Penolak berdasarkan hati nurani: Perbedaan antara revisi
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'''Penolak berdasarkan hati nurani''' ({{lang-en|conscientious objector}}) adalah "orang yang mengklaim hak untuk menolak melakukan [[tugas militer]]"<ref>On July 30, 2001, explicit clarification of the [[International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights]] Article 18 was made in the United Nations [[Human Rights Committee]] general comment 22, Para. 11: {{cite web|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/FreedomReligion/Pages/IstandardsI3k.aspx|title=Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief. Framework for communications. Conscientious Objection|publisher=Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights|accessdate=2012-05-07|archive-date=2017-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926040943/http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/FreedomReligion/Pages/IstandardsI3k.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> atas dasar [[kebebasan pemikiran]], [[hati nurani]], atau [[kebebasan beragama|agama]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CCPR.aspx|title=International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights|accessdate=2008-05-15}}</ref>
Di beberapa negara, penolak berdasarkan hati nurani ditugaskan pada [[tugas sipil]] alternatif sebagai pengganti tugas militer atau wajib militer. Beberapa penolak berdasarkan hati nurani menganggap diri mereka sendiri sebagai [[pasifisme|pasifis]], [[non-intervensionisme|non-intervensionis]], [[nonresistensi|non-resistan]], [[prinsip non-agresi|non-agresionis]], [[anti-imperialisme|anti-imperialis]], [[antimiliteris]] atau tak bernegara secara filsafat (tak meyakini pengecapan negara).
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== Bacaan tambahan ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081229033706/http://www.apu.edu/theology/faculty/palexander/ Alexander, Paul], (2008),[http://www.cascadiapublishinghouse.com/ptw/ptw.htm ''Peace to War: Shifting Allegiances in the Assemblies of God]''. Telford, PA: Cascadia Publishing/Herald Press. A history and analysis of conscientious objection in the Assemblies of God, the largest Pentecostal denomination.
* Selective Service, "[https://www.sss.gov/consobj Conscientious Objection and Alternative Service: Who Qualifies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427014446/https://www.sss.gov/consobj |date=2017-04-27 }}"
* Bennett, Scott H. (2005). ''Army GI, Pacifist CO: The World War II Letters of Frank and Albert Dietrich'' (Fordham Univ. Press).
* Bennett, Scott H. (2003). ''Radical Pacifism: The War Resisters League and Gandhian Nonviolence in America, 1915–1963.'' (Syracuse Univ. Press).
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* Pannabecker, Samuel Floyd (1975), ''Open Doors: A History of the General Conference Mennonite Church'', Faith and Life Press. {{ISBN|0-87303-636-0}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080609013136/http://www.quaker.org.uk/Templates/Internal.asp?NodeID=90045 Quakers in Britain — Conscientious Objectors].
* {{cite book |last=Smith |first=C. Henry |title=Smith's Story of the Mennonites|url=https://archive.org/details/smithsstoryofmen0000smit |year=1981|publisher=Faith and Life Press |location=Newton, Kansas |isbn=0-87303-069-9| pages=
* [http://www.spartacus-educational.com/USApacifists.htm Spartacus Education Pacifism page].
* McNair, Donald (2008) ''A Pacifist at War: Military Memoirs of a Conscientious Objector in Palestine 1917–1918'' Anastasia Press, Much Hadham {{ISBN|978-0-9536396-1-8}}
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* [http://www.resisters.info/choice.html "Making a Choice: Conscientious Objection or Refusing to Register" (Resisters.info)]
* [http://www.ebco-beoc.eu/ The European Bureau for Conscientious Objection]
* [http://www.mcc.org/co Mennonite Central Committee's listing of resources for conscientious objection (US and Canada)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060515212649/http://www.mcc.org/co/ |date=2006-05-15 }}
* [http://www.ppu.org.uk/coproject/coprojectindex.html Refusing to Kill] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070105070722/http://www.ppu.org.uk/coproject/coprojectindex.html |date=2007-01-05 }}: conscientious objection and human rights in World War I. Peace Pledge Union, 2006.
* [http://www.libertymagazine.org/index.php?id=1636 Watch His Conscience: A Short History Of The Conscientious Objector. By Michael D. Peabody]
* [http://www.catholicpeacefellowship.org/nextpage.asp?m=2003 Catholic Peace Fellowship]
* [http://www.wri-irg.org/co/rtba/index.html The Right to Refuse to Bear Arms – the most authoritative recent world survey on provisions for conscientious objection to military service, by War Resisters' International]
* [http://www.wri-irg.org/books/co-guide-un.htm A Conscientious Objector's Guide to the UN Human Rights System]
* [http://www.tamera.org/index.php?id=558&L=0 You have no enemies. A Call for Conscientious Objection. By Dieter Duhm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100714095733/http://www.tamera.org/index.php?id=558&L=0 |date=2010-07-14 }}
* "[https://m.imdb.com/title/tt2119532/ Hacksaw Ridge]" A film about conscientious objector, Desmond T.Doss who received 'Medal of Honor' in WW2.
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