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Baris 1:
{{terjemah|Inggris}}
{{Cluster
| name = Messier 34
| image = [[FileBerkas:M34 2mass atlas.jpg|250px]]
|caption= [[2MASS]] Foto '''M34'''<br /> (diambil dengan inframerah)
| epoch = J2000.0
| class = I,3,m
| ra = {{RA|02|42.1}}<ref name="simbad">
{{cite web
| title=M 34 – Open (galactic) Cluster
| work=SIMBAD Astronomical Database
| publisher=[[Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg]]
| url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=M+34
| accessdate=2009-09-03
}}</ref>
| dec = {{DEC|+42|46}}<ref name="simbad" />
| constellation = [[Perseus (constellation)|Perseus]]<ref name="jones1991"/>
| dist_ly = 1,500 [[light year]]
| dist_pc = 470 [[parsec|pc]]<ref name="aj111"/>
| appmag_v = 5.5<ref name="jones1991"/>
| size_v = 35.0′<ref name="jones1991">
{{cite book
| first=Kenneth Glyn | last=Jones
| year=1991 | edition=2nd
| title=Messier's nebulae and star clusters
| work=The Practical Astronomy Handbook, Volume 2
| page=139
| publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]
| isbn=0-521-37079-5
}}</ref>
| mass_kg =
| mass_msol =
| radius_ly = 7 ly{{Citation needed|date=February 2007}}
| v_hb =
| age = 200–250 million years<ref name="aj111"/>
| notes =
| names = [[New General Catalogue|NGC]]&nbsp;1039, OCl&nbsp;382, C&nbsp;0238+425<ref name="simbad" />
}}
 
'''Messier 34''' (dikenal juga dengan '''M 34M34''' atau '''NGC 1039''') adalah sebuah [[gugus terbuka]] di daerah rasi bintang [[Perseus]]. Kemungkinan besar gugus ini ditemukan pertama kali oleh [[Giovanni Batista Hodierna]] sebelum tahun 1654<ref>{{cite web
{{cite web
| author=Frommert, Hartmut; Kronberg, Christine
| date=1998-02-08
| title=Hodierna's Deep Sky Observations
| url=http://www.astrored.net/messier/xtra/similar/hodierna.html
| accessdate=2009-09-03
| archive-date=2011-03-04
}}</ref> dan dimasukkan [[Charles Messier]] kedalam katalog "objek menyerupai komet"nya pada tahun 1764. Messier mendeskripsikan sebagai "gugus bintang-bintang kecil sedikit dibawah garis lintang γ (Andromeda). Dengan teleskop sederhana 3 feet sudah bisa mengamati masin-masing bintangnya."<ref name="jones1991"/>▼
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110304164822/http://astrored.net/messier/xtra/similar/hodierna.html
| dead-url=yes
▲ }}</ref> dan dimasukkan [[Charles Messier]] kedalam katalog "objek menyerupai komet"nya pada tahun 1764. Messier mendeskripsikan sebagai "gugus bintang-bintang kecil sedikit dibawahdi bawah garis lintang γ (Andromeda). Dengan teleskop sederhana 3 feet sudah bisa mengamati masin-masing bintangnya."<ref name="jones1991"/>
 
Berdasarkan [[jarak modulus]] 8.38, gugus ini terletak pada jarak 470 [[parsec]], atau 1,500 [[tahun cahaya]].<ref name="aj111"/> Untuk bintang dengan rentang dari 0.12 sampai 1.0 [[massa matahari]] ada sekitar 400 bintang di M34.<ref name="mnras370"/> Membentang sekitar 35' jika di hitung radius aktualnya menjadi 7 [[tahun cahaya]]. Gugus ini hanya bisa dilihat dengan mata telanjang jika kondisi langit sangat gelap.<ref name="jones1991"/>
<!--
Based on the [[distance modulus]] of 8.38, this cluster is located at a distance of about 470 parsecs, or 1,500 [[light year]]s.<ref name="aj111"/> For stars in the range from 0.12 to 1.0 [[solar mass]]es, M34 contains an estimated 400 members.<ref name="mnras370"/> It spans about 35' on the sky which translates to a true radius of 7 [[light year]]s.{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} The cluster is just visible to the naked eye in very dark conditions, well away from city lights. It is well seen in [[binoculars]].<ref name="jones1991"/>
 
