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{{Eskatologi Kristen}}
 
'''KotbahKhotbah di atasBukit Zaitun''', yang disebut '''Khotbah tentang Akhir Zaman''' di [[Alkitab Terjemahan Baru]], dan disebut juga '''Amanat di Bukit Zaitun''' ({{lang-en|Olivet Discourse}}) atau ''Olivet prophecy''; "Nubuat di atas Bukit Zaitun"''' (''Olivet Prophecy''), adalah bagian [[Alkitab]] [[Kristen]] yang dimuat dalam tiga [[Injil sinoptik]] yaitu dalam [[Matius 24]], [[Markus 13]], [[Lukas 21]]. Dalam bahasa Inggris juga disebut "Little Apocalypse" ("[[Apokalips]] kecil") karena memuat sejumlah istilah [[Apokalips|apokaliptik]], dan memuat peringatan [[Yesus]] [[Kristus]] kepada para pengikut-Nya bahwa mereka akan mengalami penganiayaan besar sebelum kemenangan [[Kerajaan Allah]].<ref>"Frontline" TV series. PBS. Online: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/apocalypse/primary/ Accessed: 19 September 2008</ref> KotbahKhotbah ini merupakan yang terakhir dalam [[:en:Five Discourses of Matthew|Lima kotbahAmanat panjang yang dicatat dalamDalam Injil Matius]] dan diberikan tidak lama sebelum [[penyaliban Yesus]]. Dalam Injil Matius dan Markus ditulis bahwa Yesus berbicara secara khusus dengan sejumlah murid-Nya di atas [[Bukit Zaitun]],<ref>{{Alkitab|Matius 24:3; Markus 13:3}}</ref> menghadap ke arah [[Bait kedua|Bait Suci]]. Dalam Injil Lukas tidak disebutkan jelas tempatnya, kecuali disebutkan bahwa Yesus berbicara lama di Bait Suci dan bermalam di atas [[Bukit Zaitun]]<ref>{{Alkitab|Lukas 21:37}}</ref>
 
== Tempat ==
<!--
[[Berkas:JerusalemFromMountOfOlives.JPG|jmpl|ka|250px|"[[Al Haram Asy Syarif]]", bekas kompleks [[Bait Kedua|Bait Suci]] di [[Yerusalem]] pada zaman Yesus, di lihat dari [[Bukit Zaitun]].]]
Dalam [[Injil Matius]] dan [[Injil Markus|Markus]] ditulis bahwa Yesus berbicara secara khusus dengan sejumlah murid-Nya di [[Bukit Zaitun]],<ref>{{Alkitab|Matius 24:3; Markus 13:3}}</ref> menghadap ke arah [[Bait kedua|Bait Suci]]. Dalam Injil Lukas tidak disebutkan jelas tempatnya, kecuali disebutkan bahwa Yesus berbicara lama di Bait Suci dan bermalam di [[Bukit Zaitun]]<ref>{{Alkitab|Lukas 21:37}}</ref><ref name=BenW>Ben Witherington The Gospel of Mark: A Socio-rhetorical Commentary page 340.</ref>
Posisi pada Bukit Zaitun ini mencerminkan bagian dari [[Kitab Zakharia]] yang menyebutkan tempat itu sebagai lokasi peperangan terakhir antara [[Mesias]] dan lawan-lawannya, yang tertulis dalam [[Zakharia 14]]:3-4:
 
: ''Kemudian TUHAN akan maju berperang melawan bangsa-bangsa itu seperti Ia berperang pada hari pertempuran.''
The discourse is widely believed by scholars to contain material delivered on a variety of occasions.<ref name=BenW>Ben Witherington The Gospel of Mark: A Socio-rhetorical Commentary page 340.</ref>
: ''Pada waktu itu kaki-Nya akan berjejak di '''bukit Zaitun yang terletak di depan Yerusalem di sebelah timur'''.''
 
: ''Bukit Zaitun itu akan terbelah dua dari timur ke barat, sehingga terjadi suatu lembah yang sangat besar;''
[[File:Ercole de Roberti Destruction of Jerusalem Fighting Fleeing Marching Slaying Burning Chemical reactions b.jpg|thumb|''The Siege and Destruction of Jerusalem'', by [[David Roberts (painter)|David Roberts]] (1850).]]
 
:: ''setengah dari bukit itu akan bergeser ke utara dan setengah lagi ke selatan.'' (TB)<ref>{{Alkitab|Zakharia 14:3-4}} - Sabda.org</ref>
Some believe the passage largely refers to the [[Siege of Jerusalem (70)|destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem]] and the events leading up to it, although there are also references to events following this.<ref name=BenW/> This is one reason why scholars date the Gospel of Mark to the period just before, or just after, the events of the year 70.<ref name=BenW/><ref>Morna Hooker, ''The Gospel According to St. Mark'' (Continuum, 1991) page 8.</ref>
 
== Struktur ==
It is unclear whether the tribulation Jesus describes is a [[Preterism|past]], [[Historicism (Christianity)|present]] or [[Futurism (Christianity)|future event]].<ref name=DTS>Gentry, Kenneth L.; Thomas Ice. ''The Great Tribulation—Past Or Future?: Two Evangelicals Debate the Question.'' Kregel Academic & Professional, 1999. ISBN 978-0-8254-2901-9</ref>{{Rp|p.5}} In each of the three gospel accounts, the sermon contains a number of statements which at first glance seem predictive of future events. However, modern Christian interpretation diverges as to the meaning of the additional topics in the discourse. Many evangelical Christian interpreters say the passages refer to the [[Second Coming|Second Coming of Jesus]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2012}} They disagree whether Jesus describes the signs that accompany his return.
{{Injil Yesus}}
Keseluruhan catatan khotbah dapat dibagi menjagi bagian-bagian berikut:
* [[#Pengantar|Pengantar]] ({{Alkitab|Matius 24:1-2}}, {{Alkitab|Markus 13:1-2}}; {{Alkitab|Lukas 21:5-6}})
* [[#Permulaan penderitaan|Permulaan penderitaan]] ({{Alkitab|Matius 24:3-14}}, {{Alkitab|Markus 13:3-13}}; {{Alkitab|Lukas 21:7-19}})
* [[#Siksaan yang berat dan Mesias-mesias palsu|Siksaan yang berat dan Mesias-mesias palsu]] ({{Alkitab|Matius 24:15-28}}, {{Alkitab|Markus 13:14-23}})[[#Siksaan yang berat dan Mesias-mesias palsu|/Tentang runtuhnya Yerusalem]] ({{Alkitab|Lukas 21:20-24}})
* [[#Kedatangan Anak Manusia|Kedatangan Anak Manusia]] - [[#Perumpamaan tentang pohon ara|Perumpamaan tentang pohon ara]] ({{Alkitab|Matius 24:29-36}}, {{Alkitab|Markus 13:24-32}}; {{Alkitab|Lukas 21:25-33}})
* [[#Nasihat supaya berjaga-jaga|Nasihat supaya berjaga-jaga]] ({{Alkitab|Matius 24:37-44}}, {{Alkitab|Markus 13:33-37}}; {{Alkitab|Lukas 21:34-36}})
* [[#Nasihat supaya berjaga-jaga|Perumpamaan tentang hamba yang setia dan hamba yang jahat]] ({{Alkitab|Matius 24:45-51}})
* [[#Nasihat supaya berjaga-jaga|Gadis-gadis yang bijaksana dan gadis-gadis yang bodoh]] ({{Alkitab|Matius 25:1-13}})
* [[#Nasihat supaya berjaga-jaga|Perumpamaan tentang talenta]] ({{Alkitab|Matius 25:14-30}})
* [[#Nasihat supaya berjaga-jaga|Penghakiman terakhir]] ({{Alkitab|Matius 25:31-46}})
 
== Pengantar ==
The setting on the Mount of Olives is also thought by some scholars to have been not incidental, but a quite deliberate echo of a passage in the [[Book of Zechariah]] which refers to the location as the place where a final battle would occur between the [[Jewish messianism|Jewish Messiah]] and his opponents.
{{Lihat pula|Bait Allah akan diruntuhkan}}
[[Berkas:David Roberts - The Siege and Destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans Under the Command of Titus, A.D. 70.jpg|jmpl|''The Siege and Destruction of Jerusalem'' ("Pengepungan dan Kehancuran Yerusalem"), karya [[:en:David Roberts (painter)|David Roberts]] (1850).]]
Menurut catatan Injil-[[Injil Sinoptik]], seorang [[Murid (Kekristenan)|murid]] berkomentar mengenai keagungan [[Bait Kedua|Bait Suci]] yang dibangun oleh [[Herodes Agung|Herodes]],<ref>Kilgallen, John J. ''A Brief Commentary on the Gospel of Mark'' Paulist Press, 1989. ISBN 0-8091-3059-9.</ref> suatu bangunan yang dikatakan tingginya mencapai 10 lantai dan dihiasi dengan emas, perak dan berbagai bahan mahal. Yesus menjawab bahwa tidak ada satupun batu-batu dari bangunan itu akan tetap berdiri, karena semuanya akan dihancurkan ({{Alkitab|Matius 24:1-2}}, {{Alkitab|Markus 13:1-2}}; {{Alkitab|Lukas 21:5-6}}). Ini menyebabkan para murid menanyakan mengenai tanda-tanda hal itu akan terjadi, yang merupakan pengantar kepada Khotbah di Bukit Zaitun.<ref name=BenW>Ben Witherington The Gospel of Mark: A Socio-rhetorical Commentary page 340.</ref>
 
