Tuduhan pelecehan seksual Harvey Weinstein: Perbedaan antara revisi

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[[Berkas:Harvey_Weinstein_2011_Shankbone.JPG|jmpl|250px|Harvey Weinstein pada tahun 2011]]
Pada Oktober 2017, ''[[The New York Times]]'' dan ''[[The New Yorker]]'' melaporkan bahwa puluhan wanita telah menuduh [[Harvey Weinstein]], seorang [[produser film]] terkemuka asal Amerika Serikat, dengan [[pelecehan seksual]], kekerasan seksual, atau [[pemerkosaan]]. Lebih dari 80 perempuan yang bekerja dalam industri film telah menuduh Weinstein dengan tindakan tersebut. Weinstein menolak "segala hubungan seks non-konsensual".
 
Tak lama setelah tuduhan pertama diterbitkan, Weinstein dipecat dari perusahaannya sendiri, [[The Weinstein Company]], dan keanggotaannya dicabut dari [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]], serta beberapa asosiasi profesional lainnya. Investigasi kriminal yang didasarkan pada laporan dari setidaknya enam perempuan saat ini sedang diproses oleh lembaga berwenang di Los Angeles, New York City, dan London.
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[[Berkas:GwynethPaltrowByAndreaRaffin2011.jpg|jmpl|200px|Pada 1998, [[Gwyneth Paltrow]] adalah satu di antara perempuan lain yang pertama kali menyinggung perilaku Weinstein secara publik.]]
[[Berkas:Life_Ball_2014_Courtney_Love_Crop.png|jmpl|200px|[[Courtney Love]] sempat memperingatkan aktris muda soal Weinstein pada tahun 2005.]]
[[Harvey Weinstein]] dan saudaranya, Bob Weinstein, membentuk perusahaan produksi film Miramax dan memimpin perusahaan tersebut dari tahun 1979 hingga 2005.<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=http://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/features/2003/04/max-weinstein-200304|title=All Thanks to Max|last=Weinstein|first=Bob|date=April 2003|work=[[Vanity Fair (magazinemajalah)|Vanity Fair]]|access-date=October 12, 2017}}</ref> Pada bulan Maret 2005, Weinstein kemudian mendirikan [[The Weinstein Company]] dan meninggalkan Miramax pada September pada tahun yang sama.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/robcain/2017/10/12/weinstein-company-can-kiss-its-oscar-prospects-goodbye/|title=The Weinstein Company Can Kiss Its Oscar Prospects Goodbye|last=Cain|first=Rob|date=October 12, 2017|work=[[Forbes]]|access-date=October 12, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.indiewire.com/2005/03/weinsteins-leaving-miramax-will-form-new-company-brothers-taking-dimension-label-leaving-all-fil-78326/|title=Weinstein's Leaving Miramax, Will Form New Company; Brothers Taking Dimension Label, Leaving All Film Libraries at Disney|last=Hernandez|first=Eugene|date=March 30, 2005|publisher=IndieWire|access-date=October 12, 2017}}</ref>
 
