Islamofasisme: Perbedaan antara revisi

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[[Berkas:Islamofascism.jpg|thumbjmpl|Papan reklame menolak Islamofasisme (yang secara ejaan keliru) di Amerika Serikat]]
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'''Islamofasisme''' adalah istilah [[neologisme]] berdasarkan [[fasisme kependetaan|fasisme keulamaan]], yang menarik [[analogi]] antara karakteristik ideologi gerakan [[Islamisme|Islamis]] dengan gerakan [[fasisme]] [[Eropa]] pada awal abad ke-20, gerakan [[neo-fasisme]] atau [[totalitarianisme]].
 
== Asal mula "Islamofasisme" ==
Istilah "Islamofasisme" dimasukkan dalam ''[[Kamus New Oxford American]]'', yang mendefinisikannya sebagai "sebuah istilah kontroversial yang menyamakan gerakan Islamisme dengan gerakan fasisme Eropa pada awal abad ke-20".<ref>The New Oxford American Dictionary, Second Edition'', Erin McKean (Editor), 2096 pages, May 2005, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-517077-6</ref> Istilah ini digunakan oleh beberapa penulis seperti [[Stephen Schwartz]]<ref>{{Cite web|last= Schwartz|first=Stephen|url = http://www.tcsdaily.com/article.aspx?id=081606C|title=What Is 'Islamofascism'?|publisher=TCS Daily|accessdate=2006-09-14|archive-date=2006-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924154023/http://www.tcsdaily.com/article.aspx?id=081606C|dead-url=yes}}</ref> dan [[Christopher Hitchens]],<ref name="CH1022">Hitchens, Christopher: [http://www.slate.com/id/2176389/ Defending Islamofascism: It's a valid term. Here's why], Slate, 2007-10-22</ref> untuk menggambarkan ekstremis [[Islamisme|Islamis]], termasuk kelompok [[terorisme|teroris]] seperti [[al Qaeda]], [[Hamas]] dan [[Hezbollah]]. [[William Safire]] memberikan catatan khusus bahwa Hitchens adalah orang yang "mempopulerkan" istilah ini, meskipun Hitchens menolaknya dan mengatakan lebih menyukai istilah "fasisme berwajah Islam" dengan merujuk kepada [[Alexander Dubček]] dan [[Susan Sontag]].<ref>http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/fighting_words/2007/10/defending_islamofascism.html</ref><ref>William Safire (2006). [http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/01/opinion/01iht-edsafire.2988871.html "Islamofascism Anyone?"] ''[[The New York Times]]'', Opinion-Editorial. Retrieved August 28, 2007</ref> Istilah ''fasisme Islam'' dan ''fasisme Muslim'' juga digunakan oleh filsuf PerancisPrancis [[Michel Onfray]], seorang [[Ateisme|ateis]] dan anti agama, yang menulis dalam bukunya ''Atheist Manifesto'' bahwa [[Revolusi Islam]] yang digulirkan oleh [[Ruhollah Khomeini]] telah "melahirkan fasisme Muslim sejati".<ref>[[Michel Onfray]]: ''[[Atheist Manifesto: The Case Against Christianity, Judaism, and Islam]].'' Carlton, Vic. 2007, pp. 206-213.</ref>
 
