Chiune Sugihara: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 27:
([[bahasa Yiddish]]: קובנה, [[bahasa Polandia]]: Kowno). Tugas-tugasnya yang lain adalah melaporkan gerak-gerik pasukan-pasukan Soviet dan Jerman.
Menurut Dr. Ewa Palasz-Rutkowska,<ref>{{cite web |title=Summary of the March 13 Lecture: "Polish-Japanese Secret Cooperation During World War II: Sugihara Chiune and Polish Intelligence" |url=http://www.tiu.ac.jp/~bduell/ASJ/3-95_lecture_summary.html |last=Palasz-Rutkowska |first=Ewa |date= |work= |publisher= |accessdate=2009-08-19 |archive-date=2011-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716023152/http://www.tiu.ac.jp/~bduell/ASJ/3-95_lecture_summary.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
Setelah [[Pakta Molotov-Ribbentrop]] diikuti [[Invasi Polandia]] oleh Jerman pada [[1 September 1939]], dan pengambilalihan Lituania oleh Uni Soviet pada tahun [[1940]], banyak [[pengungsi Yahudi]] dari [[Polandia]] dan Lituania yang berusaha mendapatkan [[visa keluar]]. Tanpa visa itu, perjalanan akan berbahaya dan mereka tidak mungkin menemukan negara yang bersedia mengeluarkannya. Ratusan pengungsi datang ke konsulat Jepang di Kaunas, berusaha mendapatkan visa ke Jepang. Konsul [[Belanda]] [[Jan Zwartendijk]] telah memberikan kepada mereka izin perjalanan resmi ke negara tujuan ketiga yakni [[Curaçao]], sebuah pulau [[Karibia]] dan koloni Belanda yang tidak membutuhkan visa masuk, atau ke Guyana Belanda (setelah kemerdekaan, Guyana Belanda berganti nama menjadi [[Suriname]]). Pada saat itu, pemerintah Jepang menganut kebijakan resmi netral terhadap orang-orang Yahudi, namun menuntut bahwa visa hanya dikeluarkan bagi mereka yang telah melalui prosedur-prosedur imigrasi yang semestinya dan mempunyai cukup dana. Kebanyakan para pengungsi itu tidak memenuhi kriteria-kriteria ini. Sugihara dengan taat menghubungi Kementerian Luar Negeri Jepang hingga tiga kali untuk meminta petunjuk. Setiap kali, Kementerian menjawab bahwa siapapun yang memperoleh visa Jepang harus memiliki visa ke negara tujuan ketiga untuk keluar dari Jepang, tanpa kecuali.
Baris 83:
* Yukiko Sugihara: ''Visas for Life'' (1995) (terjemahan dari ''Rokusennin no inochi no biza'', 1990) ISBN 0-9649674-0-5
* Yutaka Taniuchi, ''The miraculous visas -- Chiune Sugihara and the story of the 6000 Jews'', New York, Gefen Books, 2001. ISBN 978-4-89798-565-7
* Seishiro Sugihara & Norman Hu, [http://books.google.co.jp/books?id=ahcymjgWwKoC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Chiune+Sugihara&hl=ja&sa=X&ei=mGoTT8O4OeaKmQWowNn-CQ&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Chiune%20Sugihara&f=false ''Chiune Sugihara and Japan's Foreign Ministry
* Amleto Vespa, Secret Agent of Japan
* Herman Dicker, Wanderers and Settlers in the Far East, New York, Twayne Publishers, 1962.
* Abraham Kotsuji, From Tokyo to Jerusalem, Torath HaAdam Institute, 1975.
* David Kranzler, Japanese, Nazis and Jews, Hoboken, NJ, Ktav Publishing House, 1976.
* John J. Stephan, The Russian Fascists. Tragedy and Farce in Exile, 1925-1945, London, Hamish Hamilton, 1978.
* Beth Hatefutsoth, Passage Through China
* Samuil Manski, [http://faculty.wcas.northwestern.edu/~cfm754/with_god%27s_help.html With God's Help], Northwestern University, 1990.
