Wabah virus Ebola di Afrika Barat: Perbedaan antara revisi

|image = [[FileBerkas:2014 ebola virus epidemic in West Africa simplified.svg|370px]]

|date = Desember 2013&nbsp;– sekarangJuni 2016<ref name="Tracing Ebola's Breakout to an African 2-Year-Old">{{cite news |issn=0362-4331 |last1=Grady |first1=Denise |first2=Sheri |last2=Fink |title=Tracing Ebola's Breakout to an African 2-Year-Old |work=The New York Times |date=9 August 2014 |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/10/world/africa/tracing-ebolas-breakout-to-an-african-2-year-old.html |deadurl=no |accessdate=14 August 2014}}</ref>

'''Reported CasesKasus/Deathskematian dilaporkan'''<ref name=WHO20141029>{{cite web |url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/137376/1/roadmapsitrep_29Oct2014_eng.pdf?ua=1 |title=EBOLAEbola RESPONSEresponse ROADMAProadmap SITUATIONsituation REPORTon UPDATEreport update|publisher=World Health organization|date=29 Oktober 2014 |accessdate =1 November 2014}}</ref>

*''Catatan: CDC memperkirakan bahwa kasus-jumlah kasus aktual di Liberia, Sierra Leone, dan Guinea sebenarnya dua sampai tiga kali lebih tinggi dari angka resmi yang dilaporkan.<ref name="CDC Estimating future number of cases" />''</small><ref name="How many Ebola cases are there really?">{{cite web|url=http://news.sciencemag.org/health/2014/10/how-many-ebola-cases-are-there-really|title=How many Ebola cases are there really? |accessdate=26 Oktober 2014| date= 20 Oktober 2014}}</ref><ref name=WHO20141029>{{cite web |url= http://www.latimes.com/world/africa/la-fg-who-ebola-numbers-20141029-story.html|title=Reported Ebola cases jump to 13,703, WHO reports}}</ref>

{{!}} <!--Sierra Leone-->{{flagicon|SLE}} [[Wabah virus Ebola di Sierra Leone|Sierra Leone]] {{!}}{{!}} 5,338 {{!}}{{!}} 1,510 {{!}}{{!}} <small>27 Oktober 2014</small><ref name=WHO20141031 />

{{!}} <!--Guinea-->{{flagicon|GIN}} [[Wabah virus Ebola di Guinea|Guinea]] {{!}}{{!}} 1,667 {{!}}{{!}} 1,018 {{!}}{{!}} <small>27 Oktober 2014</small><ref name=WHO20141031 />

{{!}} <!--Spain-->{{flagicon|SPA}} [[Ebola virus disease cases in Spain|SpainSpanyol]] {{!}}{{!}} 1 {{!}}{{!}} 0 {{!}}{{!}} <small>27 Oktober 2014</small><ref name=WHO20141031 />

! Total !! 1326,567661 !! 411,951022 !! <small>{{As of |20142015|105|315|lc=n}}</small><ref name=WHO20141031 />