Asal mula istilah ini agak kabur. William Safire menulis bahwa "penggunaan pertama kali istilah ini dapat ia temukan" berasal dari tulisan [[Malise Ruthven]] pada 1990, ketika Ruthven menulis di ''[[The Independent]]'' bahwa "pemerintahan otoriter, untuk tidak menyebut Islamofasisme, adalah kelaziman ketimbang pengecualian, dari [[Maroko]] ke [[Pakistan]]."<ref>[[William Safire]] (2006). [http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/01/opinion/01iht-edsafire.2988871.html "Islamofascism Anyone?"] ''[[The New York Times]]'', Opinion-Editorial. Retrieved August 28, 2007</ref><ref>"Construing Islam as a language", oleh [[Malise Ruthven]], [[The Independent]], September 8, 1990 "Nevertheless there is what might be called a political problem affecting the [[Muslim]] world. In contrast to the heirs of some other non-Western traditions, including [[Hinduism]], [[Shintoism]] and [[Buddhism]], Islamic societies seem to have found it particularly hard to institutionalise divergences politically: authoritarian government, not to say Islamo-fascism, is the rule rather than the exception from [[Morocco]] to [[Pakistan]]."</ref> [[Albert Scardino]] menulis bahwa istilah ini "sepertinya pertama kali muncul" di artikel ''[[Washington Times]]'', ketika cendekiawan [[Khalid Duran]] menggunakannya "sebagai kritik atas ulama hiper-traditionalis."<ref>{{Cite news|last=Scardino|first=Albert|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/comment/story/0,3604,1405605,00.html|title=1-0 in the propaganda war|publisher=The Guardian|accessdate=2006-04-19|date=2005-02-04}}</ref> Menurut ''Times'', tulisan ini muncul pada Juli 2001.<ref>[http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2006/sep/01/20060901-090752-7525r/ "Islamofascism by any other name"]. ''[[The Washington Times]]''. September 1, 2006</ref>
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== Daftar pustaka ==
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* [[Bassam Tibi|Tibi, Bassam]]. [http://isgap.org/working-paper-bassam-tibi/ From Sayyid Qutb to Hamas, The Middle-East Conflict and the Islamization of Antisemtism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140827105449/http://isgap.org/working-paper-bassam-tibi/ |date=2014-08-27 }}, in [[Yale Initiative for the Interdisciplinary Study of Antisemitism]], online working paper, 2010
* [[Christopher Hitchens|Hitchens, Christohper]]. [http://www.slate.com/id/2176389/ "Defending ''Islamofascism'' It's a valid term. Here's why."], ''[[Slate.com]]'', Oct. 22, 2007
* [[David Ignatius|Ignatius, David]]. [http://www.dailystar.com.lb/article.asp?edition_id=10&categ_id=5&article_id=74844# "Toward a Definition of 'Islamic Fascism'"], ''[[Daily Star (Lebanon)]]'', August 19, 2006
* Marty, Martin. [http://www.christianpost.com/article/20060821/23873.htm "Irony and Islamofascism"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823070826/http://www.christianpost.com/article/20060821/23873.htm |date=2006-08-23 }}, ''[[Christian Post]]'', August 21, 2006.
* Nunberg, Geoffrey. [http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/commentary/la-oe-nunberg17aug17,0,448853,print.story?coll=la-news-comment-opinions '''"Islamo-Creeps' Would Be More Accurate"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130103123655/http://articles.latimes.com/2006/aug/17/opinion/oe-nunberg17 |date=2013-01-03 }}, [[L.A. Times]], August 17, 2006
* Nyquist, J.R. [http://www.financialsense.com/stormwatch/geo/pastanalysis/2006/0811.html "Islam and Fascism"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061016103410/http://www.financialsense.com/stormwatch/geo/pastanalysis/2006/0811.html |date=2006-10-16 }}.
* [[Norman Podhoretz|Podhoretz, Norman]]. ''World War IV: The Long Struggle Against Islamofascism''. New York: Doubleday, 2007.
* Pollitt, Katha. [http://www.thenation.com/doc/20060911/pollitt "Wrong War, Wrong Word"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090812074106/http://www.thenation.com/doc/20060911/pollitt |date=2009-08-12 }}, ''[[The Nation]]'', August 24, 2006.
* Scardino, Albert. [http://www.guardian.co.uk/comment/story/0,3604,1405605,00.html "1-0 in the propaganda war"], ''The Guardian'', February 4, 2005.
* [http://www.indcjournal.com/archives/000544.php Sullivan, Andrew. 'Interview' (satire)]{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} from INDC Journal
* [http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?c=Article_C&cid=1237705704706&pagename=Zone-English-Muslim_Affairs/MAELayout The Sham Islamo-fascist] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217133714/http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?c=Article_C&cid=1237705704706&pagename=Zone-English-Muslim_Affairs%2FMAELayout |date=2011-02-17 }}''IslamOnline.net''
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