Phytophthora: Perbedaan antara revisi
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| image = Prei papiervlekkenziekte Phytophthora porri on Allium porrum.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = Serangan ''Phytophthora porri''
| domain = [[Eukaryota]]
| regnum = [[Chromalveolata]]
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<!-- [[File:SuddenOakDeath-USDA-Forest-Service.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Layu batang ek akibat serangan ''[[Phytophthora ramorum]]''.]] -->
'''''Phytophthora''''' (dari bentukan [[bahasa Yunani]] ''φυτόν'' (''phytón''), “tumbuhan” dan ''φθορά'' (''phthorá''), “kehancuran”; “penghancur tumbuhan”) adalah salah satu [[genus
== Biologi ==
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''Phytophthora'' dapat bereproduksi secara seksual maupun aseksual. Struktur reproduksi seksual jarang ditemukan di alam, tetapi dapat dirangsang di pembiakan laboratorium. Pada jenis-jenis yang ''homotalus'', struktur seksual muncul dalam satu kultur tunggal; jenis-jenis yang heterotalus memiliki dua "jenis kelamin": A1 dan A2.
[[
Spora aseksual (terbentuk secara mitosis) dikenal sebagai [[klamidospora]] dan [[zoospora]]. Jenis spora yang terakhir dihasilkan dalam [[sporangium]] (jamak: sporangia).
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==Fungi resemblance==
''Phytophthora'' is sometimes referred to as a [[fungi|fungal]]-like organism but it is classified under a different kingdom altogether: [[Chromalveolata]] (formerly [[heterokont|Stramenopila]] and previously [[Chromista]]). This is a good example of [[convergent evolution]]: ''Phytophthora'' is morphologically very similar to true fungi yet its evolutionary history is quite distinct. In contrast to fungi, stramenopiles are more closely related to plants than animals. Whereas fungal cell walls are made primarily of [[chitin]], stramenopile cell walls are constructed mostly of [[cellulose]]. Ploidy levels are different between these two groups; Phytophthora have [[diploid]] (paired) chromosomes in the vegetative (growing, non-reproductive) stage of life, Fungi are almost always [[haploid]] in this state. Biochemical pathways also differ, notably the highly conserved [[Lysine]] synthesis path.
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== Spesies ==▼
▲==Spesies==
''[[Phytophthora boehmeriae]]''<br/>
''[[Phytophthora botryosa]]''<br/>
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''[[Phytophthora hibernalis]]''<br/>
''[[Phytophthora humicola]]''<br/>
''[[Phytophthora hydropathica]]''<ref name="csa new species">{{cite web|url=http://md1.csa.com/partners/viewrecord.php?requester=gs&collection=ENV&recid=8354020&q=Phytophthora+drechsleri&uid=1337633&setcookie=yes|title=Phytophthora irrigata and Phytophthora hydropathica, two new species from irrigation water at ornamental plant nurseries
''[[Phytophthora irrigata]]''<ref name="csa new species" /><br/>
''[[Phytophthora idaei]]''<br/>
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''[[Phytophthora mirabilis]]''<br/>
''[[Phytophthora multivesiculata]]''<br/>
''[[Phytophthora nemorosa]]''<ref>Hansen, Everett M.; Reeser, P. W.; Davidson, J. M.; Garbelotto, Matteo; Ivors, K.; Douhan, L.; and Rizzo, David M. (2003) "[http://nature.berkeley.edu/garbelotto/downloads/hansen2003.pdf ''Phytophthora nemorosa'', a new species causing cankers and leaf blight of forest trees in California and Oregon, U.S.A] ''Mycotaxon''
''[[Phytophthora nicotianae]]''<br/>
''[[Phytophthora palmivora]]''<br/>
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''[[Phytophthora vignae]]''
==
{{Reflist|2}}
== Bacaan tambahan ==
* Lucas, J.A. ''et al.'' (eds.) (1991) ''Phytophthora'' based on a symposium held at Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland September 1989. British Mycological Society, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, ISBN 0-521-40080-5 ;
* Erwin, Donald C. and Ribeiro, Olaf K. (1966) ''Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide'' American Phytopathological Society Press, St. Paul, Minnesota, ISBN 0-89054-212-0
* Erwin, Donald C. (1983) ''Phytophthora: its biology, taxonomy, ecology, and pathology'' American Phytopathological Society Press, St. Paul, Minnesota, ISBN 0-89054-050-0
* [http://www.aphis.usda.gov/ppq/ispm/pramorum/pdf_files/usdaprlist.pdf "APHIS List of Regulated Hosts and Plants Associated with ''Phytophthora ramorum''" U.S. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061212185042/http://www.aphis.usda.gov/ppq/ispm/pramorum/pdf_files/usdaprlist.pdf |date=2006-12-12 }}
* [http://www.naturebase.net/content/category/4/302/97/ "Dieback" Department of Environment and Conservation, Western Australia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070914081121/http://www.naturebase.net/content/category/4/302/97/ |date=2007-09-14 }}
== Pranala luar ==
{{commons category}}
{{Wikispecies|Phytophthora}}
* [http://www.btny.purdue.edu/USDA-ARS/Goodwin_lab/results/Phytoph_biblio.html Goodwin, Stephen B. (January 2001) "Phytophthora Bibliography" Purdue University] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061014125542/http://www.btny.purdue.edu/USDA-ARS/Goodwin_lab/results/Phytoph_biblio.html |date=2006-10-14 }}
* [http://www.ladybug.uconn.edu/factsheets/tp_05_phytophthora.html Abbey, Tim (2005) "Phytophthora Dieback and Root Rot" College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506074931/http://www.ladybug.uconn.edu/factsheets/tp_05_phytophthora.html |date=2007-05-06 }}
* [http://www.bartlett.com/resources/Phytophthora-Canker.cfm "Phytophthora Canker - Identification, Biology and Management"] Bartlett Tree Experts Online Resource Library
* [http://www.bartlett.com/resources/Phytophthora-Root-Rot.cfm "Phytophthora Root Rot - Identification, Biology and Management"] Bartlett Tree Experts Online Resource Library
* [http://www.dwg.org.au/ Dieback Working Group] - Western Australia
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