== ContentPermulaan penderitaan ==
 
<div style="font-family:Verdana">
=== Destruction of the Temple ===
{| class="wikitable" border="2px"
|+ <big>Permulaan penderitaan</big>
!style="width: 33%;"| {{Alkitab|Matius 24:3-14}}
!style="width: 33%;"| {{Alkitab|Markus 13:3-13}}
!style="width: 33%;"| {{Alkitab|Lukas 21:7-19}}
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
| <sup>24:3</sup> Ketika Yesus duduk di atas Bukit Zaitun, datanglah murid-murid-Nya kepada-Nya untuk bercakap-cakap sendirian dengan Dia. Kata mereka: "Katakanlah kepada kami, bilamanakah itu akan terjadi dan apakah tanda kedatangan-Mu dan tanda kesudahan dunia?"
| <sup>13:3</sup> Ketika Yesus duduk di atas Bukit Zaitun, '''berhadapan dengan Bait Allah, Petrus, Yakobus, Yohanes dan Andreas''' bertanya sendirian kepada-Nya: <sup>13:4</sup> "Katakanlah kepada kami, bilamanakah itu akan terjadi, dan apakah tandanya, kalau semuanya itu akan sampai kepada kesudahannya."
| <sup>21:7</sup> Dan murid-murid bertanya kepada Yesus, katanya: "Guru, bilamanakah itu akan terjadi? Dan apakah tandanya, kalau itu akan terjadi?"
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
| <sup>24:4</sup> Jawab Yesus kepada mereka: "<font color="green">Waspadalah supaya jangan ada orang yang menyesatkan kamu! 24:5 Sebab banyak orang akan datang dengan memakai nama-Ku dan berkata: Akulah Mesias, dan mereka akan menyesatkan banyak orang.</font>
| <sup>13:5</sup> Maka mulailah Yesus berkata kepada mereka: "<font color="green">Waspadalah supaya jangan ada orang yang menyesatkan kamu! 13:6 Akan datang banyak orang dengan memakai nama-Ku dan berkata: Akulah dia, dan mereka akan menyesatkan banyak orang.</font>"
| <sup>21:8</sup> Jawab-Nya: "<font color="green">Waspadalah, supaya kamu jangan disesatkan. Sebab banyak orang akan datang dengan memakai nama-Ku dan berkata: Akulah Dia, dan: Saatnya sudah dekat. Janganlah kamu mengikuti mereka.</font>"
 
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
{{Gospel Jesus}}
| 24:6 <font color="green"> Kamu akan mendengar deru perang atau kabar-kabar tentang perang. Namun berawas-awaslah jangan kamu gelisah; sebab semuanya itu harus terjadi, tetapi itu belum kesudahannya.</font>"
| 13:7 <font color="green">Dan apabila kamu mendengar deru perang atau kabar-kabar tentang perang, janganlah kamu gelisah. Semuanya itu harus terjadi, tetapi itu belum kesudahannya.</font>"
| 21:9 <font color="green">Dan apabila kamu mendengar tentang peperangan dan pemberontakan, janganlah kamu terkejut. Sebab semuanya itu harus terjadi dahulu, tetapi itu tidak berarti kesudahannya akan datang segera.</font>"
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
| 24:7 <font color="green">Sebab bangsa akan bangkit melawan bangsa, dan kerajaan melawan kerajaan. Akan ada kelaparan dan gempa bumi di berbagai tempat. 24:8 Akan tetapi semuanya itu barulah permulaan penderitaan menjelang zaman baru. 24:9 Pada waktu itu kamu akan diserahkan supaya disiksa, dan kamu akan dibunuh dan akan dibenci semua bangsa oleh karena nama-Ku, 24:10 dan banyak orang akan murtad dan mereka akan saling menyerahkan dan saling membenci. 24:11 Banyak nabi palsu akan muncul dan menyesatkan banyak orang. 24:12 Dan karena makin bertambahnya kedurhakaan, maka kasih kebanyakan orang akan menjadi dingin. 24:13 Tetapi orang yang bertahan sampai pada kesudahannya akan selamat. 24:14 Dan Injil Kerajaan ini akan diberitakan di seluruh dunia menjadi kesaksian bagi semua bangsa, sesudah itu barulah tiba kesudahannya.</font>"
 
| 13:8 <font color="green">Sebab bangsa akan bangkit melawan bangsa dan kerajaan melawan kerajaan. Akan terjadi gempa bumi di berbagai tempat, dan akan ada kelaparan. Semua itu barulah permulaan penderitaan menjelang zaman baru. 13:9 Tetapi kamu ini, hati-hatilah! Kamu akan diserahkan kepada majelis agama dan kamu akan dipukul di rumah ibadat dan kamu akan dihadapkan ke muka penguasa-penguasa dan raja-raja karena Aku, sebagai kesaksian bagi mereka. 13:10 Tetapi Injil harus diberitakan dahulu kepada semua bangsa. 13:11 Dan jika kamu digiring dan diserahkan, janganlah kamu kuatir akan apa yang harus kamu katakan, tetapi katakanlah apa yang dikaruniakan kepadamu pada saat itu juga, sebab bukan kamu yang berkata-kata, melainkan Roh Kudus. 13:12 Seorang saudara akan menyerahkan saudaranya untuk dibunuh, demikian juga seorang ayah terhadap anaknya. Dan anak-anak akan memberontak terhadap orang tuanya dan akan membunuh mereka. 13:13 Kamu akan dibenci semua orang oleh karena nama-Ku. Tetapi orang yang bertahan sampai pada kesudahannya ia akan selamat.</font>"
According to the narrative of the synoptic Gospels, an anonymous [[Disciple (Christianity)|disciple]] remarks on the greatness of [[Herod's Temple]],<ref>Kilgallen, John J. ''A Brief Commentary on the Gospel of Mark'' Paulist Press, 1989. ISBN 0-8091-3059-9.</ref> a building thought to have been some 10 stories high and likely to have been adorned with gold, silver, and other precious items. Jesus responds that not one of those stones would remain intact in the building, and the whole thing would be reduced to rubble.
 
| 21:10 Ia berkata kepada mereka: "<font color="green">Bangsa akan bangkit melawan bangsa dan kerajaan melawan kerajaan, 21:11 dan akan terjadi gempa bumi yang dahsyat dan di berbagai tempat akan ada penyakit sampar dan kelaparan, dan akan terjadi juga hal-hal yang mengejutkan dan tanda-tanda yang dahsyat dari langit. 21:12 Tetapi sebelum semuanya itu kamu akan ditangkap dan dianiaya; kamu akan diserahkan ke rumah-rumah ibadat dan penjara-penjara, dan kamu akan dihadapkan kepada raja-raja dan penguasa-penguasa oleh karena nama-Ku. 21:13 Hal itu akan menjadi kesempatan bagimu untuk bersaksi. 21:14 Sebab itu tetapkanlah di dalam hatimu, supaya kamu jangan memikirkan lebih dahulu pembelaanmu. 21:15 Sebab Aku sendiri akan memberikan kepadamu kata-kata hikmat, sehingga kamu tidak dapat ditentang atau dibantah lawan-lawanmu. 21:16 Dan kamu akan diserahkan juga oleh orang tuamu, saudara-saudaramu, kaum keluargamu dan sahabat-sahabatmu dan beberapa orang di antara kamu akan dibunuh 21:17 dan kamu akan dibenci semua orang oleh karena nama-Ku. 21:18 Tetapi tidak sehelaipun dari rambut kepalamu akan hilang. 21:19 Kalau kamu tetap bertahan, kamu akan memperoleh hidupmu.</font>"
The disciples asked Jesus for a sign, "When will this happen, and what will be the sign of your coming and of the end of the age?" The disciples, being Jewish, believed that the Messiah would come and that his arrival would mean the fulfillment of all the prophecies they hoped in. They believed that the Temple played a large role in this, hence the disciple in the first part boasting to Jesus about the Temple's construction. Jesus' prophecy concerning the Temple's destruction was contrary to their belief system. The Master sought to correct that impression, first, by discussing the Roman invasion, {{Bibleref2c|Matt.|24:4–34}} and then by commenting on his final coming to render [[Last Judgment|universal judgment]].{{Bibleref2c-nb |Matt.|24:35–51}}
|}</div>
&nbsp;* ''Semua kutipan [[Alkitab]] dari [[Terjemahan Baru]].''
 
Yesus mula-mula memperingatkan hal-hal yang akan terjadi tetapi yang bukan merupakan tanda-tanda:
Jesus first warns them about things that would happen that should '''not''' be interpreted as signs:
* Akan ada orang-orang yang akan mengklaim sebagai [[Kristus]] (=[[Mesias]]; lihat pula [[Antikristus]]).<!-- It was a general belief that if the [[Jewish messianism|Jewish Messiah]] arrived in [[Jerusalem in Christianity|Jerusalem]], it would mean that the [[Kingship and kingdom of God|Kingdom of Heaven]] was imminent.-->
* Akan ada deru perang atau kabar-kabar tentang perang.
 