<!-- Per MOS:BOLDTITLE and WP:SBE, neither the article's title nor related text appears in bold. -->{{As of|2014}}, [[wabah]] [[penyakit virus Ebola]] (EVD) paling luas [[Daftar wabah Ebola|dalam sejarah]] berlangsung di sejumlah negara di [[Afrika Barat]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/resources/outbreak-table.html |title=Chronology of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever Outbreaks |publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |date=24 June 2014 |accessdate =25 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1409903?query=featured_home&|title=Ebola 2014 — New Challenges, New Global Response and Responsibility|publisher=The New England Journal of Medicine|accessdate=18 September 2014}}</ref> Wabah ini menewaskan banyak orang, dengan [[angka kematian]] yang dilaporkan mencapai 71%.<section begin=cfrref /><ref name="CDC">{{cite web | url=http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/hcp/clinician-information-us-healthcare-settings.html | title=Ebola (Ebola Virus Disease) | publisher=CDC | work=EbolaPenyakit virus diseaseEbola Informationdiformation for Clinicians in U.S. Healthcare Settings | accessdate=28 Oktober 2014}}</ref><ref name="EbolaPenyakit Virusvirus DiseaseEbola indi West Africa — The First 9 Months of the Epidemic and Forward Projections">{{cite web |url=http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1411100?query=featured_home |title=EbolaPenyakit Virusvirus DiseaseEbola indi West Africa — The First 9 Months of the Epidemic and Forward Projections |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |date=23 September 2014 |accessdate=23 September 2014 |author=WHO Ebola Response Team}}</ref><section end=cfrref /> Wabah ini berawal di [[Guinea]] pada bulan Desember 2013 dan kemudian menyebar ke [[Liberia]] dan [[Sierra Leone]].<ref name="Ebola Virus Disease in West Africa — The First 9 Months of the Epidemic and Forward Projections">{{cite web |url=http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1411100?query=featured_home |title=Ebola Virus Disease in West Africa — The First 9 Months of the Epidemic and Forward Projections |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |date=23 September 2014 |accessdate=23 September 2014 |author=WHO Ebola Response Team}}</ref> Wabah yang tidak terlalu luas, sekitar dua belas kasus, juga terjadi di [[Nigeria]], dan satu kasus di [[Senegal]]. Dua negara terakhir telah dinyatakan bebas wabah pada tanggal 20 Oktober 2014 setelah masa tunggu 42 hari.<ref name="Ebola_Outbreak_total_WHO_17_Oct">[http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/136645/1/roadmapupdate17Oct14_eng.pdf?ua=1 WHO: EBOLA RESPONSE ROADMAP UPDATE-17 October 2014]</ref><ref name="CDC Outbreak end in Nigeria and Senegal">{{cite web|title=Ebola outbreak is nearing possible end in Nigeria and Senegal|url=http://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2014/p0930-nigeria-ebola.html|website=CDC|accessdate=15 Oktober 2014|date=30 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/world/africa/la-fg-senegal-ebola-over-20141017-story.html|title=WHO declares Ebola over in Senegal|date=17 Oktober 2014|work=latimes.com|accessdate=17 Oktober 2014}}</ref> Infeksi sekunder terhadap tenaga medis terjadi di [[Amerika Serikat]] dan [[Spanyol]],<ref name=El_Mundo>{{cite web|title=Una enfermera que atendió al misionero fallecido García Viejo, contagiada de ébola|url=http://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2014/10/06/5432bb62e2704e347a8b4577.html?a=a733fe5654cd56f5e1d50d769a9b4204&t=1412616936|accessdate=2014-10-06|date=2014-10-06|publisher=El Mundo|language=Spanish}}</ref><ref name="Ebola_Outbreak_total_WHO_8_Oct">{{cite web |url=http:/>/apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/136020/1/roadmapsitrep_8Oct2014_eng.pdf?ua=1 |format= PDF|title= WHO: Ebola Outbreak Situation Report | accessdate=15 October 2014| date=8 October 2014}}</ref>meskipun tidak sampai menyebar lebih luas. Satu kasus juga terjadi di [[Mali]].<ref name="BBC News">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29750723|title=BBC News - Ebola crisis: Mali confirms first infection case|work=BBC News|accessdate=24 Oktober 2014}}</ref><ref name="ABC News">{{cite web|url=http://abcnews.go.com/Health/wireStory/threat-break-isolation-liberia-food-26399022|title=1st Ebola Case in W. African Nation of Mali|work=ABC News|accessdate=24 Oktober 2014}}</ref> Wabah Ebola yang tidak berhubungan dengan wabah utama juga tercatat di [[Republik Demokratik Kongo]].

