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[[Berkas:Kemarau edit.JPG|jmpl|Tingkat air yang turun saat musim kemarau]]
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[[Image:Water-conservation-stamp-1960.jpg|thumb|Perangko pos 4c AS bergambar konservasi air tahun 1960]]
'''Penghematan air'''Konservasi airatau '''konservasi air''' berartiadalah perilaku yang disengaja dengan tujuan mengurangi penggunaan air segar, melalui metode teknologi atau perilaku sosial. Tujuan usaha konservasi air meliputi:
* [[Keseimbangan]] - Untuk menjamin ketersediaan untuk generasi masa depan, pengurangan air segar dari sebuah ekosistem tidak akan melewati nilai penggantian alamiahnya. ▼* [[Konservasi energi]] - Pemompaan air, pengiriman, dan fasilitas pengolahan air limbah mengkonsumsi energi besar. Di beberapa daerah di dunia (contohnya, [[California]])<ref>California Energy Commission, "[http://www.energy.ca.gov/2005publications/CEC-700-2005-011/CEC-700-2005-011-SF.PDF California's Water-Energy saiju simonover 15% of total electricity consumption is devoted to [[water management]]. ▼* [[Habitat conservation]] - Minimizing human water use helps to preserve fresh water habitats for local wildlife and migrating waterfowl, as well as reducing the need to build new [[dam]]s and other water diversion infrastructure.
== Tujuan ==
Usaha konservasi air bertujuan untuk:
▲*# [[Keseimbangan]] - Untuk menjamin ketersediaan untuk generasi masa depan, pengurangan air segar dari sebuah ekosistem tidak akan melewati nilai penggantian alamiahnya.
▲*# [[ KonservasiPenghematan energi]] - Pemompaan air, pengiriman, dan fasilitas pengolahan air limbah mengkonsumsimengonsumsi energi besar. Di beberapa daerah di dunia (contohnya, [[California]]) .<ref> California Energy Commission,{{en}} "[http://www.energy.ca.gov/2005publications/CEC-700-2005-011/CEC-700-2005-011-SF.PDF {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503143355/https://www.energy.ca.gov/2005publications/CEC-700-2005-011/CEC-700-2005-011-SF.PDF |date=2019-05-03 }} California Energy Commission California's Water-Energy saiju simonover 15% of total electricity consumption is devoted to [[water management]] .]</ref>
# [[Konservasi habitat]] - Penggunaan air oleh manusia yang diminimalisir untuk membantu mengamankan simpanan sumber [[air bersih]] untuk habitat liar lokal dan penerimaan migrasi aliran air, termasuk usaha-usaha baru pembangunan waduk dan infrastruktur berbasis air lain (pemeliharaan yang tidak lama).
* [[Biopori]]
* [[Submeter peralatan]] ▼* [[ HirarkiHierarki pengelolaan air]] ▼* [[Biaya efektif jaringan air minimum]] ▼* [[Pembatasan penggunaan air di luar ruangan]]
Water-saving technology for the home includes:
*Low-flow shower heads (sometimes called energy-efficient shower heads as they also use less energy, due to less water being heated).{{Fact|date=February 2007}}
*[[Low-flush toilet]]s, [[composting toilet]]s and waterless urinals, which can have a dramatic impact in the developed world, as conventional Western [[toilet]]s use large volumes of water.
*Faucet aerators, which break water flow into fine droplets to maintain "wetting effectiveness" while using less water. As a bonus, they reduce splashing while washing hands and dishes.
*[[Wastewater reuse]] or recycling systems, allowing:
**Reuse of [[graywater]] for flushing toilets or for the garden, and
**Recycling of wastewater through [[water purification|purification]] at a water treatment plant. ''See also [[Wastewater#Reuse|Wastewater - Reuse]]
*[[Waterless car wash]]
*Rainwater harvesting
[[Image:PivotIrrigationOnCotton.jpg|thumb|216px|right|Overhead irrigation, center pivot design]]
For crop irrigation, optimal water efficiency means minimizing losses due to evaporation or runoff. An [[Evaporation pan]] can be used to determine how much water is required to irrigate the land. [[Irrigation#Flood irrigation|Flood irrigation]], the oldest and most common type, is often very uneven in distribution, as parts of a field may receive excess water in order to deliver sufficient quantities to other parts. [[Irrigation#Overhead (sprinkler) irrigation|Overhead irrigation]], using center-pivot or lateral-moving sprinklers, gives a much more equal and controlled distribution pattern, but in extremely dry conditions, much of the water may evaporate before it reaches the ground. [[Drip irrigation]] is the most expensive and least-used type, but offers the best results in delivering water to plant roots with minimal losses.