Umur gugus ini diperkirakan antar 200 juta tahun - 250 juta tahun.<ref name="aj111">{{cite journal
The age of this cluster lies between the respective ages of the [[Pleiades (star cluster)|Pleiades]] open cluster at 100 million years and the [[Hyades (star cluster)|Hyades]] open cluster at 800 million years. Comparisons between the observed stellar spectra and the values predicted by stellar evolutionary models gives an age estimate of 200–250 million years for M34.<ref name="aj111">{{cite journal
| author=Jones, B. F.; Prosser, Charles F.
| year=1996
Baris 58:
| doi=10.1086/117865
| bibcode=1996AJ....111.1193J
}}</ref> ThisIni isadalah roughlymasa-masa thedi agemana atbintang whichdengan stars withmassa 0.5 [[solarmassa massmatahari]]es enter thememasuki [[mainderet sequenceutama]]. ByDengan comparison,membandingkan starsbintang likeseperti the[[matahari]] Sunmemasuki enter[[deret the main sequenceutama]] aftersetelah 30 millionjuta yearstahun.<ref name="mnras370">
{{cite journal
| author=Irwin, Jonathan ''et al''
Baris 69:
|arxiv = astro-ph/0605617 }}</ref>
 
== Referensi ==▼
The average proportion of elements with higher atomic numbers than helium is termed the [[metallicity]] by astronomers. This is expressed by the logarithm of the ratio of iron to hydrogen, compared to the same proportion in the Sun. For M34, the metallicity has a value of [Fe/H]&nbsp;=&nbsp;+0.07&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.04. This is equivalent to a 17% higher proportion of iron compared to the Sun. Other elements show a similar abundance, with the exception of nickel which is underabundant.<ref>
{{cite journal
| author=Schuler, Simon C. ''et al''
| year=2003
| title=Spectroscopic Abundances of Solar-Type Dwarfs in the Open Cluster M34 (NGC 1039)
| journal=[[Astronomical Journal]]
| volume=125 | issue=4 | pages=2085–2097
| doi=10.1086/373927
| bibcode=2003AJ....125.2085S
}}</ref>
 
At least 19 members of this cluster are [[white dwarf]]s. These are [[stellar remnant]]s of progenitor stars of up to eight [[solar mass]]es that have evolved through the [[main sequence]] and are no longer engaged in [[thermonuclear fusion]] to generate energy. 17 of the white dwarfs are of spectral type DA or DAZ, while one is a type DB and the last is a type DC.<ref>{{cite journal
| author=Rubin, Kate H. R.; Williams, Kurtis A.; Bolte, M.; Koester, Detlev
| year=2008
| title=The White Dwarf Population in NGC 1039 (M34) and the White Dwarf Initial-Final Mass Relation
| journal=[[Astronomical Journal]]
| volume=135 | issue=6 | pages=2163–2176
| doi=10.1088/0004-6256/135/6/2163
| bibcode=2008AJ....135.2163R
}}</ref>
-->
▲==Referensi==
{{reflist|2}}
 
== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.seds.org/messier/m/m034.html Messier 34, SEDS Messier pages]
* [http://www.waid-observatory.com/m034-2006-01-04.html Messier 34] Amateur Image by '' [http://www.waid-observatory.com Waid Observatory '']
 
 
{{Obyek Messier}}
{{Sky|02|42.1|00||42|46|00|1400}}
 
[[Kategori:Gugus bolaterbuka|Messier 034]]
[[Kategori:Objek Messier|034]]
[[Kategori:Objek NGC|Messier 034]]
 
[[ar:مسييه 34]]
[[az:NGC 1039]]
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[[it:M34 (astronomia)]]
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[[mg:NGC 1039]]
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[[ru:M 34 (рассеянное скопление)]]
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