Aras lebanon: Perbedaan antara revisi

{{Taxobox

| status = VU | status_system = IUCN3.1

| image = Libanonzeder.jpg

| image_width = 240px

| regnum = [[Plantae]]

| divisio = [[Pinophyta]]

| binomial_authority = [[A.Rich.]]

}}

<!-- The Cedars Nature Reserves in Lebanon were candidates in the New 7 Wonders of Nature competition but were eliminated at the end of the first stage while the [[Jeita Grotto]] was chosen as the Lebanese national candidate.<ref>[http://www.new7wonders.com/nature/en/ New7wonders.com]</ref> -->

 

Ada dua tipe ''Cedrus libani'' berbeda yang dianggap sebagai [[subspesies]] atau [[varietas]]:

 

== Pemerian ==

 

== Ekologi ==

 

== Sejarah, simbolisme dan penggunaan ==

Aras lebanon bernilai penting untuk berbagai budaya kuno. Pohon-pohon ini digunakan oleh orang [[Fenisia]] untuk membuat kapal dagang dan kapal perang, maupun rumah, istana dan kuil-kuil. Orang [[Mesir kuno]] menggunakan getahnya dalam proses mumifikasi, dan serbuk kayunya ditemukan dalam makam-makam Firaun Mesir. Orang [[Sumeria]] mencatat dalam [[Epos Gilgamesh]] bahwa hutan-hutan aras di Lebanon merupakan tempat kediaman dewa-dewa yang dikunjungi oleh [[Gilgamesh]], tokoh utama kisah itu.

 

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Over the centuries, extensive [[deforestation]] has occurred, with only small remnants of the original forests surviving. Deforestation has been particularly severe in Lebanon and on Cyprus; on Cyprus, only small trees up to {{convert|25|m|ft|abbr=on}} tall survive, though [[Pliny the Elder]] recorded cedars {{convert|40|m|ft|abbr=on}} tall there.<ref name=willan>Willan, R. G. N. (1990). The Cyprus Cedar. ''Int. Dendrol. Soc. Yearbk''. 1990: 115-118.</ref> Extensive [[forestry|reforestation]] of cedar is carried out in the Mediterranean region, particularly [[Turkey]], where over 50 million young cedars are being planted annually.<ref>Anon. ''History of Turkish Forestry''. Turkish Ministry of Forestry.</ref> The Lebanese populations are also now expanding through a combination of replanting and protection of natural regeneration from browsing by [[goat]]s, hunting, forest fires, and woodworms.<ref name=khuri>Khuri, S., & Talhouk, S. N. (1999). Cedar of Lebanon. Pages 108-111 in Farjon, A., & Page, C. N. ''Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan: Conifers''. IUCN/SSC Conifer Specialist Group. ISBN 2-8317-0465-0.</ref> <br style="clear:both;">

=== Nilai penting nasional dan regional ===

[[Berkas:Flag of Lebanon.svg|jmpl|[[Bendera Lebanon]], dengan aras lebanon di tengah-tengah]]

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As a result of long exploitation, few old trees remain in Lebanon, but there is now an active program to conserve and regenerate the forests. The Lebanese approach has emphasized natural regeneration rather than planting, and this by creating the right conditions. The Lebanese state has created several Cedar Reserves or nature reserves that contain cedars, including the Chouf Cedar Reserves, the Jaj Cedar Reserve, the Tannourine Reserve, the Ammouaa and Karm Shbat Reserves in the [[Akkar]] district, forest Horsh Ehden near the village of Ehden and the Forest of the [[Cedars of God]] near [[Bsharri]].<ref>Talhouk, S. N. & Zurayk, S. 2003. Conifer conservation in Lebanon. ''Acta Hort.'' 615: 411-414.</ref><ref>Semaan, M. & Haber, R. 2003. In situ conservation on ''Cedrus libani'' in Lebanon. ''Acta Hort.'' 615: 415-417.</ref><ref>[http://www.shoufcedar.org/ Cedars of Lebanon Nature Reserve]</ref> Extensive replanting is taking place in Turkey, where approximately {{convert|300|km2|acre}} of cedar are planted annually.<ref name=khuri />

Alarmingly, very mature specimens drop branches - perhaps weighing two or three tons - without warning and not necessarily in bad weather. As a result, you may see one where risk to life is more likely, i.e. overhanging pavements or road junctions with restraining 'harnesses' on branches run back up to the central trunk.

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== Lihat pula ==