<section begin=casesasof />{{As of|2014|10|29}}<section end=casesasof />, [[Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia]] (WHO) melaporkan telah terjadi sebanyak 13.567 kasus Ebola dan 4.922 kematian,<ref name="WHO20141022">{{cite web |url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/137091/1/roadmapsitrep22Oct2014_eng.pdf |accessdate=22 Oct 2014 |title=Ebola Response Roadmap Situation Report |date=22 Oct 2014 |author=WHO |work=who.int}}</ref> meskipun WHO yakin bahwa angka ini tidaklah pasti,<ref name="WHO 2014-08-22">{{cite web|url=http://www.afro.who.int/en/clusters-a-programmes/dpc/epidemic-a-pandemic-alert-and-response/outbreak-news/4260-ebola-virus-disease-west-africa-22-august-2014.html|title=Ebola virus disease, West Africa – update 22 August 2014|publisher=WHO|accessdate=18 September 2014|archive-date=2014-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140920193115/http://www.afro.who.int/en/clusters-a-programmes/dpc/epidemic-a-pandemic-alert-and-response/outbreak-news/4260-ebola-virus-disease-west-africa-22-august-2014.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> dengan jumlah tepatnya diduga tiga kali lebih tinggi dari kasus yang telah dilaporkan.<ref name="CDC Estimating future number of cases">{{cite web |url=http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su63e0923a1.htm?s_cid=su63e0923a1_w |title=Estimating the Future Number of Cases in the Ebola Epidemic — Liberia and Sierra Leone, 2014–2015 |publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |date=23 September 2014 |accessdate=24 September 2014 |author=Martin I. Meltzer, PhD, et al.}}</ref><ref name="Reuters">{{cite web | url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/10/22/us-health-ebola-who-idUSKCN0IB23220141022 | title=Official WHO Ebola toll near 5,.000 with true number nearer 15,.000 | publisher=Reuters | date=22 Oktober 2014 | accessdate=25 Oktober 2014 | author=Miles, Tom | archive-date=2014-10-24 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024205537/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/10/22/us-health-ebola-who-idUSKCN0IB23220141022 | dead-url=yes }}</ref> Asisten Direktur Jenderal WHO memperingatkan pada pertengahan Oktober bahwa kemungkinan ada sebanyak 10.000 kasus Ebola baru per minggu pada bulan Desember 2014.<ref name="HP New cases 10,000 per week">{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/10/14/who-ebola-cases_n_5982078.html|title=WHO: New Ebola Cases Could Be Up To 10,000 Per Week In 2 Months|date=14 Oktober 2014|work=The Huffington Post|accessdate=14 Oktober 2014}}</ref> Hampir semua kasus terjadi di tiga negara yang pertama kali diserang wabah.