Kemudian Yesus mengidentifikasi "permulaan penderitaan menjelang zaman baru", dikiaskan seperti "permulaan sakit bersalin":
* Some would claim to be [[Christ]], see also [[Antichrist]]. It was a general belief that if the [[Jewish messianism|Jewish Messiah]] arrived in [[Jerusalem in Christianity|Jerusalem]], it would mean that the [[Kingship and kingdom of God|Kingdom of Heaven]] was imminent.
* Bangsa akan bangkit melawan bangsa dan kerajaan melawan kerajaan
* Akan terjadi gempa bumi di berbagai tempat
* Akan ada kelaparan
* Akan ada penyakit sampar
* Akan terjadi juga hal-hal yang mengejutkan dan tanda-tanda yang dahsyat dari langit.
 
Kemudian Yesus menyebutkan mengenai hal-hal yang akan dialami oleh para murid menjelang kesudahannya:
* There would be wars and rumours of wars.
* Para murid akan diserahkan supaya disiksa. Mereka akan diserahkan juga oleh orang tua, saudara-saudara, kaum keluarga dan sahabat-sahabat mereka sendiri
* Para murid akan diserahkan kepada majelis agama dan akan dipukul di rumah ibadat dan akan dihadapkan ke muka penguasa-penguasa dan raja-raja karena Yesus
* Para murid akan ada yang dibunuh
* Para murid akan dibenci semua bangsa oleh karena nama Yesus
* Banyak orang akan murtad dan mereka akan saling menyerahkan dan saling membenci.
* Banyak nabi palsu akan muncul dan menyesatkan banyak orang.
* Kedurhakaan makin bertambah, maka kasih kebanyakan orang akan menjadi dingin.
* Injil Kerajaan ini akan diberitakan di seluruh dunia menjadi kesaksian bagi semua bangsa
Dalam menghadapi hal-hal itu, Yesus memberikan penghiburan:
* Orang yang bertahan sampai pada kesudahannya akan selamat ("Kalau kamu tetap bertahan, kamu akan memperoleh hidupmu").
* Tidak sehelaipun dari rambut kepala mereka akan hilang.
* Hal itu akan menjadi kesempatan untuk bersaksi.
* Janganlah kuatir akan apa yang harus dikatakan, tetapi para murid perlu mengatakan apa yang dikaruniakan kepada mereka pada saat itu juga, sebab bukan mereka yang berkata-kata, melainkan Roh Kudus.
* Jangan memikirkan lebih dahulu pembelaan mereka, sebab Yesus sendiri akan memberikan kepada mereka kata-kata hikmat, sehingga mereka tidak dapat ditentang atau dibantah lawan-lawan mereka.
 
== Siksaan yang berat dan Mesias-mesias palsu ==
Then Jesus identifies ''the beginnings of birth pangs'', a metaphor for 'false alarm' (some older translations incorrectly read ''sorrows''):
Yesus kemudian memperingatkan para murid mengenai [[Pembinasa keji]] "berdiri di tempat yang tidak sepatutnya" (Injil Markus). Injil Matius dan Markus menambahkan ''"—para pembaca hendaklah memperhatikannya—"''. Ini merupakan rujukan kepada dua ayat dalam [[Kitab Daniel]] ([[Daniel 9:27]], [[Daniel 11:31]]).
<div style="font-family:Verdana">
{| class="wikitable" border="2px"
|+ <big>&nbsp;&nbsp;Siksaan yang berat dan Mesias-mesias palsu&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/Tentang keruntuhan Yerusalem</big>
!style="width: 33%;"| {{Alkitab|Matius 24:15-28}}
!style="width: 33%;"| {{Alkitab|Markus 13:14-23}}
!style="width: 33%;"| {{Alkitab|Lukas 21:20-24}}
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
| <sup>24:15</sup> "<font color="green">Jadi apabila kamu melihat Pembinasa keji berdiri di '''tempat kudus''', '''menurut firman yang disampaikan oleh nabi Daniel'''--para pembaca hendaklah memperhatikannya--</font>"
| <sup>13:14</sup> "<font color="green">Apabila kamu melihat Pembinasa keji berdiri di '''tempat yang tidak sepatutnya'''--para pembaca hendaklah memperhatikannya--</font>"
| <sup>21:20</sup> " <font color="green">Apabila kamu melihat '''Yerusalem dikepung oleh tentara-tentara, ketahuilah, bahwa keruntuhannya sudah dekat'''.</font>"
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
| <sup>24:16</sup> "<font color="green">maka orang-orang yang di Yudea haruslah melarikan diri ke pegunungan. 24:17 Orang yang sedang di peranginan di atas rumah janganlah ia turun untuk mengambil barang-barang dari rumahnya, 24:18 dan orang yang sedang di ladang janganlah ia kembali untuk mengambil pakaiannya.</font>"
| <sup>(13:14)</sup> "<font color="green">maka orang-orang yang di Yudea haruslah melarikan diri ke pegunungan. 13:15 Orang yang sedang di peranginan di atas rumah janganlah ia turun dan masuk untuk mengambil sesuatu dari rumahnya, 13:16 dan orang yang sedang di ladang janganlah ia kembali untuk mengambil pakaiannya.</font>"
| <sup>21:21</sup> "<font color="green">Pada waktu itu orang-orang yang berada di Yudea harus melarikan diri ke pegunungan, dan '''orang-orang yang berada di dalam kota harus mengungsi, dan orang-orang yang berada di pedusunan jangan masuk lagi ke dalam kota,''' 21:22 sebab itulah masa pembalasan di mana akan genap semua yang ada tertulis.</font>"
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
| <sup>24:19</sup> "<font color="green">Celakalah ibu-ibu yang sedang hamil atau yang menyusukan bayi pada masa itu.</font>"
| <sup>13:17</sup> "<font color="green">Celakalah ibu-ibu yang sedang hamil atau yang menyusukan bayi pada masa itu.</font>"
| <sup>21:23</sup> "<font color="green"> Celakalah ibu-ibu yang sedang hamil atau yang menyusukan bayi pada masa itu!</font>"
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
| <sup>24:20</sup> "<font color="green">Berdoalah, supaya waktu kamu melarikan diri itu jangan jatuh pada musim dingin dan jangan pada hari Sabat.</font>"
| <sup>13:18</sup> "<font color="green">Berdoalah, supaya semuanya itu jangan terjadi pada musim dingin.</font>"
|
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
| <sup>24:21</sup> "<font color="green">Sebab pada masa itu akan terjadi siksaan yang dahsyat seperti yang belum pernah terjadi sejak awal dunia sampai sekarang dan yang tidak akan terjadi lagi. 24:22 Dan sekiranya waktunya tidak dipersingkat, maka dari segala yang hidup tidak akan ada yang selamat; akan tetapi oleh karena orang-orang pilihan waktu itu akan dipersingkat.</font>"
| <sup>13:19</sup> "<font color="green">Sebab pada masa itu akan terjadi siksaan seperti yang belum pernah terjadi sejak awal dunia, yang diciptakan Allah, sampai sekarang dan yang tidak akan terjadi lagi. 13:20 Dan sekiranya Tuhan tidak mempersingkat waktunya, maka dari segala yang hidup tidak akan ada yang selamat; akan tetapi oleh karena orang-orang pilihan yang telah dipilih-Nya, Tuhan mempersingkat waktunya.</font>"
| <sup>(21:23)</sup> "<font color="green"> Sebab akan datang kesesakan yang dahsyat atas seluruh negeri dan murka atas bangsa ini, 21:24 dan mereka akan tewas oleh mata pedang dan dibawa sebagai tawanan ke segala bangsa, dan Yerusalem akan diinjak-injak oleh bangsa-bangsa yang tidak mengenal Allah, sampai genaplah zaman bangsa-bangsa itu.</font>"
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
| <sup>24:23</sup> "<font color="green">Pada waktu itu jika orang berkata kepada kamu: Lihat, Mesias ada di sini, atau Mesias ada di sana, jangan kamu percaya. 24:24 Sebab Mesias-mesias palsu dan nabi-nabi palsu akan muncul dan mereka akan mengadakan tanda-tanda yang dahsyat dan mujizat-mujizat, sehingga sekiranya mungkin, mereka menyesatkan orang-orang pilihan juga. 24:25 Camkanlah, Aku sudah mengatakannya terlebih dahulu kepadamu.</font>"
| <sup>13:21</sup> "<font color="green">Pada waktu itu jika orang berkata kepada kamu: Lihat, Mesias ada di sini, atau: Lihat, Mesias ada di sana, jangan kamu percaya. 13:22 Sebab Mesias-mesias palsu dan nabi-nabi palsu akan muncul dan mereka akan mengadakan tanda-tanda dan mujizat-mujizat dengan maksud, sekiranya mungkin, menyesatkan orang-orang pilihan. 13:23 Hati-hatilah kamu! Aku sudah terlebih dahulu mengatakan semuanya ini kepada kamu.</font>"
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
| <sup>24:26</sup> "<font color="green"> Jadi, apabila orang berkata kepadamu: Lihat, Ia ada di padang gurun, janganlah kamu pergi ke situ; atau: Lihat, Ia ada di dalam bilik, janganlah kamu percaya. 24:27 Sebab sama seperti kilat memancar dari sebelah timur dan melontarkan cahayanya sampai ke barat, demikian pulalah kelak kedatangan Anak Manusia. 24:28 Di mana ada bangkai, di situ burung nazar berkerumun.</font>"
|
|
|}</div>
&nbsp;* ''Semua kutipan [[Alkitab]] dari [[Terjemahan Baru]].''<br>
 
