Frisii: Perbedaan antara revisi

Frisii merupakan salah satu suku-suku Jermanik yang menetap di wilayah pesisir [[Laut Utara]] setelah mereka mengalahkan bangsa [[Kelt]] pada abad ke-4 SM. Suku ini mengendalikan wilayah yang terbentang dari [[Bremen]] hingga [[Brugge]] modern. Mereka juga menaklukkan pulau-pulau kecil di pesisir Laut Utara. Pada abad ke-1 SM, suku Frisii berhasil menghentikan serangan [[Romawi]] dan mempertahankan kemerdekaan mereka.<ref>{{cite book | last = Minahan | first = James | title = One Europe, many nations : a historical dictionary of European national groups | url = https://archive.org/details/oneeuropemanynat0000mina | publisher = Greenwood Press | location = Westport, Conn | year = 2000 | page = [https://archive.org/details/oneeuropemanynat0000mina/page/264 264] | isbn = 9780313309847 }}</ref> Sebelum dimulainya [[Masa Migrasi]] pada tahun 300 M, suku Frisii dan suku [[Chauci]], [[suku Sachsen|Sachsen]] dan [[Angle]] menghuni pesisir Eropa daratan dari wilayah [[Zuiderzee|Zuyder Zee]] hingga [[Jutlandia]] selatan.<ref>{{Harvcolnb|Haywood|1999|pp=14}}, ''Dark Age Naval Power''. Haywood uses the term 'North German' to distinguish them from the 'Rhine Germans' (the Caninnefates, Batavians, and "Frankish" tribes).</ref> Suku-suku ini memiliki kebudayaan material yang sama, sehingga tidak dapat didefinisikan secara arkeologis.<ref>{{Harvcolnb|Haywood|1999|pp=17–19}}, ''Dark Age Naval Power''. Haywood cites Todd's ''The Northern Barbarians 100 BC&ndash;ADBC–AD 300'' (1987) for this conclusion.</ref> Mereka pada awalnya berbatasan dengan suku [[Ampsivarii]] yang tinggal di mulut Sungai Ems hingga sekitar tahun 58 M,<ref>{{Harvcolnb|Tacitus|117|pp=253–254}}, ''The Annals'', Bk XIII, Ch 55. Events of AD 54&ndash;5854–58. The Germans under [[Arminius]] had wiped out 3 Roman legions under [[Publius Quinctilius Varus|Varus]] at the [[Battle of the Teutoburg Forest]] in AD 9. The Ampsivarii had not supported the German cause and were ostracized as a result. Many years later, c. AD 58, the Chauci took the opportunity to expel them and occupy their land at the mouth of the [[Ems (river)|River Ems]].</ref><ref>{{Harvcolnb|Haywood|1999|pp=17–19}}, ''Dark Age Naval Power''. Haywood cites Tacitus as well as a number of other sources.</ref> tetapi kemudian suku Chauci mengusir suku Ampsivarii dan menjadi tetangga suku Frisii.

|title=The Roman Empire and Southern Scandinavia&ndash;aScandinavia–a Northern Connection! (PhD thesis)

|title=Runes Around the North Sea and on the Continent AD 150&ndash;700150–700; Texts and Contexts (PhD dissertation)

|url=http://dissertations.ub.rug.nl/FILES/faculties/arts/1997/j.h.looijenga/thesis.pdf}}. Looijenga cites Gerrets' ''The Anglo-Frisian Relationship Seen from an Archaeological Point of View'' (1995) for this contention.</ref> kemungkinan sebagai ''laeti'' yang tunduk kepada Romawi.