William Paley: Perbedaan antara revisi

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'''William Paley''' (Juli1743– 1743&nbsp;–1805 25M) Meiadalah 1805)seorang filsuf di [[dunia Barat]] yang mendukung [[argumen teleologis]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Nuruddin|first=Muhammad|date=2021|title=Hal-Hal yang Membingungkan Seputar Tuhan|location=Depok|publisher=Keira|isbn=978-623-7754-64-0|pages=35|url-status=live}}</ref> Ia merupakan seorang [[rohaniwan]], [[apologetik Kristen|apolog Kristen]], filsuf, dan [[utilitarianisme|utilitarian]] berkebangsaan [[Inggris]]. Ia paling dikenal karena [[eksposisi]] [[teologi alam]]-nya dari [[argumen teologi]] mengenai [[keberadaan Tuhan]] pada karyanya ''[[Natural Theology or Evidences of the Existence and Attributes of the Deity|Natural Theology: or, Evidences of the Existence and Attributes of the Deity]]'', yang membuat penggunaan [[analogi tukang jam]].
 
== Kehidupan ==
Paley lahir di [[Peterborough]], Inggris, dan dididik di [[Sekolah Giggleswick]]. Ayahnya merupakan [[kepala sekolah]], dan di [[Christ's College, Cambridge]].
 
==Karya Pemikiran ==
 
=== Utilitarianisme ===
William Paley merupakan seorang [[pendeta]] di [[gereja Inggris]]. Ia berpendapat bahwa kehendak Tuhan dapat dipahami dengan menggunakan paham [[utilitarianisme]]. Asas dasar yang ditetapkannya ialah manusia harus bertindak dengan cara yang terbaik dengan hasil yang mampu meningkatkan [[kebahagiaan]]. Pendapat ini didasarinya oleh pandangan bahwa Tuhan bersifat maha pemurah. Waley memiliki pemikiran yang radikal. Ia menolak diadakannya [[perbudakan]] dan memberlakukan [[konservatisme]] dalam hal [[kepemilikan]]. Ia meyakini bahwa hukum kepemilikan adalah cara terbaik untuk memperkenalkan konsep mengenai kebahagiaan.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Efendi, A., dan Susanti, D. O.|date=2021|url=http://repository.unej.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/105271/FH-Buku_Dyah%20O_Ilmu%20Hukum.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|title=Ilmu Hukum|location=Jakarta|publisher=Kencana|pages=164|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
== Karya ==
 
* ''The Principles of Moral and Political Philosophy'', 1785
* ''Horae Paulinae, or the Truth of the Scripture History of St Paul'', 1790
* ''View of the Evidences of Christianity'', 1794
* {{citation | author= Paley, William | year = 1809 | title =Natural Theology: or, Evidences of the Existence and Attributes of the Deity
| edition =ke-12 | publication-place = London | publisher = J. Faulder | url =http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=A142&viewtype=text&pageseq=1}}
 
== Referensi ==
<references />
{{reflist}}
 
== Bacaan tambahan ==
===Sumber===
* Brown, Colin. ''Miracles and the Critical Mind'', Paternoster, Exeter and William B. Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, 1984.
* Fyfe, A. 'Publishing and the classics: Paley's Natural Theology and the nineteenth-century scientific canon', ''Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science'', 33 (2002), 729–51.
* Brooke, John H. ''Science and Religion: Some Historical Perspectives'', Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1991.
* Clarke, M.L., ''Paley: Evidences for the Man'', University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 1974.
* Dodds, G. L. Paley, ''Wearside and Natural Theology'', Sunderland, 2003.
* Gilson, E., ''From Aristotle to Darwin and Back again: A Journey in Final Causality, Species, and Evolution'', John Lyon (trans), Notre Dame University Press, London 1984.
* Fyfe, A. 'Publishing and the classics: Paley's Natural Theology and the nineteenth-century scientific canon', ''Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science'', 33 (2002), 729–51.
* Gascoigne, J., 'Rise and Fall of British Newtonian Natural Theology', ''Science in Context'', 2 (1988), 219–256.
* Gillespie, N. C. 'Divine Design and the Industrial Revolution. William Paley's Abortive Reform of Natural Theology', Isis, 81 (1990), 214–229.
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* Topham, J. R. 'Science, natural theology, and evangelicalism in the early nineteenth century: [[Thomas Chalmers]] and the evidence controversy', in D. N. Livingstone, D. G. Hart and M. A. Knoll, ''Evangelicals and Science in Historical Perspective'' (Oxford: 1999), 142–174.
* Topham, J. R. 'Beyond the "Common Context": the Production and Reading of the Bridgewater Treatises', ''Isis'', 89 (1998), 233–62.
 
==Bacaan tambahan==
* Brown, Colin. ''Miracles and the Critical Mind'', Paternoster, Exeter and William B. Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, 1984.
* Brooke, John H. ''Science and Religion: Some Historical Perspectives'', Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1991.
* Clarke, M.L., ''Paley: Evidences for the Man'', University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 1974.
* Dodds, G. L. Paley, ''Wearside and Natural Theology'', Sunderland, 2003.
* Gilson, E., ''From Aristotle to Darwin and Back again: A Journey in Final Causality, Species, and Evolution'', John Lyon (trans), Notre Dame University Press, London 1984.
* Knight, David. ''Science and Spirituality: The Volatile Connection'', Routledge, London, 2004.
* LeMahieu, D.L. ''The Mind of William Paley'', Lincoln, Nebraska, 1976.
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* Von Sydow, M. 'Charles Darwin: A Christian undermining Christianity?', in David M. Knight and Matthew D. Eddy, ''Science and Beliefs: From Natural Philosophy to Natural Science'', Ashgate, Aldershot, 2005
 
== Pranala luar ==
* {{commons category inline}}
* {{wikiquote-inline}}
* {{wikisource author-inline}}
* {{gutenberg author|id=William_Paley|name=William Paley}}
* {{IEP|paley}}
* [http://williampaley.com William Paley.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706213754/http://www.williampaley.com/ |date=2020-07-06 }}
* [http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/paley.html Berkeley: Paley]
* [http://hss.fullerton.edu/philosophy/hof2.htm Excerpt from William Paley's 1802 book Natural Theology] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112114905/http://hss.fullerton.edu/philosophy/hof2.htm |date=2012-01-12 }}
* [http://naturaltheology.us/ Full text of William Paley's Natural Theology] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304073956/http://naturaltheology.us/ |date=2016-03-04 }}
 
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[[CategoryKategori:Kelahiran 1743]]
[[CategoryKategori:Kematian 1805]]