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'''Singularitas teknologi''', atau '''singularitas''', adalah suatu masa ketika [[kecerdasan buatan]] berkembang jauh sehingga [[kecerdasan super|melampaui kecerdasan manusia]] dan mengubah peradaban dan umat manusia.<ref>{{cite book|editor1-first= Amnon|editor1-last= Eden|editor2-first= James|editor2-last= Moor|editor3-first= Johnny|editor3-last= Søraker|editor4-first= Eric|editor4-last=Steinhart|display-editors=4|publisher=Springer|year=2013|title=Singularity Hypotheses: A Scientific and Philosophical Assessment|page=1|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=gVxGAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1&lpg=PA1&dq=singularity+hypotheses+%22change+human+civilization%22}}</ref> Karena kemampuan kecerdasan semacam itu sulit untuk dipahami manusia, singularitas teknologi sering dipandang sebaagaisebagai peristiwa (mirip [[singularitas gravitasi]]) yang setelahnya masa depan umat manusia tak dapat diprediksi atau bahkan tak dapat diukur.
 
Istilah "singularitas" dalam konteks ini pertama kali digunakan oleh matematikawan [[John von Neumann]]. Pada tahun 1958, mengenai ringkasan percakapan dengan von Neumann, [[Stanislaw Ulam]] menjelaskan "percepatan kemajuan teknologi dan perubahan mode kehidupan manusia, yang seolah-olah mendekati singularitas dalam sejarah ras di luar manusia, tidak bisa dilanjutkan lagi".<ref name=mathematical/> Istilah ini dipopulerkan oleh penulis fiksi ilmiah [[Vernon Vinge]] yang berpendapat bahwa [[kecerdasan buatan]], [[pemutakhiran manusia|pemutakhiran biologis manusia]], atau [[antarmuka otak-komputer]] bisa jadi penyebab potensial singularitas.<ref>{{cite web|last=Vinge|first=Vernor|title=Vernor Vinge on the Singularity|url=http://mindstalk.net/vinge/vinge-sing.html|publisher=San Diego State University|accessdate=11 April 2013}}</ref> Futuris [[Ray Kurzweil]] mengutip penggunaan istilah ini oleh von Neumann dalam kata pengantar karya klasik von Neumann, ''[[The Computer and the Brain]]''.
 
f
Pendukung singularitas biasanya menyebut "ledakan kecerdasan",<ref name="Singularity, Intelligence Explosion 2010">David Chalmers on Singularity, Intelligence Explosion. April 8th, 2010. Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence: http://singinst.org/blog/2010/04/08/david-chalmers-on-singularity-intelligence-explosion/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421121903/http://singinst.org/blog/2010/04/08/david-chalmers-on-singularity-intelligence-explosion/ |date=2012-04-21 }}</ref><ref>Editor's Blog Why an Intelligence Explosion is Probable By: Richard Loosemore and Ben Goertzel. March 7, 2011; hplusmagazine: http://hplusmagazine.com/2011/03/07/why-an-intelligence-explosion-is-probable/</ref> yaitu masa ketika kecerdasan super (''superintelligence'') merancang generasi pemikir yang semakin kuat dan dapat terjadi sangat cepatdancepat dan mungkin tidak akan berhenti sampai kemampuan kognitif generasi atau agen tersebut melampaui manusia manapun di Bumi.
 
Kurzweil memprediksikan singularitas akan terjadi sekitar tahun 2045,<ref name="singularity" /> sedangkan Vinge memperkirakan ini terjadi sebelum 2030.<ref name="vinge1993" /> Pada [[Singularity Summit]] tahun 2012, Stuart Armstrong melakukan studi prediksi kecerdasan umum buatan (''artificial generalized intelligence'') oleh para pakar dan menemukan berbagai macam tahun perkiraan yang rata-rata bertengger di angka 2040. Prediksinya sendiri adalah terdapat 80% kemungkinan bahwa singularitas akan terjadi antara 2017 dan 2112.<ref name="armstrong2012" />
 
