Louis Antoine de Saint-Just: Perbedaan antara revisi

| birth_place = [[Decize]], PerancisPrancis

'''Louis Antoine Léon de Saint-Just'''{{efn|Penggunaan tradisional dari ''nom de terre'' ("[[fee (masa jabatan feodal)|nama lahan]]") tanpa menggunakan [[penyebutan kebangsawanan]].}} ({{IPA-fr|sɛ̃ʒyst}}; {{lahirmati||25|8|1767||28|7|1794}}) adalah seorang pemimpin politik dan militer pada masa [[Revolusi PerancisPrancis]]. Sebagai deputi termuda yang terpilih dalam [[Konvensi Nasional]] pada 1792, Saint-Just cepat meningkatkan pangkatnya dan menjadi pemimpin besar dari pemerintahan [[Republik PerancisPrancis Pertama]]. Ia merebakkan gerakan untuk mengeksekusi Raja [[Louis XVI]] dan kemudian merancang [[Konstitusi PerancisPrancis 1793]] yang radikal.

Ia merupakan teman dekat [[Maximilien Robespierre]], dan menjabat dengannya sebagai salah satu komisioner [[Komite Keamanan Publik]] yang berkuasa. Disamping menjadi komisar tentara pada awal [[Peperangan Revolusioner PerancisPrancis]], Saint-Just menghimpun beberapa disiplin, dan ia dikenal oleh beberapa orang karena kebangkitan lanjutan tentaranya pada garis depan. Kembali ke Paris, ia menaungi konsolidasi kekuasaan Robespierre melalui program intimidasi yang kejam dan berdarah. Dalam masa kejayaannya pada panggung sejarah, ia menjadi wajah publik dari [[Pemerintahan Teror]] dan dijuluki "Malaikat Kematian" oleh para penulis pada masa berikutnya. Saint-Just mengadakan penangkapan dan penyiksaan beberapa figur paling terkenal dari Revolusi tersebut.

Saint-Just ditangkap dalam peristiwa kekerasan [[9 Thermidor]] dan dieksekusi sehari berikutnya dengan Robespierre dan para sekutu mereka. Dalam beberapa [[Historiografi Revolusi PerancisPrancis|catatan sejarah Revolusi]], kematian mereka di [[guillotine]] menandakan akhir Pemerintahan Teror.

== Catatan ==

== Referensi ==

== Daftar pustaka ==

* {{Cite book|last=Abensour|first=Miguel|title="Saint-Just and the Problem of Heroism in the French Revolution." ''In'' The French Revolution and the Birth of Modernity ''edited by Feher Ferenc''|year=1990|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley|isbn=978-0-520-07120-9 }}

* {{Cite book |title=The Terror: The Merciless War for Freedom in Revolutionary France |last=Andress |first=David |year=2006 |publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux |location=New York |isbn=0-374-53073-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G21uPAhnQQ0C }}

* {{Cite book |title=The French Revolution: A Political History, 1789-1804 |last=Aulard |first=François |authorlink=François Victor Alphonse Aulard |year=1910 |volume=II |publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons |location=New York |isbn= |oclc= 25917606 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UJMJAQAAIAAJ }}

* {{Cite book|last=Baker|first=Keith Michael |title=The Old regime and the French Revolution|url=https://books.google.com/?id=MB5zuyyQ4rMC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false |year=1987|publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |isbn=978-0-226-06950-0 }}

* {{Cite book|last=Bax |first=Ernest Belfort |authorlink=Ernest Belfort Bax |title=The Story of the French Revolution|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zoVYvgvl4u4C |year=1890|publisher=Swan Sonnenschein |location=London|oclc= 6024337 }}

* {{Cite book |last=Béraud |first=Henri |authorlink=Henri Béraud |title=Twelve portraits of the French Revolution |year=1968 |origyear=1928 |publisher= Books for Libraries Press |location=Freeport, NY |oclc=427303 }}

* {{Cite book|last1=Büchner |first1=Georg |last2=Price|first2=Victor |title=The Plays of Georg Büchner |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mE67mNxg00EC |year=1971 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-281120-2 }}

* {{Cite book |title=Saint-Just: Apostle of the Terror |url=https://archive.org/details/saintjustapostle00bruu |last=Bruun |first=Geoffrey |authorlink=Geoffrey Bruun |year=1966 |publisher=Archon Books |location=Hamden, CT |oclc=1142850 }}

* {{Cite book |last=Camus |first=Albert |authorlink=Albert Camus |title=The Rebel: an essay on man in revolt |year=1991 |origyear=1951 |publisher=Vintage International |location=New York |isbn=0-679-73384-1 }}

* {{Cite book |last=Carlyle |first=Thomas |authorlink=Thomas Carlyle |title=The French Revolution: A History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MUYQAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false |volume=II |year=1860 |origyear=1837 |publisher=Harper & Bros |location=New York |oclc= 14208955 }}

* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Saint-Just, Antoine Louis Léon de Richebourg de|volume=24|pages=20-21 }}

* {{Cite book |last=Curtis |first=Eugene Newton |title=Saint-Just, colleague of Robespierre |year=1973 |publisher=Octagon Books |location=New York |isbn=0-374-92010-9 }}