Pandangan kelompok [[:en:Futurism (Christian eschatology)|Futurisme]] adalah bahwa Yesus masa depan yang dinubuatkan ini merupakan pengungkapan peristiwa-peristiwa dari kecondongan yang sedang terjadi pada masyarakat saat ini.<ref name=Stedman>Stedman, Ray C. ''What on Earth Is Happening? What Jesus Said About the End of the Age. '' Discovery House Publishers, 2003. {{ISBN|1-57293-092-6}}</ref> Sedangkan pandangan kelompok [[:en:Preterism|Preterisme]] adalah bahwa semua nubuat ini sudah digenapi saat [[Pengepungan Yerusalem (70)|Yerusalem jatuh]] pada tahun [[70]] M.<ref>Jackson, Wayne. [http://www.christiancourier.com/articles/19-a-study-of-matthew-24 "A Study of Matthew Twenty-four"] November 23, 1998. ''Christian Courier''. Contains in-depth discussion of the significant of the chapter and the signs that have come to fruition.</ref><!-- A key issue in Jesus' discussion concerns the illustration of the fig tree (and other trees). This is a juxtaposition, balancing the two parts of the discussion. The first part being the answer to the first question concerning the destruction of the Temple, the second part being the answer to the question of Jesus' return at the end of the age. Hence, concerning the first he says that "this Generation" would see the fulfillment, whereas the second, "No man knows", not even Jesus himself.
* Nations rising up against nations, and kingdoms against kingdoms.
Although the Book of Daniel internally claims to be a prophecy dictated to [[Daniel (biblical figure)|Daniel]] by [[Gabriel]] during the [[Babylonian captivity]], modern scholars believe that the Book was [[pseudepigrapha|pseudepigraphically]] written in the mid-2nd century BC, and that rather than being a genuine prophecy the passage was a postdiction, written as a [[polemic]] against the shrine to [[Zeus]] set up in the temple in 168 BC by [[Antiochus IV Epiphanes]], which had a [[paganism|pagan]] [[altar]] added onto the Altar of the Holocausts<ref>{{citation|author=Souvay|first=Charles|contribution=Altars (in Scripture)|title=The Catholic Encyclopedia|volume=1|place=New York|publisher=Robert Appleton|year=1907|accessdate=5 September 2009|contribution-url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01360a.htm}}.</ref><ref>Brown, Raymond E. et al. ''The New Jerome Biblical Commentary''. Prentice Hall, 1990. {{ISBN|0-13-614934-0}}. p. 624.</ref><ref>Miller, Robert J. (ed.) ''The Complete Gospels''. Polebridge Press, 1994. {{ISBN|0-06-065587-9}} p. 44.</ref> Exactly how the Synoptics meant it to be reinterpreted or interpreted, however, is a matter of debate among Christian scholars:
 
*A successful prophecy about [[Titus]]'s [[Siege of Jerusalem (70)|destruction of the Temple in AD 70]] (see [[preterism]])<ref>[[Craig Blomberg]], ''Jesus and the Gospels'', Apollos 1997, pp. 322–26.</ref><ref>[[N. T. Wright|Wright, N.T.]], ''Jesus and the Victory of God (Christian Origins and the Question of God, Volume 2)'', Fortress 1996. {{ISBN|978-0-80062682-2}}. pp. 348ff.</ref>
* [[Earthquake]]s
*A ''[[vaticinium ex eventu]]'' (prophecy after the fact) about the destruction of the Temple<ref>[http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/mark.html Gospel of Mark]</ref>
*A reference to a future Antichrist (see [[futurism (Christian eschatology)|futurism]])
*A ''vaticinium ex eventu'' about [[Caligula]]'s attempt to put a statue of himself or of [[Jupiter (mythology)|Jupiter]] into the Temple (37–41 AD)<ref>Brown, Raymond E. ''An Introduction to the New Testament''. Doubleday 1997 {{ISBN|978-0-385-24767-2}}</ref>
 
{{Quotation|The reign of Gaius Caligula (37–41 AD) witnessed the first open break between the Jews and the [[Julio-Claudian]] empire. Until then—if one excepts [[Sejanus]]' heyday [19–31 AD] and the trouble caused by the [[Census of Quirinius|census after Archelaus' banishment]] [6 AD]—there was usually an atmosphere of understanding between the Jews and the empire…. These relations deteriorated seriously during Caligula's reign, and, though after his death the peace was outwardly re-established, considerable bitterness remained on both sides. ...Caligula ordered that a golden statue of himself be set up in the [[Herod's Temple|Temple in Jerusalem]]. ...Only Caligula's death, at the hands of Roman conspirators (41 AD), prevented the outbreak of a Jewish-Roman war that might well have spread to the entire [[Eastern Roman Empire|East]].<ref>Ben-Sasson, H.H. ''A History of the Jewish People''. Harvard University Press, 1976. {{ISBN|0-674-39731-2}}, pp. 254–56.</ref>}}
* [[Famine]]s
 
* [[pandemic|Pestilence]]
 
* Fearful events
 
Next he described more birth pangs which would lead to the coming Kingdom:
 
* [[False prophet]]s
 
* [[Apostasy]]
 
* [[Persecution of Christians|Persecution of the followers of Jesus]]
 
* The spread of Jesus' message (the [[gospel]]) around the world
 
Jesus then warned the disciples about the [[Abomination of desolation|Abomination of Desolation]] "standing where it does not belong". The Gospels of Matthew and Mark add ''"—let the reader understand—"''. This is generally considered to be a reference to two passages from the [[Book of Daniel]].{{bibleref2c|Dan.|9:27}} {{bibleref2c-nb|Dan.|11:31}}
 
Some consider these declarations to be unlikely or implausible. However, there also are noted Christian theologians who believe that each of Jesus' declarations were prophecies. One view ([[Futurism (Christian eschatology)|Futurism]]) is that the future Jesus predicted is the unfolding of events from trends that are already at work in contemporary human society.<ref name=Stedman>Stedman, Ray C. ''What on Earth Is Happening? What Jesus Said About the End of the Age. '' Discovery House Publishers, 2003. ISBN 1-57293-092-6</ref> Another prophetic view ([[Preterism]]) is that all of these predictions were fulfilled by the time Jerusalem fell in 70 AD.<ref>Jackson, Wayne. [http://www.christiancourier.com/articles/19-a-study-of-matthew-24 "A Study of Matthew Twenty-four"] November 23, 1998. ''Christian Courier''. Contains in-depth discussion of the significant of the chapter and the signs that have come to fruition.</ref> A key issue in Jesus' discussion concerns the illustration of the fig tree (and other trees). This is a juxtaposition, balancing the two parts of the discussion. The first part being the answer to the first question concerning the destruction of the Temple, the second part being the answer to the question of Jesus' return at the end of the world. Hence, concerning the first he says that "this Generation" would see the fulfillment, whereas the second, "No man knows", not even Jesus himself. {{Citation needed|date=February 2014}}
 
Although the Book of Daniel internally claims to be a prophecy dictated to [[Daniel (biblical figure)|Daniel]] by [[Gabriel]] during the [[Babylonian captivity]], modern scholars believe that the Book was [[pseudepigrapha|pseudepigraphically]] written in the mid-2nd century BC, and that rather than being a genuine prophecy the passage was a ''postdiction'', written as a polemic against the shrine to [[Zeus]] set up in the temple in 168 BC by [[Antiochus IV Epiphanes]], which had a [[paganism|pagan]] [[altar]] added onto the Altar of the Holocausts<ref>{{Citation | last = Souvay | first = Charles | contribution = Altars (in Scripture) | title = The Catholic Encyclopedia | volume = 1 | place = New York | publisher = Robert Appleton | year = 1907 | accessdate = 5 September 2009 | contribution-url = http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01360a.htm}}.</ref><ref>Brown, Raymond E. et al. ''The New Jerome Biblical Commentary''. Prentice Hall, 1990. ISBN 0-13-614934-0. p. 624</ref><ref>Miller, Robert J. (ed.) ''The Complete Gospels''. Polebridge Press, 1994. ISBN 0-06-065587-9 p. 44.</ref> Exactly how the Synoptics meant it to be reinterpreted or interpreted, however, is a matter of debate among Christian scholars:
 
* A successful prophecy about [[Titus]]'s [[Siege of Jerusalem (70)|destruction of the Temple in AD 70]] (see [[preterism]])<ref>[[Craig Blomberg]], ''Jesus and the Gospels'', Apollos 1997, pp. 322–26.</ref><ref>[[N. T. Wright|Wright, N.T.]], ''Jesus and the Victory of God (Christian Origins and the Question of God, Volume 2)'', Fortress 1996. ISBN 978-0‐80062682‐2. pp. 348ff.</ref>
 