== Lihat pula ==
* [[Kecerdasan umum buatan|Strong AI]], kecerdasan buatan hipotetis yang menyamai atau melebihi kecerdasan manusia
* [[Eskatologi]]
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* [[Teori kebaruan]]
 
== Catatan kaki ==
{{reflist|2|refs=
<ref name="mathematical">{{cite journal|url=http://docs.google.com/file/d/0B-5-JeCa2Z7hbWcxTGsyU09HSTg/edit?pli=1 | last=Ulam|first=Stanislaw |title=Tribute to John von Neumann|publisher=Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society|volume=64, #3, part 2|date=May 1958|page=5}}</ref>
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<ref name="vinge1993">Vinge, Vernor. [http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/faculty/vinge/misc/singularity.html "The Coming Technological Singularity: How to Survive in the Post-Human Era"], originally in ''Vision-21: Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in the Era of Cyberspace'', G. A. Landis, ed., NASA Publication CP-10129, pp. 11–22, 1993</ref>
 
<ref name="armstrong2012">Armstrong, Stuart. [http://fora.tv/2012/10/14/Stuart_Armstrong_How_Were_Predicting_AI "How We're Predicting AI"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031003344/http://fora.tv/2012/10/14/Stuart_Armstrong_How_Were_Predicting_AI |date=2014-10-31 }}, from the 2012 Singularity Conference</ref>
}}
 
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{{Refend}}
 
== Pranala luar ==
{{external links|date=March 2011}}
* [http://www.singularity.com/researchlinks.html#1 Singularity-related research links, from Ray Kurzweil, author of ''The Singularity is Near'']
 
=== Esai dan artikel ===
* [http://lifeboat.com/ex/singularities.and.nightmares Singularities and Nightmares: Extremes of Optimism and Pessimism About the Human Future] by [[David Brin]]
* [http://hanson.gmu.edu/vi.html A Critical Discussion of Vinge’s Singularity Concept] by [[Robin Hanson]]
* [http://hanson.gmu.edu/fastgrow.html Is a singularity just around the corner] by Robin Hanson
* [http://www.accelerationwatch.com/history_brief.html Brief History of Intellectual Discussion of Accelerating Change] by [[John Smart (futurist)|John Smart]]
* [http://www.edge.org/documents/archive/edge74.html One Half of a Manifesto] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081225091521/http://www.edge.org/documents/archive/edge74.html |date=2008-12-25 }} by [[Jaron Lanier]] – a critique of "cybernetic totalism"
* [http://www.kurzweilai.net/meme/frame.html?main=/articles/art0236.html One Half of an Argument] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613231341/http://www.kurzweilai.net/meme/frame.html?main=%2Farticles%2Fart0236.html |date=2010-06-13 }} – [[Ray Kurzweil]]'s response to Lanier
* [http://fortnightlyreview.co.uk/2010/08/the-wonders-of-man-in-the-age-of-simulations/ A discussion of Kurzweil, Turkel and Lanier] by Roger Berkowitz
* [http://www.kk.org/thetechnium/archives/2006/02/the_singularity.php The Singularity Is Always Near] by [[Kevin Kelly (editor)|Kevin Kelly]]
* [http://www.kk.org/thetechnium/archives/2007/03/the_maesgarreau.php The Maes-Garreau Point] by Kevin Kelly
* [http://consc.net/papers/singularity.pdf "The Singularity – A Philosophical Analysis"] by [[David Chalmers]]
* [http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,2048138,00.html 2045: The Year Man Becomes Immortal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130824002258/http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,2048138,00.html |date=2013-08-24 }}, By Lev Grossman, time.com, Feb. 10, 2011.
 
=== Pranala lain ===
* [http://www.jerrypournelle.com/reports/jerryp/singularity.html Report on ''The Stanford Singularity Summit'']
* [http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/static/singularity An IEEE report on the Singularity.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102012028/http://spectrum.ieee.org/static/singularity |date=2012-11-02 }}
* [http://www.house.gov/jec/publications/110/nanotechnology_03-22-07.pdf March 2007 Congressional Report on the Singularity][http://www.thenewatlantis.com/docLib/20120213_TheFutureisComingSoonerThanYouThink.pdf Alternate Link]
 
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