Beberapa negara mengalami kesulitan dalam mengendalikan wabah ini.<ref name=sitrep_24Sept2014>{{cite web|title=Ebola Response Roadmap Situation Report|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/134771/1/roadmapsitrep_24Sept2014_eng.pdf?ua=1|publisher=World Heath Organisation|accessdate=25 September 2014|page=6}}</ref> Di beberapa wilayah, orang-orang menaruh kecurigaan terhadap pemerintah dan [[rumah sakit]], beberapa rumah sakit bahkan diserang oleh para pengunjuk rasa yang marah dan percaya bahwa wabah ini adalah ulah pemerintah atau menuduh rumah sakit bertanggung jawab atas penyebaran wabah. Kebanyakan wilayah yang terkena dampak serius merupakan wilayah miskin dengan akses terbatas terhadap sabun dan air bersih, yang diperlukan untuk membantu mengendalikan penyebaran penyakit.<ref>{{cite web|title=Runaway Doctors and Missing Supplies Cripple Care in Ebola-Hit Liberia|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/ebola-virus-outbreak/runaway-doctors-missing-supplies-cripple-care-ebola-hit-liberia-n220686|publisher=NBC news|accessdate=8 Oktober 2014}}</ref> Faktor lainnya termasuk ketergantungan pada [[pengobatan tradisional]] dan praktik budaya yang melibatkan kontak fisik dengan orang yang sudah meninggal, terutama kebiasaan-kebiasaan seperti [[memandikan jenazah|memandikan]] dan menciumi jenazah.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/ebola/11169843/Ebola-discoverer-Without-a-vaccine-Im-not-sure-we-can-stop-Ebola.html|title=Ebola discoverer: 'Without a vaccine I'm not sure we can stop Ebola'|publisher=Daily Telegraph|date=2014-10-18}}</ref><ref name="World Health Organisation">{{cite web |url=http://www.afro.who.int/en/clusters-a-programmes/dpc/epidemic-a-pandemic-alert-and-response/outbreak-news/4216-ebola-virus-disease-west-africa-3-july-2014.html |title=Ebola virus disease, West Africa – update 3 July 2014 |publisher=World Health Organisation |date=3 July 2014 |accessdate=4 July 2014 |archive-date=2014-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728210024/http://www.afro.who.int/en/clusters-a-programmes/dpc/epidemic-a-pandemic-alert-and-response/outbreak-news/4216-ebola-virus-disease-west-africa-3-july-2014.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="Global Post">{{cite web |url=http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/xinhua-news-agency/140527/8-ebola-suspects-freed-relatives-sierra-leone |title=8 Ebola suspects freed by relatives in Sierra Leone |work=Global Post |date=28 May 2014 |accessdate=21 June 2014 |archive-date=2014-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531084044/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/xinhua-news-agency/140527/8-ebola-suspects-freed-relatives-sierra-leone |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="Today Health">{{cite web |url=http://www.today.com/health/growing-ebola-outbreak-threatens-overwhelm-volunteers-2D79775266 |title=Growing Ebola Outbreak Threatens to Overwhelm Volunteers|publisher=Today Health|date=8 June 2014 |accessdate=21 June 2014}}</ref> Beberapa rumah sakit kekurangan pasokan medis dan kondisinya tidak memadai, sehingga meningkatkan risiko staf terserang virus tersebut. Pada bulan Agustus, WHO melaporkan bahwa sepuluh persen dari korban tewas adalah petugas kesehatan.<ref name="As Ebola Outbreak Surges, Health Officials Slam International 'Coalition of Inaction'">{{cite web |url=http://www.commondreams.org/news/2014/09/03/ebola-outbreak-surges-health-officials-slam-international-coalition-inaction |title=As Ebola Outbreak Surges, Health Officials Slam International 'Coalition of Inaction' |publisher=Common Dreams |work=As Ebola Outbreak Surges, Health Officials Slam International 'Coalition of Inaction' |date=3 September 2014 |accessdate=7 September 2014 |author=McCauley, Lauren}}</ref> Pada akhir Agustus, WHO melaporkan bahwa kehilangan begitu banyak petugas kesehatan telah menyebabkan semakin sulit untuk mengirimkan staf medis dari luar negeri.<ref name="WHO">{{cite web |url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/ebola/25-august-2014/en/ |title=Unprecedented number of medical staff infected with Ebola |publisher=WHO |work=Situation assessment |date=25 August 2014 |accessdate=27 August 2014}}</ref> Pada bulan September, WHO memperkirakan bahwa kemampuan negara untuk mengobati pasien Ebola tidak sebanding dengan jumlah tempat tidur yang tersedia. Pada akhir Oktober, banyak rumah sakit di wilayah yang terserang wabah tidak berfungsi atau ditutup, sehingga beberapa pakar kesehatan menyatakan bahwa ketidakmampuan untuk menyediakan kebutuhan medis dapat menyebabkan "jumlah korban tewas tambahan yang mungkin akan melampaui wabah itu sendiri".<ref name="The Independent">{{cite web | url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/ebola-outbreak-deaths-from-malaria-and-other-diseases-could-soar-while-africas-overstretched-healthcare-systems-fight-the-virus-expert-warns-9667362.html | title=Ebola outbreak: Deaths from malaria and other diseases could soar while Africa's over-stretched healthcare systems fight the virus, expert warns | publisher=The Independent | date=27 Oktober 2014 | accessdate=28 Oktober 2014 | author=Cooper, Charlie}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Farmer|first1=Paul|title=Diary|url=http://www.lrb.co.uk/v36/n20/paul-farmer/diary|accessdate=25 Oktober 2014|publisher=London Review of Books|date=23 Oktober 2014}}</ref>