* [[vaticinium ex eventu|Prophecies after the fact]].<ref>[http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/mark.html Gospel of Mark]</ref>
 
* A reference to a future Antichrist (see [[futurism (Christian eschatology)|futurism]])
 
* Another ''[[vaticinium ex eventu]]'' about [[Caligula]]'s attempt to put a statue of himself or of [[Jupiter (mythology)|Jupiter]] into the temple in AD 37–41<ref>Brown, Raymond E. ''An Introduction to the New Testament''. Doubleday 1997 ISBN 978-0-385-24767-2</ref> {{See also|Zealots}}
 
{{Quotation|The reign of Gaius Caligula (37–41 AD) witnessed the first open break between the Jews and the [[Julio-Claudian]] empire. Until then—if one excepts [[Sejanus]]' heyday [19–31 AD] and the trouble caused by the [[Census of Quirinius|census after Archelaus' banishment]] [6 AD]—there was usually an atmosphere of understanding between the Jews and the empire…. These relations deteriorated seriously during Caligula's reign, and, though after his death the peace was outwardly re-established, considerable bitterness remained on both sides. ...Caligula ordered that a golden statue of himself be set up in the [[Herod's Temple|Temple in Jerusalem]]. ...Only Caligula's death, at the hands of Roman conspirators (AD 41), prevented the outbreak of a Jewish-Roman war that might well have spread to the entire [[Eastern Roman Empire|East]].<ref>Ben-Sasson, H.H. ''A History of the Jewish People''. Harvard University Press, 1976. ISBN 0-674-39731-2, pp. 254–56</ref>}}
 
=== Great Tribulation ===
 
===Great Tribulation===
{{Main|Great Tribulation}}
 
==== Jesus' biblical prophecy ====
 
After Jesus described the "abomination that causes desolation", he warns that the people of Judea should flee to the mountains as a matter of such urgency that they shouldn't even return to get things from their homes. Jesus also warned that if it happened in winter or on the [[Biblical Sabbath|Sabbath]] fleeing would be even more difficult. Jesus described this as a time of "Great Tribulation" worse than anything that had gone before.
 
Jesus then states that immediately after the time of tribulation people would see a sign, "the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light; the stars will fall from the sky, and the heavenly bodies will be shaken".{{bibleref2c|Matt.|24:29–30|NIV}} {{bibleref2c |Joel.|3:15}}
 
The statements about the sun and moon turning dark sound quite apocalyptic, as it appears to be a quote from the [[Book of Isaiah]].{{bibleref2c|Isa.|13:10}} The description of the sun, moon and stars going dark is also describedused elsewhere in the Old Testament. Joel wrote that this would be a sign before the great and dreadful [[Day of the Lord]].{{bibleref2c|Joel|2:30–31}} The Book of Revelation also mentions the sun and moon turning dark during the sixth seal of the [[seven seals]], but the passage adds more detail than the previous verses mentioned.{{bibleref2c |Rev.|6:12–17}}
 
==== Two opposing interpretations ====
Within conservative, evangelical Christian thought, two opposite viewpoints have been expressed in a debate between theologians [[Kenneth Gentry|Kenneth L. Gentry]] and [[Thomas Ice]].<ref name=DTS/>{{Rp|197–99}}
 
;''Tribulation as a past event'' (Dr. Gentry)
Within conservative, evangelical Christian thought, two opposite viewpoints have been expressed in a debate between theologians [[Kenneth Gentry|Kenneth L. Gentry]] and [[Thomas Ice]].<ref name=DTS/>{{Rp |197–99}}
*The Great Tribulation occurred during the 1st century.
*Those events marked the end of God's focus on and exaltation of [[Israel]].
*Jesus' prophecies marked the beginning of the Christian era in God's plan.
*The Tribulation is God's judgement on Israel for rejecting the [[Messiah]].
*The Tribulation judgements will be centred on local events surrounding ancient [[Jerusalem]], and also somewhat affecting other portions of the former [[Roman Empire]].
*The Tribulation judgements are governed by Jesus as the Christ to reflect his judgement against Israel, thus showing that he is in heaven controlling those events.
 
; ''Tribulation as a pastfuture event'' (Dr. GentryIce)
*The Great Tribulation is still to come and is rapidly approaching prospect.
*Those events marked the beginning of God's focus on and exaltation of Israel.
*The prophecy says the Christian era will be concluded just after the church is taken from the world.
*Rather than being God's judgement on Israel, it is the preparation of Israel to receive her Messiah.
*The judgements involve catastrophes that literally will affect the stellar universe and impact the entire planet.
*The coming of Christ in the Tribulation requires his public, visible and physical presence to conclude those judgements.
-->
 
== Kedatangan Anak Manusia ==
* The Great Tribulation occurred during the 1st century.
<div style="font-family:Verdana">
{| class="wikitable" border="2px"
|+ <big>Kedatangan Anak Manusia</big>
!style="width: 33%;"| {{Alkitab|Matius 24:29-31}}
!style="width: 33%;"| {{Alkitab|Markus 13:24-27}}
!style="width: 33%;"| {{Alkitab|Lukas 21:25-28}}
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
| <sup>24:29</sup> "<font color="green">Segera sesudah siksaan pada masa itu, matahari akan menjadi gelap dan bulan tidak bercahaya dan bintang-bintang akan berjatuhan dari langit dan kuasa-kuasa langit akan goncang. 24:30 Pada waktu itu akan tampak tanda Anak Manusia di langit dan semua bangsa di bumi akan meratap</font>"
| <sup>13:24</sup> "<font color="green">Tetapi pada masa itu, sesudah siksaan itu, matahari akan menjadi gelap dan bulan tidak bercahaya <sup>13:25</sup> dan bintang-bintang akan berjatuhan dari langit, dan kuasa-kuasa langit akan goncang.</font>"
| <sup>21:25</sup> "<font color="green">Dan akan ada tanda-tanda pada matahari dan bulan dan bintang-bintang, dan di bumi bangsa-bangsa akan takut dan bingung menghadapi deru dan gelora laut.<sup>21:26</sup> Orang akan mati ketakutan karena kecemasan berhubung dengan segala apa yang menimpa bumi ini, sebab kuasa-kuasa langit akan goncang.</font>"
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
| <sup>(24:30)</sup> "<font color="green">dan mereka akan melihat Anak Manusia itu datang di atas awan-awan di langit dengan segala kekuasaan dan kemuliaan-Nya. 24:31 Dan Ia akan menyuruh keluar malaikat-malaikat-Nya dengan meniup sangkakala yang dahsyat bunyinya dan mereka akan mengumpulkan orang-orang pilihan-Nya dari keempat penjuru bumi, dari ujung langit yang satu ke ujung langit yang lain.</font>"
| <sup>13:26</sup> "<font color="green">Pada waktu itu orang akan melihat Anak Manusia datang dalam awan-awan dengan segala kekuasaan dan kemuliaan-Nya. 13:27 Dan pada waktu itupun Ia akan menyuruh keluar malaikat-malaikat-Nya dan akan mengumpulkan orang-orang pilihan-Nya 10 dari keempat penjuru bumi, dari ujung bumi sampai ke ujung langit.</font>"
| <sup>21:27</sup> "<font color="green">Pada waktu itu orang akan melihat Anak Manusia datang dalam awan dengan segala kekuasaan dan kemuliaan-Nya. 21:28 Apabila semuanya itu mulai terjadi, bangkitlah dan angkatlah mukamu, sebab penyelamatanmu sudah dekat.</font>"
|}</div>
&nbsp;* ''Semua kutipan [[Alkitab]] dari [[Terjemahan Baru]].''<br>
Yesus menyatakan bahwa setelah masa siksaan yang berat, maka akan muncul tanda di langit, matahari, bulan dan bintang-bintang akan menjadi gelap dan [[Anak Manusia (Kristen)|Anak Manusia]] akan terlihat turun dalam awan-awan dengan kuasa dan [[:en:glory (religion)|kemuliaan]] besar. Anak Manusia akan diiringi oleh banyak [[malaikat]] dan pada saat suara sangkakala dibunyikan, para malaikat akan mengumpulkan [[:en:Chosen people#Christianity|orang-orang pilihan Allah]] dari sorga dan empat penjuru mata angin di seluruh dunia ({{Alkitab|Matius 24:31}}).<!--
 
