Penyiksaan dan pelecehan tahanan Abu Ghraib: Perbedaan antara revisi

Selama tahap awal [[Perang Irak]], serdadu Angkatan Darat [[Amerika Serikat]] dan [[CIA]] melakukan serangkaian pelanggaran [[hak asasi manusia]] dan [[kejahatan perang]] terhadap tahanan di [[penjara Abu Ghraib]], [[Irak]]. Mereka terindikasi melakukan pelecehan fisik dan seksual, [[penyiksaan]], [[pemerkosaan]], [[sodomi]], dan pembunuhan terhadap [[Manadel al-Jamadi]].<ref name='New Yorker 2004-05-17'>{{cite news | first = Seymour M. | last = Hersh | title = Chain of Command | date = May 17, 2004 | url = https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2004/05/17/chain-of-command-2 | work = The New Yorker | access-date = September 13, 2011 | quote = NBC News later quoted U.S. military officials as saying that the unreleased photographs showed American soldiers 'severely beating an Iraqi prisoner nearly to death, having sex with a female Iraqi prisoner, and "acting inappropriately with a dead body." The officials said there also was a videotape, apparently shot by U.S. personnel, showing Iraqi guards raping young boys.' | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120101055751/http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2004/05/17/040517fa_fact2?currentPage=all | archive-date = January 1, 2012 }}</ref><ref name="Benjamin2009">{{Cite news|first=Mark|last=Benjamin |title=Taguba denies he's seen abuse photos suppressed by Obama: The general told a U.K. paper about images he saw investigating Abu Ghraib – not photos Obama wants kept secret.|url=https://www.salon.com/2009/05/30/taguba_2/|work=Salon.com|date=May 30, 2008|access-date=June 6, 2009|quote=The paper quoted Taguba as saying, 'These pictures show torture, abuse, rape and every indecency.'&nbsp;... The actual quote in the Telegraph was accurate, Taguba said – but he was referring to the hundreds of images he reviewed as an investigator of the abuse at Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090611145722/http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2009/05/30/taguba/ |archive-date= June 11, 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="hersh2007">{{cite news|quote=Taguba said that he saw "a video of a male American soldier in uniform sodomizing a female detainee"|first=Seymour Myron|last=Hersh|author-link=Seymour Hersh|title=The General's Report: how Antonio Taguba, who investigated the Abu Ghraib scandal, became one of its casualties.|url=https://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2007/06/25/070625fa_fact_hersh |work=The New Yorker|date=June 25, 2007|access-date=June 17, 2007|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070912104000/http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2007/06/25/070625fa_fact_hersh?printable=true|archive-date=September 12, 2007}}</ref><ref name="walsh2006">{{cite news|first=Joan |last=Walsh |author-link=Joan Walsh |author2=Michael Scherer |author3=Mark Benjamin |author4=Page Rockwell |author5=Jeanne Carstensen |author6=Mark Follman |author7=Page Rockwell |author8=Tracy Clark-Flory |title=Other government agencies |url=https://www.salon.com/2006/03/14/chapter_5/ |department=The Abu Ghraib files |work=[[Salon.com]] |date=March 14, 2006 |access-date=February 24, 2008 |quote=The Armed Forces Institute of Pathology later ruled al-Jamadi's death a homicide, caused by 'blunt force injuries to the torso complicated by compromised respiration.' |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080212035108/http://www.salon.com/news/abu_ghraib/2006/03/14/chapter_5/index.html |archive-date=February 12, 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pelanggaran tersebut menjadi perhatian publik setelah publikasi foto-foto pelecehan oleh [[CBS News]] pada bulan April 2004. Insiden tersebut menyebabkan kejutan dan kemarahan publik, serta menuai kecaman luas, baik di [[Amerika Serikat]] maupun dunia internasional.<ref name="Sontag">{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/23/magazine/regarding-the-torture-of-others.html | work=[[The New York Times Magazine]] | title=Regarding The Torture Of Others | date=May 23, 2004 | first=Susan | last=Sontag | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902101726/http://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/23/magazine/regarding-the-torture-of-others.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm | archive-date=September 2, 2017 }}</ref>

 

 

==Referensi==

===Sumber===

*{{cite book|last1=Seymour M. Hersh|title=Chain of Command: The Road from 9/11 to Abu Ghraib|date=2004|publisher=Harper Collins|location=New York|isbn=0-06-019591-6|url=https://archive.org/details/chainofcommandroher00hers}}

*{{cite book|last = McChrystal|first = Stanley A.|author-link = Stanley A. McChrystal|year = 2013|title = My share of the task: A memoir|publisher = Penguin|isbn = 978-1-59184-475-4|url-access = registration|url = https://archive.org/details/myshareoftaskmem0000mcch}}

*{{cite book|last1=Greenberg|first1=Karen J.|last2=Dretel|first2=Joshua L.|title=The Torture Papers: The Road to Abu Ghraib|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2005|isbn=9780521853248|url=https://archive.org/details/torturepapersroa00gree_0}}