Pada bulan September 2014, [[Médecins Sans Frontières]]/Doctors Without Borders (MSF), [[Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat|LSM]] terbesar yang bergiat di negara-negara terkena dampak, menjadi semakin kritis terhadap respons internasional. Pada tanggal 3 September, Presiden MSF berbicara mengenai kurangnya bantuan dari negara anggota [[Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]]. Ia menyatakan "Enam bulan dalam wabah Ebola terburuk sepanjang sejarah, dunia telah kehilangan semangat untuk memeranginya."<ref name="Ebola: the failures of the international outbreak response">{{cite web |url=http://www.msf.org/article/ebola-failures-international-outbreak-response |title=Ebola: the failures of the international outbreak response |publisher=Médecins Sans Frontières |date=29 August 2014 |accessdate=7 September 2014}}</ref> Juru bicara PBB mengungkapkan, "Mereka bisa menghentikan wabah Ebola di Afrika Barat dalam waktu 6 sampai 9 bulan, tetapi hanya jika menerapkan respons global yang besar."<ref name="UN senior leaders outline needs for global Ebola response " />&nbsp;<!-- the nbsp is one way to prevent an unexpected and unwanted paragraph break --> Direktur WHO, [[Margaret Chan]], menyebut wabah ini sebagai "wabah terbesar, paling kompleks dan paling parah yang pernah kami saksikan" dan menyatakan bahwa wabah "sedang berpacu dengan upaya pengendalian".<ref name="UN senior leaders outline needs for global Ebola response">{{cite web |url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2014/ebola-response-needs/en/ |title=UN senior leaders outline needs for global Ebola response |publisher=WHO |date=3 September 2014 |accessdate=7 September 2014 |author=news release}}</ref> Dalam pernyataannya tanggal 26 September, WHO mengatakan, "Wabah Ebola yang melanda bagian barat Afrika adalah keadaan darurat [[kesehatan masyarakat]] yang paling akut dan paling parah yang terjadi pada zaman modern."<ref name="Ebola situation assessment ">{{cite web |url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/ebola/26-september-2014/en/ |title=Experimental therapies: growing interest in the use of whole blood or plasma from recovered Ebola patients (convalescent therapies) |publisher=[[World Health Organization]] |date=26 September 2014 |accessdate=28 September 2014 |archive-date=2014-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140928143036/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/ebola/26-september-2014/en/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>{{Ebola virus disease epidemic}}

== Lihat jugapula ==

* [[Daftar wabah ebola]]

== Referensi ==

== Pranala luar ==

* {{cite web|url=http://www.afro.who.int/en/clusters-a-programmes/dpc/epidemic-a-pandemic-alert-and-response/outbreak-news.html|publisher=World Health Organization (WHO)|title=Outbreak Updates|access-date=2014-04-05|archive-date=2015-04-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424072105/http://www.afro.who.int/en/clusters-a-programmes/dpc/epidemic-a-pandemic-alert-and-response/outbreak-news.html|dead-url=yes}}.

* [http://www.ebolagrandchallenge.net/ Fighting Ebola: A Grand Challenge for Development] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160104132855/http://www.ebolagrandchallenge.net/ |date=2016-01-04 }} Platform to collect and distribute ideas to stop the Ebola epidemic

{{EbolaKKMMD}}

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[[CategoryKategori:Wabah medis tahun 2010-an]]

[[CategoryKategori:Wabah Ebola tahun 2014|*]]

[[CategoryKategori:MusibahBencana kesehatan tahun 2014]]

[[CategoryKategori:Afrika dalam tahun 2014]]

[[CategoryKategori:MusibahBencana kesehatan di Afrika]]