Although most scholars, and almost all Christians, read this as meaning that the gathering would include people not only from earth but also ''from'' heaven, a few Christians, mostly modern American [[Protestant]] [[Premillennialism|Premillennialists]],<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=DrKgIIxCHVIC&pg=PA17 |author= Rosen, Christine |title= Preaching Eugenics |publisher= Oxford Press |year=2004 |page=17}}</ref> have interpreted it to mean that people would be gathered from earth and taken ''to'' heaven—a concept known in their circles as the ''[[rapture]]''.{{cn|date=April 2016}} Most scholars see this as a quotation of a passage from the [[Book of Zechariah]] in which God (and the contents of heaven in general) are predicted to come to earth and live among ''the elect'', who by necessity are gathered together for this purpose.{{Bibleref2c|Zech.|2:10}}-->
* Those events marked the end of God's focus on and exaltation of [[Israel]].
== Perumpamaan tentang pohon ara ==
{{utama|Perumpamaan tentang pohon ara}}
<div style="font-family:Verdana">
{| class="wikitable" border="2px"
|+ <big>Perumpamaan tentang pohon ara</big>
!style="width: 33%;"| {{Alkitab|Matius 24:32-36}}
!style="width: 33%;"| {{Alkitab|Markus 13:28-32}}
!style="width: 33%;"| {{Alkitab|Lukas 21:29-33}}
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
| <sup>24:32</sup> "<font color="green">Tariklah pelajaran dari perumpamaan tentang pohon ara: Apabila ranting-rantingnya melembut dan mulai bertunas, kamu tahu, bahwa musim panas sudah dekat. 24:33 Demikian juga, jika kamu melihat semuanya ini, ketahuilah, bahwa waktunya sudah dekat, sudah di ambang pintu. 24:34 Aku berkata kepadamu: Sesungguhnya angkatan ini tidak akan berlalu, sebelum semuanya ini terjadi. 24:35 Langit dan bumi akan berlalu, tetapi perkataan-Ku tidak akan berlalu.</font>"
| <sup>13:28</sup> "<font color="green">Tariklah pelajaran dari perumpamaan tentang pohon ara. Apabila ranting-rantingnya melembut dan mulai bertunas, kamu tahu, bahwa musim panas sudah dekat. 13:29 Demikian juga, jika kamu lihat hal-hal itu terjadi, ketahuilah bahwa waktunya sudah dekat, sudah di ambang pintu. 13:30 Aku berkata kepadamu: Sesungguhnya angkatan ini tidak akan berlalu, sebelum semuanya itu terjadi. 13:31 Langit dan bumi akan berlalu, tetapi perkataan-Ku tidak akan berlalu.</font>"
| <sup>21:29</sup> Lalu Yesus mengatakan perumpamaan ini kepada mereka: "<font color="green">Perhatikanlah pohon ara atau pohon apa saja. 21:30 Apabila kamu melihat pohon-pohon itu sudah bertunas, kamu tahu dengan sendirinya bahwa musim panas sudah dekat. 21:31 Demikian juga, jika kamu melihat hal-hal itu terjadi, ketahuilah, bahwa Kerajaan Allah sudah dekat. 21:32 Aku berkata kepadamu: Sesungguhnya angkatan ini tidak akan berlalu, sebelum semuanya terjadi. 21:33 Langit dan bumi akan berlalu, tetapi perkataan-Ku tidak akan berlalu.</font>"
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
| <sup>24:36</sup> "<font color="green">Tetapi tentang hari dan saat itu tidak seorangpun yang tahu, malaikat-malaikat di sorga tidak, dan Anakpun tidak, hanya Bapa sendiri.</font>"
| <sup>13:32</sup> "<font color="green">Tetapi tentang hari atau saat itu tidak seorangpun yang tahu, malaikat-malaikat di sorga tidak, dan Anakpun tidak, hanya Bapa saja.</font>"
|
|}
</div>
 
== Nasihat supaya berjaga-jaga ==
* Jesus' prophecies marked the beginning of the Christian era in God's plan.
 
{{Lihat pula|Nasihat supaya berjaga-jaga|Perumpamaan tentang hamba yang setia dan hamba yang jahat}}
* The Tribulation is God's judgement on Israel for rejecting the [[Messiah]].
 
Setelah semua tanda itu terlihat, Yesus menyatakan bahwa [[Kedatangan Kedua Yesus Kristus|kedatangan Anak Manusia]] akan segera terjadi, dan Ia berkata bahwa "Sesungguhnya angkatan ini tidak akan berlalu, sebelum semuanya itu terjadi." ({{Alkitab|Markus 13:30}})
* The Tribulation judgements will be centred on local events surrounding ancient [[Jerusalem]], and also somewhat affecting other portions of the former [[Roman Empire]].
; Khusus dalam Injil Matius
 
[[Matius 24]]:37-41
* The Tribulation judgements are governed by Jesus as the Christ to reflect his judgement against Israel, thus showing that he is in heaven controlling those events.
: [Yesus berkata:] <sup>24:37</sup> "<font color="green">Sebab sebagaimana halnya pada zaman Nuh, demikian pula halnya kelak pada kedatangan Anak Manusia.<sup>24:38</sup> Sebab sebagaimana mereka pada zaman sebelum air bah itu makan dan minum, kawin dan mengawinkan, sampai kepada hari Nuh masuk ke dalam bahtera, <sup>24:39</sup> dan mereka tidak tahu akan sesuatu, sebelum air bah itu datang dan melenyapkan mereka semua, demikian pulalah halnya kelak pada kedatangan Anak Manusia.<sup>24:40</sup> Pada waktu itu kalau ada dua orang di ladang, yang seorang akan dibawa dan yang lain akan ditinggalkan; <sup>24:41</sup> kalau ada dua orang perempuan sedang memutar batu kilangan, yang seorang akan dibawa dan yang lain akan ditinggalkan.</font>"<ref>{{Alkitab|Matius 24:37-41}}</ref>
 
; Dalam Injil Matius, Markus dan Lukas
; ''Tribulation as a future event'' (Dr. Ice)
<div style="font-family:Verdana">
 
{| class="wikitable" border="2px"
* The Great Tribulation is still to come and is rapidly approaching prospect.
|+ <big>Nasihat supaya berjaga-jaga</big>
 
!style="width: 33%;"| {{Alkitab|Matius 24:42-44}}
* Those events marked the beginning of God's focus on and exaltation of Israel.
!style="width: 33%;"| {{Alkitab|Markus 13:33-37}}
 
!style="width: 33%;"| {{Alkitab|Lukas 21:29-33}}
* The prophecy says the Christian era will be concluded just after the church is taken from the world.
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
 
| <sup>24:42</sup> "<font color="green">Karena itu berjaga-jagalah, sebab kamu tidak tahu pada hari mana Tuhanmu datang.<sup>24:43</sup> Tetapi ketahuilah ini: Jika tuan rumah tahu pada waktu mana pada malam hari pencuri akan datang, sudahlah pasti ia berjaga-jaga, dan tidak akan membiarkan rumahnya dibongkar.<sup>24:44</sup> Sebab itu, hendaklah kamu juga siap sedia, karena Anak Manusia datang pada saat yang tidak kamu duga.</font>"
* Rather than being God's judgement on Israel, it is the preparation of Israel to receive her Messiah.
| <sup>13:33</sup> "<font color="green">Hati-hatilah dan berjaga-jagalah! Sebab kamu tidak tahu bilamanakah waktunya tiba.</font>"
 
|
* The judgements involve catastrophes that literally will affect the stellar universe and impact the entire planet.
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
 
| <sup>24:45</sup> "<font color="green">Siapakah hamba yang setia dan bijaksana, yang diangkat oleh tuannya atas orang-orangnya untuk memberikan mereka makanan pada waktunya? <sup>24:46</sup> Berbahagialah hamba, yang didapati tuannya melakukan tugasnya itu, ketika tuannya itu datang.<sup>24:47</sup> Aku berkata kepadamu: Sesungguhnya tuannya itu akan mengangkat dia menjadi pengawas segala miliknya.<sup>24:48</sup> Akan tetapi apabila hamba itu jahat dan berkata di dalam hatinya: <sup>24:49</sup> Tuanku tidak datang-datang, lalu ia mulai memukul hamba-hamba lain, dan <font color="blue">makan minum bersama-sama pemabuk-pemabuk, <font color="green"><sup>24:50</sup> maka tuan hamba itu akan datang pada hari yang tidak disangkakannya, dan pada saat yang tidak diketahuinya, <sup>24:51</sup> dan akan membunuh dia dan membuat dia senasib dengan orang-orang munafik. Di sanalah akan terdapat ratapan dan kertakan gigi."</font>"
* The coming of Christ in the Tribulation requires his public, visible and physical presence to conclude those judgements.
| <sup>13:34</sup> "<font color="green">Dan halnya sama seperti seorang yang bepergian, yang meninggalkan rumahnya dan menyerahkan tanggung jawab kepada hamba-hambanya, masing-masing dengan tugasnya, dan memerintahkan penunggu pintu supaya berjaga-jaga. 13:35 Karena itu berjaga-jagalah, sebab kamu tidak tahu bilamanakah tuan rumah itu pulang, menjelang malam, atau tengah malam, atau larut malam, atau pagi-pagi buta, 13:36 supaya kalau ia tiba-tiba datang jangan kamu didapatinya sedang tidur. 13:37 Apa yang Kukatakan kepada kamu, Kukatakan kepada semua orang: berjaga-jagalah!</font>"
 
| <sup>21:34</sup> "<font color="green">Jagalah dirimu, supaya hatimu jangan sarat oleh <font color="blue">pesta pora dan kemabukan <font color="green">serta kepentingan-kepentingan duniawi dan supaya hari Tuhan jangan dengan tiba-tiba jatuh ke atas dirimu seperti suatu jerat. 21:35 Sebab ia akan menimpa semua penduduk bumi ini. 21:36 Berjaga-jagalah senantiasa sambil berdoa, supaya kamu beroleh kekuatan untuk luput dari semua yang akan terjadi itu, dan supaya kamu tahan berdiri di hadapan Anak Manusia.</font>"
=== Coming of the Son of Man ===
|}
 