Rumor bahwa Weinstein melakukan "pelecehan seksual dengan modus untuk mendapatkan pekerjaan" (''casting couch'') telah beredar di [[Hollywood]] selama bertahun-tahun, dan figur hiburan pada masa itu berkali-kali menyinggung tindakan tersebut.<ref name="Axios October 14, 2017">{{cite news|url=https://www.axios.com/the-previous-hints-of-harvey-weinsteins-behavior-2495642089.html|title=The hints of Weinstein's behavior that went ignored|date=October 14, 2017|publisher=[[Axios (website)|Axios]]|language=en|accessdate=October 14, 2017}}</ref> Setelah tuduhan itu diterbitkan, sutradara [[Quentin Tarantino]] mengatakan bahwa dia sudah mengetahui Weinstein telah melecehkan aktris selama berpuluh-puluh tahun.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/19/movies/tarantino-weinstein.html|title=Tarantino on Weinstein: 'I Knew Enough to Do More Than I Did'|last=Kantor|first=Jodi|date=19 October 2017|work=The New York Times|access-date=4 November 2017}}</ref> Sejauh paling awal pada 1998, [[Gwyneth Paltrow]] mengatakan dalam ''[[Late Show with David Letterman|Late Show dengan David Letterman]]'' bahwa Weinstein "akan memaksa Anda untuk melakukan satu atau dua hal". Pada 2005, [[Courtney Love]] menyarankan para aktris muda dalam sebuah wawancara, "Jika Harvey Weinstein mengundang Anda untuk sebuah pesta pribadi di [[Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts|Four Seasons]], jangan pergi."<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/10/15/courtney-love-warned-actresses-harvey-weinstein-2005/|title=Courtney Love warned actresses about Harvey Weinstein in 2005|date=October 15, 2017|work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]|access-date=October 15, 2017}}</ref> Pada 2010, sebuah artikel berjudul "Harvey Girls"<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.pajiba.com/think_pieces/harveys-girls-the-wouldbe-ingenues-where-are-they-now-and-what-happened-then.php|title=Harvey's Girls|last=Enlow|first=Courtney|date=December 21, 2010|publisher=Pajiba|access-date=October 14, 2017}}</ref> untuk ''Pajiba'' menyinggung reputasi Weinstein dan "''casting couch''"-nya: "Setiap beberapa tahun, Harvey mengambil seorang gadis baru sebagai peliharaannya". Pada 2012, salah satu karakter serial TV ''[[30 Rock]]'' berkata: "Saya tidak takut dengan siapapun dalam bisnis pertunjukan, saya menolak hubungan seksual dengan Harvey Weinstein tidak kurang dari tiga kali, dari lima." Pada upacara pengumuman nominasi [[Academy Awards ke-85|Oscar tahun 2013]], [[Seth MacFarlane]] bercanda saat mengumumkan nominasi untuk [[Aktris Pendukung Terbaik (Oscar)|Aktris Pendukung Terbaik]]: "Selamat, Anda kelima perempuan tidak perlu lagi berpura-pura tertarik dengan Harvey Weinstein."
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[[Berkas:Annabella_Sciorra_at_the_2008_Tribeca_Film_Festival.JPG|jmpl|200px|Annabella Sciorra]]
[[Berkas:Léa_Seydoux,_Venice_Intl_Film_Festival,_2009_(crop).jpg|jmpl|200px|Léa Seydoux]]
Termasuk dengan laporan pertama pada tahun 2017, lebih dari 80<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newsweek.com/harvey-weinstein-accusers-sexual-assault-harassment-696485|title=Harvey Weinstein Accusers: Over 80 Women Now Claim Producer Sexually Assaulted or Harassed Them|last=Williams|first=Janice|date=October 30, 2017|publisher=[[Newsweek]]|access-date=November 2, 2017}}</ref> perempuan telah menuduh Weinstein dengan pelecehan seksual, kekerasan seksual, atau pemerkosaan. Sekelompok dari mereka, yang dipimpin oleh [[Asia Argento]], merilis daftar<ref name="List">{{Cite web|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/u/1/d/1Z95WVLLbh6M1U_Ch4vbfKuJtUmznu-ZgM9yHFBJl68I/htmlview|title=List|last=Asia Argento et al.|website=docs.google.com|access-date=8 November 2017|archive-date=2020-03-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322110116/https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/u/1/d/1Z95WVLLbh6M1U_Ch4vbfKuJtUmznu-ZgM9yHFBJl68I/htmlview|dead-url=yes}} CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. ([[:Kategori:CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al.|link]])</ref> lebih dari 100 tuduhan kasus pelecehan seksual yang dilakukan Weinstein antara tahun 1980 hingga 2015, pada November 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/nov/07/harvey-weinstein-sexual-abuse-accusers-list|title='Stand united': Weinstein accusers join forces to publish list of allegations|last=Levin|first=Sam|date=7 November 2017|work=The Guardian|access-date=8 November 2017}}</ref> Di dalam insiden yang dilaporkan dalam daftar, 18 diantaranya adalah tuduhan pemerkosaan.
</ref> lebih dari 100 tuduhan kasus pelecehan seksual yang dilakukan Weinstein antara tahun 1980 hingga 2015, pada November 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/nov/07/harvey-weinstein-sexual-abuse-accusers-list|title='Stand united': Weinstein accusers join forces to publish list of allegations|last=Levin|first=Sam|date=7 November 2017|work=The Guardian|access-date=8 November 2017}}</ref> Di dalam insiden yang dilaporkan dalam daftar, 18 diantaranya adalah tuduhan pemerkosaan.
 