* {{Cite book |last=Doyle |first=William |authorlink=William Doyle (historian) |title=The Oxford History of the French Revolution |url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryoff0000doyl |edition=2 |year=1990 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford; New York|isbn=978-0-19-925298-5 }}

* {{Cite book |last=Hampson |first=Norman |authorlink=Norman Hampson |title=Saint-Just |url=https://archive.org/details/saintjust0000hamp |year=1991 |publisher=Basil Blackwell, Ltd.|location=Oxford |isbn=0-631-16233-X }}

* {{Cite journal|last=Hazani|first=Moshe|year=1989|title=The Duel That Never Was|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/3791590|journal=International Society of Political Psychology|volume=10|issue=1 |oclc=482537177 |doi=10.2307/3791590 |via=JSTOR}}

* {{Cite book |last=Higonnet |first=Patrice |title=Goodness Beyond Virtue: Jacobins During the French Revolution |year=1998 |publisher=Harvard University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=0-674-47061-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vk8v9yD7rwgC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false }}

* {{Cite book |last=Jordan |first=David P. |title=The King's Trial: Louis XVI vs. the French Revolution |year=1979 |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley |isbn= 0-520-03684-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0sigPXBq4IEC }}

* {{Cite book |last=Knee |first=Philip |contribution=An Ethics of Measure: Camus and Rousseau |editor-last=Daigle |editor-first=Christine |title=Existentialist Thinkers and Ethics |year=2006 |publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press |location= Montreal |isbn=978-0-7735-3138-3 |contribution-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Be1HgAPAzF4C&pg=PA107 }}

* {{Cite book|last=Loomis |first=Stanley |authorlink=Stanley Loomis |title=Paris in the Terror |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-7dHm9JEiEgC |year=1986 |publisher=Richardson & Steirman |isbn=978-0-931933-18-9 }}

* {{Cite book |editor1-first=L. |editor1-last=Mason |editor2-first=T. |editor2-last=Rizzo |title=The French Revolution: A Document Collection |url=https://archive.org/details/frenchrevolution00maso |year=1999 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |location=Boston |isbn=0-669-41780-7 }}

* {{Cite book |last=Monar |first=Jörg |title=Saint-Just: Sohn, Denker und Protagonist der Revolution |language=German |year=1993 |publisher=Bouvier |location=Bonn |isbn=3-416-02466-4 }}

* {{Cite book |last=Palmer |first=R.R. |authorlink=Robert Roswell Palmer |title=Twelve Who Ruled |year=1969 |origyear=1941 |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton, NJ |isbn=0-691-05119-4 }}

* {{Cite book |last=Rudé |first=George |authorlink=George Rudé |title=The French Revolution |year=1988 |publisher=Grove Weidenfeld |location=New York |isbn=0-8021-3272-3 }}

* {{Cite book |last=Schama |first=Simon |authorlink=Simon Schama |title=[[Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution]] |year=1989 |publisher=Vintage |location=New York |isbn=0-679-72610-1 }}

* {{Cite book |last=Scurr |first=Ruth |authorlink=Ruth Scurr |title=Fatal Purity: Robespierre and the French Revolution |year=1989 |publisher=Vintage |isbn=978-0-09-945898-2 }}

* {{Cite book |last=Soboul |first=Albert |authorlink=Albert Soboul |title=The French Revolution 1787–1799 |url=https://archive.org/details/frenchrevolution00sobo |year=1975 |publisher=Vintage |location=New York |isbn=0-394-71220-X }}

* {{Cite book |last=Soboul |first=Albert |title=The Sans-culottes |year=1980 |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton, NJ |isbn=0-691-00782-9 }}

* {{Cite book|last=Stephens |first=Henry Morse |authorlink=Henry Morse Stephens| title=The Principal Speeches of the Statesmen and Orators of the French Revolution, 1789-1795 |year=1892|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford |oclc= 759870 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tY8aAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA470 }}

* {{Cite book |last=Ten Brink |first=Jan |authorlink=Jan ten Brink |title=Robespierre and the Red Terror |year=1899 |publisher=Hutchinson & Co. |location=London |oclc=2988851|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ts_cdcKhifMC&dq=Louis%20Antoine%20de%20Saint-Just%20%2BOrgant&pg=PA105#v=onepage&q=Louis%20Antoine%20de%20Saint-Just%20+Organt&f=false }}

* {{Cite book |last=Thompson |first=James Matthew |title=Robespierre |volume=1 |year=1968 |origyear=1935 |publisher=Howard Fertig |location=New York |isbn= |oclc=401482 }}

* {{Cite book |title=Regicide and Revolution: Speeches at the Trial of Louis XVI |url=https://archive.org/details/regiciderevoluti00walz |editor=Walzer, Michael |year=1974 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=London |isbn= 0-521-20370-8 }}

* {{Cite book |last=Vinot |first=Bernard |title=Saint-Just |language=French |year=2002 |origyear=1985 |publisher=Grand livre du mois |location=Paris |isbn=2-7028-8040-1 }}

* {{Cite book |last=Vinot |first=Bernard |title=Saint-Just |language=French |year=1985 |publisher=Fayard |location=Paris |isbn=978-2-213-01386-2 }}

== Bacaan tambahan ==

== Pranala luar ==