</div>
In the Olivet Discourse, Jesus states that after the time of tribulation and the sign of the sun, moon and stars going dark the ''[[son of man]]'' would be seen arriving in the clouds with power and great [[glory (religion)|glory]]. Jesus would be accompanied by the [[angel]]s and at the trumpet call the angels would gather the elect ([[Chosen people#Christianity|God's chosen]]) from the heavens and the four winds of the earth.{{Bibleref2c|Matt.|24:31|}}
; Khusus dalam Injil Matius
 
Dalam Injil Matius ada sejumlah perumpamaan yang disampaikan di Bukit Zaitun yang tidak dicatat dalam ketiga Injil lainnya
Some Christians have seen this as a prediction of Roman tyranny being overcome by Christianity. Christianity did eventually become the official religion of the Roman Empire. The [[Eastern Roman Empire]] remained Christianized until its fall to the [[Turkish people|Turks]] in 1453, and large portions of its former territory, such as Greece, remain largely Christian to this day.
 
The Synoptics also describe Jesus as stating that "the elect" would be gathered together from across the earth and [[heaven]]. His actual wording is that they would be gathered "from the four winds, from the furthest part of the earth ''to'' the furthest part of heaven". Although most scholars, and almost all Christians, read this as meaning that the gathering would include people not only from earth but also ''from'' heaven, a few Christians, mostly modern American [[Protestant]] [[Premillennialism|Premillennialists]],<ref>Rosen, Christine. ''Preaching Eugenics. '' Oxford Press, 2004. http://books.google.com/books?id=DrKgIIxCHVIC&pg=PA17&lpg=PA17&dq=Protestant+Premillennialists&source=web&ots=ChZsRrqbQJ&sig=z7Xj6CMYPaBuVlmWVYKEtNLd7DU&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=4&ct=result</ref> have interpreted it to mean that people would be gathered from earth and taken ''to'' heaven—a concept known in their circles as the ''[[rapture]]''. Most scholars see this as a quotation of a passage from the [[Book of Zechariah]] in which God (and the contents of heaven in general) are predicted to come to earth and live among ''the elect'', who by necessity are gathered together for this purpose.{{Bibleref2c|Zech.|2:10}} According to the ancient gnostics, this passage was to be interpreted as implying that the teachings of the ''son of man'' would automatically bring those who heard and fully understood them (''the elect'') together.
 
== Imminence ==
 
{{see also|Christian eschatology}}
 
In the Olivet Discourse, Jesus stated that when all these signs are seen, his second coming would be imminent. He went on to say "this generation will not pass away until all these things have taken place." (Mark 13.30)
 
Historically, this has been one of the most difficult passages to resolve with a literal interpretation of the text. At face value it would seem to imply that the disciples would still be alive today. Awkward legends arose suggesting that the disciples to whom Jesus was speaking did not die but remain alive, eventually developing into legends like those of the [[Wandering Jew]] and [[Prester John]]. [[C. S. Lewis]] called this "the most embarrassing verse in the Bible".<ref>C. S. Lewis ''The World's Last Night and Other Essays''</ref>
 
* [[Gadis-gadis yang bijaksana dan gadis-gadis yang bodoh|Perumpamaan tentang gadis-gadis yang bijaksana dan yang bodoh]] ({{Alkitab|Matius 25:1-13}})
* [[Perumpamaan tentang talenta]] ({{Alkitab|Matius 25:14-30}})
* [[Penghakiman terakhir|Perumpamaan tentang kambing dan domba]] ({{Alkitab|Matius 25:31-46}})
== Komentari ==
{{Lihat pula|Eskatologi Kristen}}
Dari sejarahnya, bagian ini termasuk yang paling sulit untuk ditafsirkan secara literal. Sekilas diindikasikan bahwa para murid masih hidup sampai sekarang, sehingga memunculkan sejumlah legenda bahwa para rasul pertama tidaklah mati, tetapi terus hidup, antara lain legenda "[[Yahudi Pengembara]]" dan "[[Prester Yohanes]]". [[C. S. Lewis]] menganggap bagian ini "ayat yang paling tidak mengenakkan dalam Alkitab".<ref>"''the most embarrassing verse in the Bible''". Dalam: C. S. Lewis ''The World's Last Night and Other Essays''</ref>
<!--
The fourth-century church father [[John Chrysostom]] held this interpretation:
 
{{quote|After this, that they might not straightway return to it again, and say, “When?” he brings to their remembrance the things that had been said, saying, “Verily I say unto you, This generation shall not pass, till all these things be fulfilled!” All these things. What things? I pray thee. Those about Jerusalem, those about the wars, about the famines, about the pestilences, about the earthquakes, about the false Christs, about the false prophets, about the sowing of the gospel everywhere, the seditions, the tumults, all the other things, which we said were to occur until His coming. How then, one may ask, did He say, “This generation?” Speaking not of the generation then living, but of that of the believers. For He is wont to distinguish a generation not by times only, but also by the mode of religious service, and practice; as when He saith, “This is the generation of them that seek the Lord. ”|John Chrysostom<ref>http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf110.iii. LXXIV.</ref>}}
 
In the earliest known Christian document, the [[First Epistle to the Thessalonians]], [[Paul the Apostle|Paul]] seems to envisage that he and the Christians to whom he was writing would see the [[resurrection of the dead]] within their own lifetimes: "For this we declare to you by a word from the Lord, that we who are alive, who are left until the coming of the Lord, will not precede those who have fallen asleep. (ESV)"{{bibleref2c-nb|1Thes|4:15-17|9}} Some argue that the [[Second Epistle to the Thessalonians]] was [[Authorship of the Pauline Epistles|forged]], essentially for the sole purpose of contradicting the first epistle.<ref>Without agreeing with this theory, biblical scholar Leon Morris reports it in his book ''The First and Second Epistles to the Thessalonians''. Eerdmans, 1991. {{ISBN |978-0-8028-2512-4}}</ref>
 
In modern times, a popular (but far from unanimous) opinion is that Jesus in the Olivet Discourse is using the [[Apocalypse|apocalyptic]] language of his time ''symbolically, '' as did many Jewish prophets. Nevertheless, throughout history there have been many groups who read the discourse literally. [[Christian philosophy|Christian thought]] continues to include groups who say that ''the end of the world is near'', some even giving exact dates which have since come and gone without an intervening end of world (see also [[Second Coming#Predictions and claims of the Second Coming|Second Coming]]).<ref>Ravitz, Jessica. "Road trip to the end of the world". [http://www.cnn.com/2011/LIVING/03/06/judgment.day.caravan/index.html] Accessed 6 May 2013</ref> Some Christians believe that predictions of several events are related: the second coming of Jesus, the war of [[Armageddon]], the arrival on earth of the Antichrist, the Tribulation, the Rapture, some horrendous natural disaster, etc. Jewish, Islamic, psychic and occult predictions have also been offered as well. Some very prominent individuals have been consistently wrong when they predicted the end of the world. End-of-the-world predictions have been common throughout Christianity and other religions for almost 2000 years.
 
Some Christians believe that predictions of several events are related: the second coming of Jesus, the war of Armageddon, the arrival on earth of the Antichrist, the Tribulation, the Rapture, some horrendous natural disaster, etc. Jewish, Islamic, psychic and occult predictions have also been offered as well. Some very prominent individuals have been consistently wrong when they predicted the end of the world. End-of-the-world predictions have been common throughout Christianity and other religions for almost 2000 years.
 
== Interpretations ==
 
==Interpretations==
There are four quite different interpretations of {{Bibleref2|Matthew|24}}. By far the more prominent are futurism and preterism. Futurism dominates the more conservative theological viewpoints at present, though preterism is seen in a resurgence.
 
=== Idealism ===
 
{{Main|Idealism (Christian eschatology)}}
 
The [[Idealism (Christian eschatology)|Idealist]] (timeless) sees no evidence of timing of prophetic events in the Bible. Thus they conclude that their timing cannot be determined in advance. Idealists see prophetic passages as being of great value in teaching truths about God to be applied to present life.
 
Idealism is primarily associated with liberal scholarship, and is not a major factor in current evangelical Christian deliberation over when prophecy will be fulfilled.<ref name=DTS/>
 
=== Preterism ===
 
{{Main|Preterism}}
Preterism<ref name=DTS/> considers that most, if not all, prophecy has been fulfilled already, usually in relation to the [[destruction of Jerusalem]] by the Romans in 70CE.
 
