philosopher Lecturing on the Orrery|orrery]].<ref>{{en}} [http://www.bygonederbyshire.co.uk/stories/8203-1700s-patriot-links-Derby/article-1737506-detail/article.html Bygonederbyshire.co.uk:1700s: US patriot and his links to Derby]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} diakses 29 Mei 2011</ref>
 
== Tulisan pilihan ==
 
* {{en}} {{cite book | author = Whitehurst, John | title = An Inquiry into the Original State and Formation of the Earth | year = 1778 | publisher = J. Cooper | location = London | url = http://www.search.revolutionaryplayers.org.uk/engine/resource/exhibition/standard/default.asp?resource=1645 | isbn = 0405104650|access-date = 2011-05-27|archive-date = 2011-07-24|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110724091457/http://www.search.revolutionaryplayers.org.uk/engine/resource/exhibition/standard/default.asp?resource=1645|dead-url = yes}}
* {{en}} {{cite book | author = Whitehurst, John | title = An Attempt Towards Obtaining Invariable Measures of Length, Capacity, and Weight, From the Mensuration of Time, Independent of the Mechanical Operations Requisite to Ascertain the Center of Oscillation, or the True Length of Pendulums | year = 1787| publisher = W. Bent | location = London}}
 
== Referensi ==
Baris 62 ⟶ 63:
 
== Bacaan selanjutnya ==
 
* {{en}} {{cite book | author = Craven, Maxwell | title = John Whitehurst of Derby: Clockmaker and Scientist 1713-88 | year = 1996 | publisher = Ashbourne | location = Derbyshire | isbn = 0952327031}}
* {{en}} {{cite journal book| author = FordCraven, Trevor D. Maxwell| title = John Whitehurst (1713–1788)of Derby: Philosopher, Geologist, HorologistClockmaker and EngineerScientist 1713-88| journal = Geology Today | year = 2002 1996| volumepublisher = 18 Ashbourne| pageslocation = 100&ndash;107 Derbyshire| doi = 10.1046/j.1365-2451.2002.00342.x | issueisbn =3 0952327031}}
* {{en}} {{cite journal | author = GracianoFord, AndrewTrevor D. | title = "The Book of Nature is Open toJohn AllWhitehurst Men"(1713–1788): GeologyPhilosopher, Geologist, MiningHorologist and History in Joseph Wright’s Derbyshire LandscapesEngineer | journal = TheGeology Huntington Library QuarterlyToday | year = 20052002 | volume = 6818 | pages = 583–600100–107 | url = http://caliber.ucpress.net/doi/abs/10.1525/hlq.2005.68.4.583 | doi = 10.15251046/hlqj.20051365-2451.682002.400342.583x | issue =3 4}}
* {{en}} {{cite journal |author = Graciano, Andrew |title = "The Book of Nature is Open to All Men": Geology, Mining and History in Joseph Wright’s Derbyshire Landscapes |journal = The Huntington Library Quarterly |year = 2005 |volume = 68 |pages = 583–600 |url = http://caliber.ucpress.net/doi/abs/10.1525/hlq.2005.68.4.583 |doi = 10.1525/hlq.2005.68.4.583 |issue = 4 |access-date = 2011-05-27 |archive-date = 2012-02-15 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120215203112/http://caliber.ucpress.net/doi/abs/10.1525/hlq.2005.68.4.583 |dead-url = yes }}
* {{en}} {{cite book | author = Graciano, Andrew | title = Visualising the Unseen, Imagining the Unknown, Perfecting the Natural: Art and Science in the 18th and 19th Centuries | year = 2008 | publisher = Cambridge Scholars Publishing | isbn = 1847185428}}
* {{en}} {{cite book | author = HuttonGraciano, C. Andrew| title = Visualising Thethe WorksUnseen, ofImagining Johnthe WhitehurstUnknown, F.R.S.,Perfecting withthe MemoirsNatural: ofArt hisand LifeScience in the 18th and Writings19th Centuries| locationyear = London 2008|publisher = W.Cambridge BentScholars Publishing| yearisbn = 17921847185428}} - [http://openlibrary.org/b/OL6534792M/works-of-John-Whitehurst%2C-F.R.S. Table of contents]
* {{en}} {{cite book|author = Hutton, C.|title = The Works of John Whitehurst, F.R.S., with Memoirs of his Life and Writings|location = London|publisher = W. Bent|year = 1792}} - [http://openlibrary.org/b/OL6534792M/works-of-John-Whitehurst%2C-F.R.S. Table of contents]
 
== Pranala luar ==
 
* {{en}} {{cite web | author = Dick, Malcolm | title = John Whitehurst: Clockmaker, Engineer and Geologist | url = http://www.search.revolutionaryplayers.org.uk/engine/resource/default.asp?theme=56&originator=%2Fengine%2Ftheme%2Fdefault%2Easp&page=&records=&direction=&pointer=166&text=0&resource=3722 | accessdate = 2008-04-25 |archive-date = 2011-07-24 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110724091511/http://www.search.revolutionaryplayers.org.uk/engine/resource/default.asp?theme=56&originator=%2Fengine%2Ftheme%2Fdefault.asp&page=&records=&direction=&pointer=166&text=0&resource=3722 |dead-url = yes }}
 
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Whitehurst, John}}
[[Kategori:Ahli geologiGeolog Inggris]]
[[Kategori:Koleksi Museum dan Galeri Seni Derby]]
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