Kodeterminasi: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Sistem dua tingkat yang tipikal dengan kodeterminasi adalah sistem Jerman. Sistem satu tingkat dengan kodeterminasi adalah sistem Swedia.
Terdapat tiga pandangan utama mengenai alasan utama kodeterminasi eksis: untuk mengurangi konflik manajamen-pekerja dengan meningkatkan dan mensistematisasi saluran komunikasi;<ref>Prominent views of codetermination have thus been "social" in nature, concerned with expanding democratic participation in new spheres as a good in itself, reducing "alienation", and smoothing management-labour relations to prevent strong conflicts. A collection of views of this nature are found in [http://www.boeckler.de/92462_16613.html ''Magazin Mitbestimmun'']{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> untuk meningkatkan daya tawar pekerja dengan mengorbankan pemilik melalui legislasi;<ref>A conservative economic approach views codetermination as not benign: a political means for transfer of wealth from shareholders to employees and to increase power of political and perhaps union actors; as evidence it is noted firms rarely adopt codetermination voluntarily: see Pejovich, Svetozar. ''The economics of property rights: towards a theory of comparative systems''. Chapter 8. Dordrecht, NL: Kluwer Academic, 1990.</ref> dan untuk memperbaiki kegagalan pasar melalui kebijakan publik.<ref>Another economist argues that codetermination in effect corrects several market failures so lack of voluntary adoption cannot be viewed as evidence that codetermination is inefficient: see [[Stephen C. Smith (economist)|Stephen C. Smith]], "On the economic rationale for codetermination law", ''Journal of Economic Behavior and Organisation'', Vol. 16 (December 1991), pp. 261-281.</ref> Bukti tentang "efisiensinya" beragam, dengan kodeterminasi antara tidak memiliki efek atau berefek positif, tapi secara umum berdampak kecil pada kinerja perusahaan.<ref>For example see Felix R. Fitzroy and Kornelius Kraft, "Co-determination, efficiency and productivity", ''British Journal of Industrial Relations'', Vol. 43, No. 2 (June 2005), pp. 233-247.</ref>
== Lihat pula ==
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* E Chell, ‘Worker Directors on the Board: Four Case Studies’ (1980) 2(6) Employee Relations 1
* PL Davies and KW Wedderburn, ‘The Land of Industrial Democracy’ (1977) 6(1) ILJ 197
* E McGaughey, 'The Codetermination Bargains: The History of German Corporate and Labour Law' (2016) [http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2579932 23(1) Columbia Journal of European Law 135]
* E McGaughey, 'Votes at Work in Britain: Shareholder Monopolisation and the ‘Single Channel’' (2018) [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2432068 47(1) Industrial Law Journal 76]
* E McGaughey, 'Democracy in America at Work: The History of Labor's Vote in Corporate Governance' (2019) [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3246974 42 Seattle University Law Review 697]
* [[Hans Jürgen Teuteberg|HJ Teuteberg]], ‘Zur Entstehungsgeschichte der ersten betrieblichen Arbeitervertretungen in Deutschland’ (1960) 11 Soziale Welt 69
* S Vitols, 'Prospects for trade unions in the evolving European system of corporate governance' (2005) [http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/gurn/00299.pdf#page=20 ETUI], summarising different economic results of codetermination
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== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/emire/GERMANY/CODETERMINATION-DE.htm Emire: Germany - Co-Determination] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127184358/http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/emire/GERMANY/CODETERMINATION-DE.htm |date=2012-01-27 }}
* [http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/emire/AUSTRIA/ANCHOR-MITBESTIMMUNG-AT.htm Emire: Austria - Co-Determination] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100111082740/http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/emire/AUSTRIA/ANCHOR-MITBESTIMMUNG-AT.htm |date=2010-01-11 }}
* [http://www.iuscomp.org/gla/literature/daad93/daad93-40.htm German Law in English - 40. Works council. Co-determination]
* [http://www.macro.org.il/co-determination.html Co-Determination and Cooperative Culture in Israel]
;Draf Uni Eropa tentang Arahan Hukum Perusahaan Kelima
* [http://www2.eudor.net/aoquegoo/download/ORDCMD_EHD_4480.zip 1983 Revision]{{Pranala mati|date=April 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www2.eudor.net/uxaeshom/download/ORDCMD_EHD_4481.zip 1991 Amendment]{{Pranala mati|date=April 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
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