Misi Marshall: Perbedaan antara revisi

[[Berkas:Marshallmao.jpg|thumbjmpl|George C. Marshall bersama [[Mao Zedong|Mao]] di Yen'an.]]

== Latar belakang sejarah ==

[[Berkas:Three people for peace.jpg|thumbjmpl|rightka|250px|Komite Tiga, dari kiri, perwakilan Nasionalis [[Zhang Qun]], George C. Marshall, dan wakil Komunis [[Zhou Enlai]].]]

Sepanjang rentang waktu [[Perang Tiongkok-Jepang Kedua]] sebuah kebuntuan yang meresahkan telah muncul antara Komunis Tiongkok (PKT) dan Nasionalis Tiongkok (KMT), sementara sebelum perang, kedua belah pihak telah terlibat konflik terbuka satu sama lain. Selama periode itu banyak personel militer Amerika Serikat dan penulis swasta mengunjungi dan melaporkan Bagian Komunis Tiongkok. Pada tahun 1936, jurnalis internasional [[Edgar Snow]] melakukan perjalanan dan mewawancarai para anggota terkemuka Partai Komunis Tiongkok. Snow melaporkan bahwa Mao adalah seorang reformis daripada seorang revolusioner radikal,<ref>Brady p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZiZ7f0AZJXYC&dq=Brady+Making+Foreign+Serve+China&q=Red+Star+Over+China#v=snippet&q=Red%20Star%20Over%20China&f=false 47].</ref> dan banyak pembaca mendapat kesan bahwa komunis Tiongkok adalah "reformis agraria".<ref>Kenneth E. Shewmaker, "The "Agrarian Reformer" Myth," ''The China Quarterly'' 34 (1968): 66-81. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/651370]</ref> Pada tahun 1944 [[Misi Dixie]], Kolonel Amerika Serikat [[John Service]] mengunjungi Komunis dan memuji mereka, menyatakan bahwa mereka adalah reformis demokratis, menyamakan mereka dengan sosialis Eropa daripada Komunis Soviet dan menyatakan bahwa mereka lebih tidak korup dan kacau daripada kelompok Nasionalis.<ref>John Service, Report No. 5, 8 March 1944, to Commanding General Fwd. Ech., USAF – CBI, APO 879. "The Communist Policy Towards the Kuomintang." State Department, NARA, RG 59.</ref><ref>U.S. Congress. Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and the Other Internal Security Laws. ''The Amerasia Papers: A Clue to the Catastrophe of China''. Vol. 1 (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1970), 406 – 407.</ref><ref>"John Service, Report No. 5, 8 March 1944, to Commanding General Fwd. Ech., USAF – CBI, APO 879. "The Communist Policy Towards the Kuomintang." State Department, NARA, RG 59.</ref><ref>The full story of Marshall's mission is told by Daniel Kurtz-Phelan in ''The China Mission: George Marshall's Unfinished War'', W.W. Norton & Co., 2018. http://books.wwnorton.com/books/detail.aspx?ID=4294994542</ref>

Duta Besar Amerika SeriaktSerikat untuk Tiongkok [[Clarence Gauss]] merekomendasikan Amerika Serikat "menarik sumbat dan membiarkan seluruh Pemerintah Tiongkok mengalir ke saluran pembuangan". Jenderal [[Patrick Hurley]] menyatakan bahwa Komunis Tiongkok bukan komunis sejati. Komandan [[Teater Tiongkok Burma India]], [[Joseph Stilwell]] berulang kali menyatakan (bertentangan dengan statistik [[Internasionale Ketiga|Komintern]]) bahwa Komunis melakukan lebih daripada KMT, dan berusaha untuk memotong semua bantuan AS ke ChinaTiongkok.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Taylor |first1=Jay |title=Stilwell's The Generalissimo: Chiang Kai-shek and the Struggle for Modern China |date=209 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=0674054717 |page=297,298}}</ref><ref>Wesley Marvin Bagby, The Eagle-Dragon Alliance: America's Relations with China in World War II, p.96</ref>

== Lihat juga ==

* [[TeaterPalagan Tiongkok Burma India]]

== Catatan ==

== Bacaan lebih lanjut ==

* Homeyard, Illoyna. "Another Look at the Marshall Mission to China." ''Journal of American-East Asian Relations'' (1992): 191-217.; disagrees with Levine (1979); the mission was in fact an attempt to lay the groundwork for the establishment of a stable, democratic China. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/23613299 in JSTOR]

* Pogue, Forrest. ''George C. Marshall: Statesman 1945-1959'' (1987) pp 51–143. [http://www.marshallfoundation.org/Library/PogueCollection.htm online edition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510235644/http://www.marshallfoundation.org/library/poguecollection.htm |date=2013-05-10 }}

* Westad, Odd Arne. ''Decisive Encounters: The Chinese Civil War, 1946-1950'' (2003)

=== Sumber utama ===

* Marshall, George Catlett. ''The Papers of George Catlett Marshall. Vol. 5: "The Finest Soldier," January 1, 1945-January 7, 1947.'' Larry I. Bland and Sharon Ritenour Stevens, eds. Johns Hopkins U. Press, 2003. 822 pp.

* US Congress, House, Committee on International Relations. ''Selected Executive Session Hearings of the Committee, 1943-50'' (8 vols., Washington, 1976), Vol. VII: United States Policy in the Far East'' pt. 1 and Pt 2.

* [http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,859156,00.html The MacArthur Hearing: The China Mission] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130204081619/http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,859156,00.html |date=2013-02-04 }} Time Magazine article dated Monday, 21 May 1951. General Marshall responds to questions about the China Mission regarding both the political and military situation.

[[Kategori:Hubungan Tiongkok dengan Amerika Serikat dengan Tiongkok]]