Organoid: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Organoid''' adalah versi miniatur dan sederhana dari sebuah [[Organ (anatomi)|organ]], yang diproduksi [[In vitro|di laboratorium]] dan memiliki bentuk tiga dimensi dan anatomi yang mirip organ sungguhan. Organoid dibuat dari satu atau sejumlah sel dari suatu [[jaringan]], dari [[sel punca embrionik]] atau dari [[sel induk pluripoten diinduksi]] (iPS), yang dapat dengan spontan membentuk susunan tiga dimensi karena kapasitas sel-sel tersebut membelah diri serta melakukan [[Diferensiasi sel|diferensiasi]]. Teknologi penumbuhan organoid telah mengalami banyak kemajuan sejak awal 2010an dan disebut majalah ''[[The Scientist (majalah)|The Scientist]]'' sebagai salah satu kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan terbesar pada tahun 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/38747/title/2013-s-Big-Advances-in-Science/|title=2013's Big Advances in Science|last=Grens|first=Kerry|date=December 24, 2013|website=[[The Scientist (magazine)|The Scientist]]|access-date=26 December 2013|name-list-format=vanc}}</ref> Organoid digunakan para ilmuwan untuk meneliti penyakit dan pengobatannya di laboratorium.

* Organoid [[ginjal]]<ref name="sciencedirect.com">{{cite journal | vauthors = Unbekandt M, Davies JA | title = Dissociation of embryonic kidneys followed by reaggregation allows the formation of renal tissues | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_kidney-international_2010-03_77_5/page/407 | journal = Kidney International | volume = 77 | issue = 5 | pages = 407–16 | date = March 2010 | pmid = 20016472 | doi = 10.1038/ki.2009.482 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|display-authors=6|date=October 2015|title=Kidney organoids from human iPS cells contain multiple lineages and model human nephrogenesis|journal=Nature|volume=526|issue=7574|pages=564–8|bibcode=2015Natur.526..564T|doi=10.1038/nature15695|pmid=26444236|vauthors=Takasato M, Er PX, Chiu HS, Maier B, Baillie GJ, Ferguson C, Parton RG, Wolvetang EJ, Roost MS, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM, Little MH}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite journal | vauthors = Freedman BS, Brooks CR, Lam AQ, Fu H, Morizane R, Agrawal V, Saad AF, Li MK, Hughes MR, Werff RV, Peters DT, Lu J, Baccei A, Siedlecki AM, Valerius MT, Musunuru K, McNagny KM, Steinman TI, Zhou J, Lerou PH, Bonventre JV | display-authors = 6 | title = Modelling kidney disease with CRISPR-mutant kidney organoids derived from human pluripotent epiblast spheroids | journal = Nature Communications | volume = 6 | pages = 8715 | date = October 2015 | pmid = 26493500 | pmc = 4620584 | doi = 10.1038/ncomms9715 | bibcode = 2015NatCo...6E8715F }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|date=November 2015|title=Nephron organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells model kidney development and injury|journal=Nature Biotechnology|volume=33|issue=11|pages=1193–200|doi=10.1038/nbt.3392|pmc=4747858|pmid=26458176|vauthors=Morizane R, Lam AQ, Freedman BS, Kishi S, Valerius MT, Bonventre JV}}</ref>

* [[Gastruloid]] (Organoid embrionik)<ref>{{cite journal|display-authors=6|date=November 2014|title=Symmetry breaking, germ layer specification and axial organisation in aggregates of mouse embryonic stem cells|journal=Development|volume=141|issue=22|pages=4231–42|doi=10.1242/dev.113001|pmc=4302915|pmid=25371360|vauthors=van den Brink SC, Baillie-Johnson P, Balayo T, Hadjantonakis AK, Nowotschin S, Turner DA, Martinez Arias A}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|date=February 2016|title=Organoids and the genetically encoded self-assembly of embryonic stem cells|journal=BioEssays|volume=38|issue=2|pages=181–91|doi=10.1002/bies.201500111|pmc=4737349|pmid=26666846|vauthors=Turner DA, Baillie-Johnson P, Martinez Arias A}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|display-authors=6|date=November 2017|title=Anteroposterior polarity and elongation in the absence of extra-embryonic tissues and of spatially localised signalling in gastruloids: mammalian embryonic organoids|journal=Development|volume=144|issue=21|pages=3894–3906|doi=10.1242/dev.150391|pmc=5702072|pmid=28951435|vauthors=Turner DA, Girgin M, Alonso-Crisostomo L, Trivedi V, Baillie-Johnson P, Glodowski CR, Hayward PC, Collignon J, Gustavsen C, Serup P, Steventon B, P Lutolf M, Arias AM}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite journal|display-authors=6|date=October 2018|title=Multi-axial self-organization properties of mouse embryonic stem cells into gastruloids|journal=Nature|language=En|volume=562|issue=7726|pages=272–276|bibcode=2018Natur.562..272B|doi=10.1038/s41586-018-0578-0|pmid=30283134|vauthors=Beccari L, Moris N, Girgin M, Turner DA, Baillie-Johnson P, Cossy AC, Lutolf MP, Duboule D, Arias AM}}</ref>