* Solly Ganor, Light One Candle. A Survivor’s Tale from Lithuania to Jerusalem, New York, Kodansha International, 1995.
* Eric Saul, Visas for Life
* George Passelecq & Bernard Suchecky, L'Encyclique cachée de Pie XI. Une occasion manquée de l'Eglise face à l'antisémitisme, Paris, La Découverte, 1995.
* David S. Wyman (ed.), The World reacts to the Holocaust, Baltimore & London, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.
* Yaacov Liberman, My China
* Pamela Rotner Sakamoto, Japanese Diplomats and Jewish Refugees, Westport, CT, Praeger Pnblishers, 1998.
* John Cornwell, Hitler's Pope. The Secret History of Pius XII, New York, Viking, 1999.
Baris 102:
* Dom Lee & Ken Mochizuki, Passage to Freedom. The Sugihara Story, New York, Lee & Low Books, 2003.
* David Alvarez & Robert A. Graham, Nothing sacred. Nazi Espionage against the Vatican 1939-1945, London, Frank Cass, 2003.
* Vincas Bartusevičius
* Alvydas Nikzentaitis, The Vanished World of Lithuanian Jews, Amsterdam, Editions Rodopi B.V.
* Carl L. Steinhouse, Righteous and Courageous, Bloomington, Indiana, AuthorHouse, 2004.
* Samuel Iwry, To Wear the Dust of War: From Bialystok to Shanghai to the Promised Land ; An Oral History, London, Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.
Baris 109:
* Walter Schellenberg, The Memoirs of Hitler's Spymaster, London, André Deutsch, 2006.
* Mordecai Paldiel, Diplomat heros of the Holocaust, KTAV Publishing House, NJ, 2007.
* Alfred Erich Senn, Lithuania 1940
* Reinhard R. Deorries, Hitler’s Intelligent Chief, New York, Enigma Books, 2009.
* Michaël Prazan, Einsatzgruppen, Paris, Ed du Seuil, 2010.
* Miriam Bistrović, Anitisemitismus und Philosemitismus in Japan, Essen, Klartext Verlagsges, 2011.
* J.W.M. Chapman, The Polish Connection: Japan, Poland and the Axis Alliance. Proceedings of the British Association for Japanese Studies, v. 2, 1977.
* Teresa Watanabe, “[http://alb.merlinone.net/mweb/wmsql.wm.request?oneimage&imageid=5712322 Japan's Schindler also saved thouands] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121205055155/http://alb.merlinone.net/mweb/wmsql.wm.request?oneimage&imageid=5712322 |date=2012-12-05 }}”, Los Angels Times, March 20, 1994.
* Dina Porat, “The Holocaust in Lithuania: Some Unique Aspects”, in David Cesarani (ed.),The Final Solution
* J.W.M. Chapman, “[http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a777429407 Japan in Poland's Secret Neighbourhood War]” in Japan Forum No.2, 1995.
* Ewa Pałasz-Rutkowska & Andrzej T. Romer, “[http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a777429408~frm=titlelink?words=romer,andrzej Polish-Japanese co-operation during World War II] ” in Japan Forum No.7, 1995.
* Takesato Watanabe, “[http://www1.doshisha.ac.jp/~twatanab/watanabe/english/The%20Revisionist.html The Revisionist Fallacy in The Japanese Media1-Case Studies of Denial of Nazi Gas Chambers and NHK's Report on Japanese & Jews Relations] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114124430/http://www1.doshisha.ac.jp/~twatanab/watanabe/english/The%20Revisionist.html |date=2012-01-14 }}”in Social Scienes Review, Doshisha University, No.59,1999.
* Sabine Breuillard, “[http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/slave_0080-2557_2001_num_73_2_6720 L'Affaire Kaspé revisitée]” in Revues des études slaves, vol.73, 2001, pp.337-372.