*[[Partial preterism]] says that most (but not all) Bible prophecy, including everything within Matthew 24, Daniel, and Revelation up to chapters 19 or 20, has already been fulfilled when Jerusalem was destroyed.<ref>Gentry, Kenneth L. Jr. "Falsely Declaring 'The Time. ' The Great Tribulation in Progressive Dispensationalism (Part 5)". Dispensationalism in Transition: Challenging Traditional Dispensationalism's 'Code of Silence. ' November 1998. Online: http://reformed-theology.org/ice/newslet/dit/dit11.98.htm. Accessed: 13 December 2008.</ref> Since it still includes belief in a future physical [[Second Coming]] of Christ, the [[resurrection of the dead]], and the [[last judgment]], [[partial preterism]] falls within the parameters of [[orthodoxy]] because it conforms to the early Christian [[creed]]s.
[[Preterism]]<ref name=DTS/> (from Latin for "past") considers that most, if not all, prophecy has been fulfilled already, usually in relation to the [[destruction of Jerusalem]] by the Romans in AD 70. This doctrine differs on some important points:
*[[Full preterism]] says all biblical prophecy was fulfilled by 70CE. It does not hold to a future judgment, return of Christ, or resurrection of the dead (at least not for non-Christians). Due to the belief that all biblical prophecy has been fulfilled, it is sometimes considered "radical" and usually described as "unorthodox" because it goes against the [[ecumenical creeds]] of early Christianity.
 
===Historicism===
* [[Partial preterism]] says that ''most'' (but not all) Bible prophecy, including everything within Matthew 24, Daniel, and Revelation up to chapters 19 or 20, has already been fulfilled when Jerusalem was destroyed.<ref>Gentry, Kenneth L. Jr. "Falsely Declaring 'The Time. ' The Great Tribulation in Progressive Dispensationalism (Part 5)". Dispensationalism in Transition: Challenging Traditional Dispensationalism's 'Code of Silence. ' November 1998. Online: http://reformed-theology.org/ice/newslet/dit/dit11.98.htm. Accessed: 13 December 2008.</ref> Since it still includes belief in a future physical "[[Second Coming]]" of Christ, the [[resurrection of the dead]], and the [[last judgment]], [[partial preterism]] falls within the parameters of [[orthodoxy]] because it conforms to the early Christian [[creed]]s.
{{Main|Historicism (Christianity)}}
Historicism considers that most prophecy has been or will be fulfilled during the present church age. It was the chief view of Protestants from the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] until the mid-19th century. Only among [[Seventh-day Adventist Church|Seventh-day Adventist]]s is historicism applied to current conservative Christian interpretation of Tribulation understanding.<ref name=DTS/>
 
===Futurism===
* [[Full preterism]] says ''all'' biblical prophecy was fulfilled by AD 70. It does not hold to a future judgment, return of Christ, or resurrection of the dead (at least not for non-Christians). Due to the belief that ''all'' biblical prophecy has been fulfilled, it is sometimes considered "radical" and usually described as "unorthodox" because it goes against the [[Ecumenical creeds]] of early Christianity.
{{Main|Futurism (Christianity)}}
 
Futurism typically holds that all major unfulfilled prophecies will be fulfilled during a global time of catastrophe and war known as the [[Great Tribulation]], in which many other prophecies will be fulfilled during or after the [[Millennialism|Millennium Reign]] of Jesus Christ. According to many futurists, many predictions are currently being fulfilled during the Church Age, in which [[antinomianism|lawlessness]] and [[apostasy]] are currently plaguing secular society. This is seen as a major sign of the approaching fulfillment of all other prophecies during the Tribulation. Within [[evangelical Christianity]] over the past 150 years, futurism has come to be the dominant view of prophecy. However, around the 1970s evangelical preterism—the polar opposite of futurism—was seen as a new challenge to the dominance of futurism, particularly within the Reformed tradition. Yet, futurism continues as the prevalent view for the time being.<ref name=DTS/>{{Rp|p.7}}
=== Historicism ===
 
{{Main|Historicism (Christian eschatology)}}
 
'''[[Historicism (Christian eschatology)|Historicism]]''' considers that most prophecy has been or will be fulfilled during the present church age. It was the chief view of Protestants from the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] until the mid-19th century. Only among [[Seventh-day Adventist Church|Seventh-day Adventist]]s is historicism applied to current conservative Christian interpretation of Tribulation understanding.<ref name=DTS/>
 
=== Futurism ===
 
{{Main|Futurism (Christian eschatology)}}
 
'''[[Futurism (Christian eschatology)|Futurism]]''' typically holds that all major unfulfilled prophecies will be fulfilled during a global time of catastrophe and war known as the [[Great Tribulation]], in which many other prophecies will be fulfilled during or after the [[Millennialism|Millennium Reign]] of Jesus Christ. According to many futurists, many predictions are currently being fulfilled during the Church Age, in which [[antinomianism|lawlessness]] and [[apostasy]] are currently plaguing secular society. This is seen as a major sign of the approaching fulfillment of all other prophecies during the Tribulation. Within [[evangelical Christianity]] over the past 150 years, futurism has come to be the dominant view of prophecy. However, around the 1970s evangelical preterism—the polar opposite of futurism—was seen as a new challenge to the dominance of futurism, particularly within the Reformed tradition. Yet, futurism continues as the prevalent view for the time being.<ref name=DTS/>{{Rp|p.7}}
 
Futurists anticipate many coming events that will fulfill all eschatological prophecy: the seven-year period of tribulation, the [[Antichrist]]'s global government<ref>http://www.deeptruths.com/articles/rise_reign_ac.html</ref> the Battle of Armageddon, the Second Coming of Jesus, the millennial reign of Christ, the eternal state, and the [[Christian eschatology#Two Resurrections|two resurrections]].
 
* In his popular book, ''The Late Great Planet Earth, '' first published in 1970, evangelical Christian author [[Hal Lindsey]] argued that prophetical information in Matthew 24 indicates that the “generation” witnessing the “rebirth of Israel” is the same generation that will observe the fulfillment of the “signs” referred to in {{Bibleref2|Matthew|24:1-33}}—and that would be consummated by the second coming of Christ in approximately 1988. He dated it from the “rebirth of Israel” in 1948, and took a generation to be “something like forty years. ”<ref>Lindsey, Hal. ''The Late Great Planet Earth''. Grand Rapids, MI. Zondervan, 1970.</ref> Lindsey later stretched his forty-year timetable to as long as one hundred years, writing that he was no longer certain that the terminal "generation" commenced with the rebirth of Israel.<ref>Lindsey, Hal. 1977. ''Eternity'', January 1977</ref>
 
* Another detailed analysis, one written by theologian Ray Stedman, calls it the "Olivet Prophecy: The most detailed prediction in the Bible". According to Stedman: "There are many predictive passages in both the Old and New Testaments, but none is clearer or more detailed than the message Jesus delivered from the Mount of Olives. This message was given during the turbulent events of the Lord's last week before the cross".<ref name=Stedman/>
Hanya di Injil Matius:
 
Matius 24:45-51 = Perumpamaan tentang hamba yang setia dan hamba yang jahat (Lukas 12:41-48)
Matius 25:1-13 = Gadis-gadis yang bijaksana dan gadis-gadis yang bodoh
Matius 25:14-30 = Perumpamaan tentang talenta (Lukas 19:12-27)
Matius 25:31-46 = Penghakiman terakhir
Matius 26:1-5 Pemberitahuan keempat tentang penderitaan Yesus
-->
 
== Lihat pula ==
 
{{Portal|Kristen}}
{{col|2}}
 
* [[Armagedon]]
 
* [[Eskatologi Kristen]]
* [[Lima Amanat Matius]]
 
* [[:en:Five Discourses of Matthew|Lima kotbah Yesus dalam Injil Matius]]
 
* [[Kenosis]]
 
* [[Pengadilan terakhir]]
 
* [[Perumpamaan Yesus]]
* [[Kronologi kehidupan Yesus]]
 
* [[Kedatangan kedua Kristus]]
{{end-col}}
* Bagian [[Alkitab]] yang berkaitan: [[Injil Matius]]: [[Matius 24|pasal 24]] [[Matius 25|dan 25]]; [[Injil Markus]]: [[Markus 13|pasal 13]]; [[Injil Lukas]]: [[Lukas 21|pasal 21]]
 
{{s-start}}
* [[Injil Matius]]: [[Matius 24|pasal 24]][[Matius 25| dan 25]]
{{s-hou|[[Kronologi Yesus|Kehidupan Yesus]]: [[Minggu Sengsara|Kesengsaraan]]|||}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Penawaran Yudas]]<br>[[Bait Allah akan diruntuhkan]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Peristiwa dalam<br>[[Perjanjian Baru]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Rencana untuk membunuh Yesus]]<br>[[Perjamuan Malam Terakhir]]}}
{{end}}
 
== Referensi ==
* [[Injil Markus]]: [[Markus 13|pasal 13]]
 
* [[Injil Lukas]]: [[Lukas 21|pasal 21]]
 
== Referensi==
 
{{Reflist|2}}
 
{{Matius}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Olivet Discourse}}
{{Markus}}
{{Lukas}}
{{Authority control}}
 
[[Kategori:Eskatologi Kristen]]
 
[[Kategori:Istilah Kristen]]
 
[[Kategori:Ajaran Yesus]]
 
[[Kategori:Injil Matius]]
 
[[Kategori:Injil Markus]]
 
[[Kategori:Injil Lukas]]