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[[Berkas:Trail of tears sign.jpg|
'''''Trail of Tears''''' adalah istilah yang merujuk pada pemindahan paksa [[penduduk asli Amerika]] di wilayah tenggara [[Amerika Serikat]] setelah ditetapkannya [[Undang-Undang Pemindahan Indian 1830]]. Suku-suku [[Cherokee]], [[Muscogee]], [[Seminole]], [[Chickasaw]], dan [[Choctaw]] yang tidak mau ber[[asimilasi]] dipindah paksa dari tanah air mereka ke [[Teritori Indian]] di sebelah barat [[Sungai Mississippi]]. Mereka yang memilih untuk tetap tinggal dan berasimilasi diperbolehkan menjadi warga negara [[Amerika Serikat]] di negara bagian masing-masing.<ref name="Indian removal - pbs">{{cite web | url=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2959.html | title=Indian removal | publisher=PBS | accessdate=June 11, 2014}}</ref> Frase "Trail of Tears" berasal dari deskripsi pemindahan suku [[Choctaw]] pada tahun 1831.<ref name=len_green>{{cite web
▲ | url = http://www.tc.umn.edu/~mboucher/mikebouchweb/choctaw/trtears.htm
▲ | title = Choctaw Removal was really a "Trail of Tears"
▲ | accessdate = 2008-04-28
▲ | author = Len Green
|archiveurl =
▲ | publisher = Bishinik, mboucher, University of Minnesota
|archivedate = 2008-06-04
▲|archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080604005108/http://www.tc.umn.edu/~mboucher/mikebouchweb/choctaw/trtears.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2008-06-04}}
|dead-url = no
}}</ref>
Banyak penduduk asli Amerika yang meninggal akibat penyakit dan kelaparan saat dipindah ke tempat tujuan. Kurang lebih 2.000-6.000 dari 16.542 suku Cherokee yang dipindahkan tewas.<ref>Prucha, ''Great Father'', hlm. 241 note 58; Ehle, ''Trail of Tears'', hlm. 390–92; Russel Thornton, "Demography of the Trail of Tears" in Anderson, ''Trail of Tears'', hlm. 75–93.</ref><ref>Carter (III), Samuel (1976). ''Cherokee sunset: A Nation Betrayed: A Narrative of Travail and Triumph, Persecution and exile''. New York: Doubleday, hlm. 232.</ref><ref name="books.google.com">{{cite book
Baris 27 ⟶ 28:
|first = Theda
|title = Mixed Blood Indians: Racial Construction in the Early South
|url = https://archive.org/details/mixedbloodindian0000perd
|year = 2003
|publisher = The University of Georgia Press
|chapter = Chapter 2 'Both White and Red'
|page = [https://archive.org/details/mixedbloodindian0000perd/page/51 51]
|isbn = 0-8203-2731-X
}}
</ref> Namun, banyak penetap kulit putih yang meminta pemerintah federal untuk memindahkan orang-orang Indian dari wilayah tenggara agar dapat mengambil alih tanah mereka. Atas seruan Presiden [[Andrew Jackson]], [[Undang-Undang Pemindahan Indian 1830]] disepakati oleh Kongres. UU tersebut memberikan wewenang kepada pemerintah untuk menghapus hak tanah penduduk asli Amerika di wilayah tenggara Amerika Serikat.
Pada tahun 1831, Choctaw menjadi suku pertama yang dipindahkan; pemindahan ini menjadi model untuk pemindahan suku-suku lainnya. Setelah meletusnya dua perang, Seminole dipindahkan pada tahun 1832,
== Catatan kaki ==
Baris 46 ⟶ 48:
{{wikivoyage|Trail of Tears}}
* [http://cherokeeregistry.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=349&Itemid=444/ Trail of Tears List - a report to the U.S. Senate]
* [http://169.203.4.233/trail_of_tears/index.htm Remote Sensing Technology to Understanding the Choctaw Removals] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030419062541/http://169.203.4.233/trail_of_tears/index.htm |date=2003-04-19 }}
* [http://www.nps.gov/trte/index.htm Trail of Tears National Historic Trail (U.S. National Park Service)]
* [http://nationaltota.org/ Trail of Tears Association]
* [http://www.anpa.ualr.edu/trail_of_tears/indian_removal_project/site_reports/north_little_rock/chickasaw.htm The North Little Rock Site: Interpretive Contexts Chickasaw] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080603000054/http://www.anpa.ualr.edu/trail_of_tears/indian_removal_project/site_reports/north_little_rock/chickasaw.htm |date=2008-06-03 }}
* [http://www.seminoletribe.com/history/indian_removal.shtml Seminole Tribe of Florida History: Indian Resistance and Removal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091016025057/http://www.seminoletribe.com/history/indian_removal.shtml |date=2009-10-16 }}
* [http://www.nps.gov/archive/ocmu/Removal.htm Muscogee (Creek) Removal]
* [http://www.cherokeeregistry.com/ Cherokee Heritage Documentation Center]
* [http://www.cherokee.org/Culture/History/TOT/Default.aspx Cherokee Nation Cultural Resource Center ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907225258/http://www.cherokee.org/Culture/History/TOT/Default.aspx |date=2008-09-07 }}
* [http://kingwoodkowboy.com/trailoftears.html Trail of Tears - The Dream We Dreamed] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090915182030/http://kingwoodkowboy.com/trailoftears.html |date=2009-09-15 }}
* [http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1433 Cherokee Indian Removal, Encyclopedia of Alabama] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204061224/http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1433 |date=2013-12-04 }}
* [http://www.nps.gov/history/NR/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/118trail/118trail.htm ''The Trail of Tears and the Forced Relocation of the Cherokee Nation,'' a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan]
* [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/trail_of_tears.htm Trail of Tears Roll], Access genealogy
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