Menurut laporan para perempuan itu, Weinstein akan mengundang aktris atau model muda ke dalam kamar hotel atau kantor dengan dalih membahas karier mereka, dan kemudian meminta mereka untuk memijat atau hubungan seks. Mantan rekan-rekan dan mitra kerja dari Weinstein juga mengatakan kepada wartawan bahwa kegiatan-kegiatan tersebut dapat terjadi dengan bantuan karyawan, rekanan dan agen yang mengatur pertemuan tersebut, serta pengacara dan humas yang akan menghentikan keluhan terhadap Weinstein dengan bayaran dan ancaman.<ref name="The Guardian October 13, 2017">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/oct/13/harvey-weinstein-allegations-hollywood-enablers|title='Pack of hyenas': how Harvey Weinstein's power fuelled a culture of enablers|last1=Levin|first1=Sam|date=October 13, 2017|work=The Guardian|last2=Carroll|first2=Rory|accessdate=October 13, 2017}}</ref>
Baris 54 ⟶ 53:
# Juls Bindi, terapis pijat<ref>{{cite news|title=Video: Massage therapist claims Weinstein sexually assaulted her: Part 3|url=http://abcnews.go.com/2020/video/massage-therapist-claims-weinstein-sexually-assaulted-part-50474356|publisher=ABC News|accessdate=October 17, 2017|language=en}}</ref>
# Cynthia Burr, aktris<ref name="Gabler">{{cite web|last1=Gabler|first1=Ellen|last2=Twohey|first2=Megan|last3=Kantor|first3=Jodi|title=New Accusers Expand Harvey Weinstein Sexual Assault Claims to Four Decades|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/30/us/harvey-weinstein-sexual-assault-allegations.html|website=The New York Times|accessdate=30 October 2017|date=30 October 2017}}</ref>
# [[Liza Campbell]], penulis dan seniman<ref name="Vanity Fair October 12, 2017">{{cite news |last1=Desta |first1=Yohana |last2=Busis |first2=Hillary |title=These Are the Women Who Have Accused Harvey Weinstein of Sexual Harassment and Assault |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/10/harvey-weinstein-accusers-sexual-harassment-assault-rose-mcgowan-ashley-judd-gwyneth-paltrow |accessdate=October 12, 2017 |work=[[Vanity Fair (magazinemajalah)|Vanity Fair]] |date=October 12, 2017 |language=en}}</ref>
# [[Marisa Coughlan]], aktris dan penulis<ref>{{cite news|title=Marisa Coughlan Comes Forward With Harvey Weinstein Story: "He Wanted to Barter Sex for Movie Roles"|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/marisa-coughlan-comes-forward-harvey-weinstein-story-1049896|accessdate=October 18, 2017|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=October 18, 2017|language=en}}</ref>
# [[Emma de Caunes]], aktris<ref name="Farrow"/>
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# [[Natassia Malthe]], aktris<ref name="Variety October 25, 2017">{{cite news|last1=Wagmeister|first1=Elizabeth|title=Actress Accuses Harvey Weinstein of Rape, Says He Asked for Threesome During Meeting|url=http://variety.com/2017/film/news/harvey-weinstein-sexual-assault-rape-natassia-malthe-allegations-1202599059/|accessdate=October 25, 2017|work=Variety|date=October 25, 2017}}</ref>
# [[Julianna Margulies]], aktris<ref>{{cite news|last1=Haring|first1=Bruce|title=Julianna Margulies Claims Sex Harassment By Harvey Weinstein, Steven Seagal|url=http://deadline.com/2017/11/juliana-margulies-claims-sex-harass-by-harvey-weinstein-and-steven-seagal-1202201691/|accessdate=November, 8 2017|work=Deadline|date=November 4, 2017}}</ref>
# [[Brit Marling]], aktris<ref>{{cite web|last1=Marling|first1=Brit|title=Harvey Weinstein and the Economics of Consent|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2017/10/harvey-weinstein-and-the-economics-of-consent/543618/|website=[[The Atlantic]]|accessdate=November 5, 2017|date=October 23, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2017/biz/news/actress-brit-marling-harvey-weinstein-sexual-harassment-1202596595/|title=Actress Brit Marling Alleges Harvey Weinstein Suggested They Shower Together|website=[[Variety (magazinemajalah)|Variety]]|first=Rebecca|last=Rubin|date=October 23, 2017|accessdate=October 23, 2017}}</ref>
# [[Sarah Ann Masse]], aktris, komedian, and penulis<ref name="Vanity Fair October 12, 2017"/>
# [[Ashley Matthau]], aktris<ref name="Gabler"/>
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# Samantha Panagrosso, mantan model<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dunnbar |first1=Polly |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4981232/Italian-model-says-Weinstein-boasted-slept-stars.html |title=Italian model reveals Harvey Weinstein boasted he had slept with A-list stars in a bid to bed her |work=[[Daily Mail]] |date=October 14, 2017 |accessdate=October 20, 2017}}</ref>