As changing irrigation systems can be a costly undertaking, conservation efforts often concentrate on maximizing the efficiency of the existing system. This may include chiseling compacted soils, creating furrow dikes to prevent runoff, and using soil moisture and rainfall sensors to optimize irrigation schedules.<ref>US EPA, "[http://www.epa.gov/ow/you/chap3.html Clean Water Through Conservation]", Practices for Agricultural Users</ref>.
* Depot pengisian ulang, yang menampung air hujan dan meneruskan dan menggunakannya untuk mengisi kembali persediaan air tanah. Ini membantu pembentukan kolam air tanah dll. dan mengurangi erosi tanah yang disebabkan jalannya air.
# pengurangan apapun dalam kekurangan air, limbah, atau penggunaannya;
# pengurangan penggunaan air yang diselesaikan dengan penetapan konservasi air atau pengukuran efisiensi air; atau,
# praktik [[pengelolaan air]] terbarui yang mengurangi atau memperbaiki penggunaan air. <ref> [Vickers, Amy. “Water Use and Conservation.” Amherst, MA Waterplow Press. June 2002. 434] </ref>. Sebuah ukuran konservasi air adalah aksi, perubahan kelakuan, peralatan, tekonologi, atau desain terbarui atau proses yang dilakukan untuk mengurangi kekurangan air, limbah, atau penggunaannya. Efisiensi air adalah peralatan konservasi air. Menghasilkan penggunaan air yang lebih efisien dan mengurangi permintaan air. Nilai dan biaya keefektifan ukuran efisiensi air dievaluasi berkaitan dengan efeknya pada penggunaan dan biaya sumber daya alam lainnya (contoh energi atau kimia). <ref> [Vickers, Amy. “Water Use and Conservation.” Amherst, MA Waterplow Press. June 2002. 434] </ref>
▲*[[Hirarki pengelolaan air]]
▲*[[Biaya efektif jaringan air minimum]]
{{reflist}}
== Referensi ==
* {{en}} [http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/2 Helmle, Samuel F., "Water Conservation Planning: Developing a Strategic Plan for Socially Acceptable Demand Control Programs" (2005). Applied Research Projects. Texas State University. Paper 2]. http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/2
*[http://www.waterefficiency.net Water Efficiency Magazine], The Journal for Water Conservation Professionals]
*[http://www.thisland.uiuc.edu/57ways/57ways_57.html Conserve Water In And Around The Home] ▼*[http://www.redcross.org.uk/standard.asp?id=73304 Drought and water-saving tips] from the British Red Cross ▼*[http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org The Alliance for Water Efficiency] ▼
[[Category:Konservasi energi]] ▼* {{id}} [http://www.esp.or.id/wp-content/uploads/pdf/fs/ds-konservasi.pdf Desa Konservasi, Lembar Fakta ESP untuk usaha-usaha konservasi hutan demi menjaga sumberdaya air]{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{en}} [http://www.esp.or.id/wp-content/uploads/pdf/fs/esf-en.pdf Pembiyaan Jasa Lingkungan, Lembar Fakta ESP untuk usaha penanggulangan krisis air perkotaan]{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
▲* [http://www.thisland.uiuc.edu/57ways/57ways_57.html Conserve Water In And Around The Home] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090506013226/http://www.thisland.uiuc.edu/57ways/57ways_57.html |date=2009-05-06 }}
▲* [http://www.redcross.org.uk/standard.asp?id=73304 Drought and water-saving tips] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202005434/http://www.redcross.org.uk/standard.asp?id=73304 |date=2008-12-02 }} from the British Red Cross
▲* [http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org The Alliance for Water Efficiency]
▲[[ CategoryKategori:Konservasi energi]]
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▲[[ CategoryKategori:Air]]
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