* Gerhard Krebs, [
* Gerhard Krebs, “The Jewish Problem in Japanese-German Relations 1933-1945” in Bruce Reynolds (ed.), Japan in Fascist Era, New York, 2004.
* Jonathan Goldstein, “The Case of Jan Zwartendijk in Lithuania, 1940” in Deffry M. Diefendorf (ed.), New Currents in Holocaust Reseach, Lessons and Legacies, vol.VI, Northwestern University Press, 2004.
* Hideko Mitsui, “[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-8676.2010.00124.x/abstract Longing for the Other
* [http://www.lt.emb-japan.go.jp/english/jp_lt_relations/venclauskas.pdf “Lithuania at the beginning of WWII”] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516193745/http://www.lt.emb-japan.go.jp/english/jp_lt_relations/venclauskas.pdf |date=2011-05-16 }}
* George Johnstone, “[http://news.investors.com/Article/594130/201112081318/sugihara-visas-saved-lives-during-wwii.htm Japan's Sugihara came to Jews' rescue during WWII]” in Investor's Business Daily, 8 December 2011.
Baris 135:
* [[Daftar orang yang menolong orang Yahudi pada masa Holocaust]]
* [[Ho Feng Shan]], Konsul Jenderal Tiongkok di Wina juga, bertentangan dengan perintah atasannya, menerbitkan visa kepada banyak orang Yahudi Jerman dan Austria, yang juga bertahan di ghetto Shanghai.
* [[Abdol Hossein Sardari]]
== Pranala luar ==
{{Commonscat|Chiune Sugihara}}
* [http://www.chiunesugihara100.com/eng/e-top.htm Peringatan satu abad Chiune Sugihara]{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/sugihara.html Jewish Virtual Library]: Chiune dan Yukiko Sugihara
* [http://www.eagleman.com/sugihara/ Proyek Sugihara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070813102433/http://www.eagleman.com/sugihara/ |date=2007-08-13 }}
* [http://www.visasforlife.org/sugihara.html Visas for Life Foundation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927213009/http://www.visasforlife.org/sugihara.html |date=2007-09-27 }}
* [http://www.immortalchaplains.org/Prize/Ceremony2000/Sugihara/sugihara.htm Immortal Chaplains Foundation Prize for Humanity 2000] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050309045046/http://www.immortalchaplains.org/Prize/Ceremony2000/Sugihara/sugihara.htm |date=2005-03-09 }} (dianugerahkan kepada Sugihara pada 2000)
* [http://www.tiu.ac.jp/~bduell/ASJ/3-95_lecture_summary.html Kerja sama rahasia Polandia-Jepang semasa Perang Dunia II: Sugihara Chiune dan Intel Polandia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716023152/http://www.tiu.ac.jp/~bduell/ASJ/3-95_lecture_summary.html |date=2011-07-16 }}, oleh Dr. Ewa Palasz-Rutkowska
* {{de}} [http://www.uni-hamburg.de/fachbereiche-einrichtungen/japanologie/noag/krebs.pdf Orang Yahudi dan Timur Jauh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051105014156/http://www.uni-hamburg.de/fachbereiche-einrichtungen/japanologie/noag/krebs.pdf |date=2005-11-05 }} oleh Gerhard Krebs
* [http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/002136.html Penjelasan tentang nama samaran]
* [http://www.hearthasreasons.com/bibliography.php Penyelamat pada masa Holocaust Bibliografi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131026063357/http://www.hearthasreasons.com/bibliography.php |date=2013-10-26 }}
* [http://asia.news.yahoo.com/060324/kyodo/d8ghtuq81.html Departemen Luar Negeri menyatakan tidak akan mengambil tindakan disipliner bagi 'Schindler Jepang'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080110031459/http://asia.news.yahoo.com/060324/kyodo/d8ghtuq81.html |date=2008-01-10 }}
* [http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/israel/sugihara.html Departemen Luar Negeri menghormati Chiune Sugihara dengan memasang Plakat Peringatan] (10 Okt. 2000)
{{lifetime|1900|1986|Sugihara, Chiune}}
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