# Zelda Perkins, karyawan Weinstein<ref name="Vanity Fair October 12, 2017"/>
# [[Vu Thu Phuong]], aktris dan wiraswasta<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kiefer |first1=Halle |url=http://www.vulture.com/2017/10/actress-vu-thu-phuong-weinstein-wanted-to-teach-sex-scenes.html |title=Vietnamese Actress Vu Thu Phuong Says Harvey Weinstein Suggested He Teach Her How to Perform Sex Scenes in a Hotel Room |work=[[New York (magazinemajalah)|New York]] |date=October 16, 2017 |accessdate=October 20, 2017}}</ref>
# [[Sarah Polley]], aktris, penulis, dan sutradara<ref>{{cite news |last1=Polley |first1=Sarah |title=Sarah Polley: The Men You Meet Making Movies |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/14/opinion/sunday/harvey-weinstein-sarah-polley.html |accessdate=October 14, 2017 |work=The New York Times |date=October 14, 2017}}</ref>
# Tomi-Ann Roberts, profesor psikologi dan mantan aktris<ref name="Kantor101017"/>
# Lisa Rose, karyawan Miramax<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-41602224 |title=What it was like to work for Harvey Weinstein |last= |first= |date=October 13, 2017 |publisher=BBC News Online|accessdate=October 13, 2017}}</ref>
# Erika Rosenbaum, aktris<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.cbc.ca/radio/thecurrent/the-current-for-october-13-2017-1.4352029/he-really-took-something-from-me-montreal-actress-erika-rosenbaum-says-harvey-weinstein-assaulted-her-1.4353082 |title='He really took something from me': Montreal actress Erika Rosenbaum says Harvey Weinstein assaulted her |last= |first= |date=October 13, 2017 |publisher=CBC Radio|accessdate=October 13, 2017}}</ref>
# [[Melissa Sagemiller]], aktris<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lockett |first1=Dee |title=Actress Melissa Sagemiller Recalls Being Forced to Kiss Harvey Weinstein |url=http://www.vulture.com/2017/10/melissa-sagemiller-recalls-being-forced-to-kiss-weinstein.html |work=[[New York (magazinemajalah)|New York]] |accessdate=October 14, 2017 |language=en |date=October 13, 2017}}</ref>
# [[Annabella Sciorra]], aktris<ref name="Farrow2">{{cite web|last1=Farrow|first1=Ronan|title=Weighing the Costs of Speaking Out About Harvey Weinstein|url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/weighing-the-costs-of-speaking-out-about-harvey-weinstein|website=The New Yorker|accessdate=28 October 2017|date=28 October 2017}}</ref>
# [[Léa Seydoux]], aktris<ref>{{cite news |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/oct/11/harvey-weinstein-lea-seydoux |title='I had to defend myself': The Night Harvey Weinstein Jumped On Me |date=October 11, 2017 |accessdate=October 14, 2017}}</ref>
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== Reaksi ==
[[Berkas:Georgina_Chapman_at_Met_Opera_(cropped).jpg|jmpl|200px|Georgina Chapman mengumumkan niatannya untuk menceraikan Weinstein]]
Tuduhan tindakan Weinstein menerima banyak dikritik oleh orang-orang terkemuka di dunia hiburan dan politik, dan memicu diskusi publik di Amerika Serikat, seperti yang dinyatakan [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] (AMPAS), penyelenggara penghargaan [[Academy Award]]s, "pengabaian yang disengaja dan keterlibatan yang memalukan dalam perilaku predator seksual dan pelecehan di tempat kerja" dalam industri film.<ref name="The Guardian October 14, 2017">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/oct/14/harvey-weinstein-oscars-academy-holds-emergency-meeting|title=Stars welcome Academy move to expel Weinstein over sexual assault claims|last1=Lartey|first1=Jamiles|date=October 14, 2017|work=The Guardian|last2=Helmore|first2=Edward|last3=Batty|first3=David|accessdate=October 14, 2017}}</ref> Tanggapan kolektif terhadap tuduhan tersebut, termasuk sejumlah besar perempuan yang berbagi kisah-kisah pelecehan seksual pribadi, dan kampanye media sosial dengan menggunakan tagar #MeToo, seringkalisering kali disebut dengan "efek Harvey Weinstein".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2017/10/25/harvey-weinstein-effect-men-losing-their-jobs-and-reputations-over-sexual-misconduct-charges-bu/796007001/|title=Harvey Weinstein effect: Men are getting outed and some are getting fired as women speak up. And it's spreading|last=Guynn|first=Jessica|last2=dealla Cava|first2=Marco|date=October 25, 2017|website=USA Today|access-date=November 1, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dw.com/en/the-harvey-weinstein-effect/a-41123543|title=The Harvey Weinstein effect|date=30 October 2017|website=DW.COM|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref>
 
=== Asosiasi bisnis dan profesional ===
Baris 163 ⟶ 162:
 
=== Politik ===
Politikus terkemuka mengutuk tindakan Weinstein. [[Hillary Clinton]], [[Barack Obama]] dan [[Michelle Obama]] mengecam laporan perilaku Weinstein pada 10 Oktober.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/movies/news/hillary-clinton-obamas-rebuke-harvey-weinstein-w508181|title=Hillary Clinton, Obamas Rebuke Harvey Weinstein After Assault Allegations|last=Blistein|first=Jon|date=October 10, 2017|work=[[Rolling Stone]]|access-date=October 11, 2017|archive-date=2017-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011043344/http://www.rollingstone.com/movies/news/hillary-clinton-obamas-rebuke-harvey-weinstein-w508181|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Presiden PerancisPrancis [[Emmanuel Macron]] menggagas pencabutan gelar [[Légion d'honneur|Legiun Kehormatan]] Weinstein.<ref name="BBC-41629689">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-41629689|title=UK police investigate new Weinstein claims|date=October 15, 2017|publisher=BBC News Online|access-date=October 15, 2017}}</ref> Di Inggris, anggota parlemen [[Partai Buruh (Britania Raya)|partai Buruh]] meminta pencabutan gelar kehormatan [[Ordo Imperium Britania|Commander of the British Empire]] Weinstein.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/harvey-weinstein-british-politicians-ask-prime-minister-revoke-cbe-honor-1047659|title=British Government Under Pressure to Strip Harvey Weinstein of Honorary CBE|last=Ritman|first=Alex|date=October 11, 2017|website=The Hollywood Reporter|language=en|access-date=October 20, 2017}}</ref>
 
Beberapa politikus yang pernah didukung Weinstein telah menyumbangkan donasinya untuk amal, termasuk Senator Demokrat Al Franken,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.startribune.com/sen-al-franken-to-return-campaign-contributions-from-harvey-weinstein/449800623/|title=Sen. Al Franken to donate campaign contributions from Harvey Weinstein|last=Rao|first=Maya|date=October 6, 2017|website=[[Star Tribune]]|access-date=October 14, 2017|archive-date=2017-10-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015124512/http://www.startribune.com/sen-al-franken-to-return-campaign-contributions-from-harvey-weinstein/449800623/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Patrick Leahy, dan Martin Heinrich.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/10/05/politics/harvey-weinstein-donations/index.html|title=Democrats pressured to return Weinstein donations|last=Tatum|first=Sophie|date=October 5, 2017|publisher=CNN|access-date=October 14, 2017}}</ref>
 
=== Reaksi lainnya ===
Istri Weinstein, Georgina Chapman mengumumkan pada tanggal 10 Oktober 2017, bahwa ia sedang menceraikan Weinstein.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://variety.com/2017/film/news/harvey-weinstein-wife-georgina-chapman-divorcing-divorce-1202586378/|title=Harvey Weinstein's Wife Georgina Chapman Divorcing Him|last=Saperstein|first=Pat|date=October 10, 2017|work=[[Variety (magazinemajalah)|Variety]]|access-date=October 10, 2017}}</ref>
 
Surat kabar London ''[[The Guardian]]'' menghubungi 20 aktor laki-laki yang pernah bekerja dengan Weinstein; mulanya tidak ada yang berkomentar. Harian tersebut menyimpulkan bahwa, sementara banyak perempuan-perempuan terkemuka yang mengutuk Weinstein, "para tokoh laki-laki terkemuka dalam industri tetap diam".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/oct/09/harvey-weinstein-hollywood-men-actors-directors|title=Hollywood men silent over Weinstein allegations as women speak out|last=Levin|first=Sam|date=October 11, 2017|work=[[The Guardian]]|last2=Wong|first2=Julia Carrie|access-date=October 11, 2017}}</ref>