Palagan Tiongkok Burma India: Perbedaan antara revisi

Jelajahi riwayat secara interaktif

← Revisi sebelumnya

Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan

VisualTeks wiki

Revisi per 24 November 2018 15.30 sunting Pierrewee (bicara \| kontrib) Pengurus 41.649 suntingan rev ← Revisi sebelumnya		Revisi terkini sejak 21 November 2022 05.15 sunting balikkan InternetArchiveBot (bicara \| kontrib) Bot 681.665 suntingan Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.2
(9 revisi perantara oleh 3 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1: {{Infobox military conflict \|conflict = Palagan Tiongkok Burma India \|image = [[Berkas:China Burma India Seal.svg\|~~center~~pus\|150px]] \|caption = Lencana Palagan CBI : {{Flag\|Republik Tiongkok}} Baris 11: }} '''Palagan Tiongkok Burma India''' ('''CBI''') ~~atau '''Teater Tiongkok Burma India'''~~ adalah sebutan [[Angkatan Bersenjata Amerika Serikat\|militer Amerika Serikat]] selama [[Perang Dunia II]] untuk [[palagan~~\|teater~~]] '''[[Perang Tiongkok-Jepang Kedua\|Tiongkok]]''' dan '''[[Palagan Asia Tenggara dalam Perang Dunia II\|Asia Tenggara]]''' atau '''India-Burma''' (IBT). Komando operasional pasukan [[Blok Sekutu dalam Perang Dunia II\|Sekutu]] (termasuk pasukan Amerika Serikat) dalam CBI secara resmi merupakan tanggung jawab [[Komandan Tertinggi Sekutu\|Komandan Tertinggi]] untuk Asia Tenggara atau Tiongkok. Namun, pasukan Amerika Serikat dalam praktik biasanya diawasi oleh Jenderal [[Joseph Stilwell]], Wakil Komandan Sekutu di Tiongkok; istilah "CBI" penting dalam hal logistik, materi, dan personel; umumnya digunakan di Amerika Serikat untuk palagan-palagan ini. Unit-unit Sekutu yang terkenal di CBI termasuk [[Pasukan Ekspedisi Tiongkok]], [[Harimau Terbang]],<ref>{{cite web \|last = Rossi \|first = J.R. \|url = http://www.flyingtigersavg.22web.org/tiger1.htm \|title= The Flying Tigers – American Volunteer Group – Chinese Air Force \|year=1998 \|work=AVG}}</ref> unit transportasi dan pesawat pengebom yang menerbangi ''[[The Hump]]'', [[Sayap Operasi Khusus ke-1]], para insinyur yang membangun [[Jalan Raya Ledo]], [[Merrill's Marauders\|Unit Gabungan ke-5307 (Sementara)]], populer dikenal sebagai ''Merrill's Marauders'', dan Brigade 5332d, Sementara atau 'Satuan Tugas Mars', yang mengemban misi ''Marauders''. == Strategi Amerika Serikat untuk Tiongkok == Pada tahun 1941 Amerika Serikat membuat serangkaian keputusan untuk mendukung Tiongkok dalam perangnya melawan Jepang. Pasokan ''[[Lend-Lease]]'' diberikan setelah Presiden [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] mengumumkan pertahanan Tiongkok vital bagi pertahanan Amerika Serikat. Selama musim panas, ketika Jepang bergerak ke selatan hingga Indo-China ~~Perancis~~Prancis, Amerika Serikat, Britania, dan Belanda melancarkan embargo minyak terhadap Jepang, memutus 90% dari pasokannya. Jepang memutus pasokan Sekutu ke Tiongkok yang telah datang melalui Burma. Tiongkok hanya bisa dipasok dengan terbang di atas pegunungan Himalaya ("The Hump") dari India,<ref>Bliss K. Thorne, ''The Hump: The Great Military Airlift of World War II'' (1965)</ref> atau merebut wilayah di Burma dan membangun sebuah jalan baru—[[Jalan Raya Ledo]].<ref>Michael Schaller, ''The U.S. Crusade in China, 1938–1945'' (1982)</ref><ref>Barbara W. Tuchman, ''Stilwell and the American Experience in China, 1911–45'' (1971) ch 10</ref> == Burma == [[Berkas:Merrill and Stilwell meet near Naubum Burma.jpg\|~~thumb~~jmpl\|Merrill dan Stilwell bertemu dekat Naubum Burma]] Pada tahun 1941 dan 1942, Jepang terlalu berlebihan. Pangkalan angkatan lautnya tidak dapat mempertahankan penaklukannya, dan basis industrinya tidak dapat menopang angkatan lautnya. Untuk memutus Tiongkok dari bantuan Sekutu, Jepang menuju Burma, merebut Rangoon pada 8 Maret 1942, memutus urat nadi kehidupan Jalan Burma ke Tiongkok. Bergerak ke utara Jepang merebut Tounggoo, Burma, lalu merebut Lashio di Burma atas pada 29 April. Britania, terutama khawatir dengan India, melihat Burma sebagai palagan utama aksi melawan Jepang dan ingin pasukan Tiongkok bertempur di sana.<ref name="Donovan Webster 2003">Donovan Webster, ''The Burma Road: The Epic Story of the China-Burma-India Theater in World War II'' (2003)</ref> == Lihat juga == Baris 38: === Sumber === ; Sumber utama * {{citation \|first=Maurice \|last=Matloff \|url = http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/sp1943-44/index.htm \|title=Strategic planning for coalition warfare 1943–1944 \|publisher = [[United States Army Center of Military History]] \|year=1990 \|lccn=53-61477 \|origyear=1959 \|accessdate=2018-11-24 \|archive-date=2010-06-15 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100615174827/http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/sp1943-44/index.htm \|dead-url=yes }} * {{citation \|last=Slim \|first=William \|authorlink=William Slim \|year=1956 \|title = Defeat into Victory \|location=London \|publisher=Cassell }} a first hand account by the British commander. Baris 44: * {{zh icon}}[http://vip.book.sina.com.cn/book/chapter_100738_63681.html 寻找少校梅姆瑞] == Bacaan lebih lanjut == * Bidwell, Shelford. ''The Chindit War: Stilwell, Wingate, and the Campaign in Burma, 1944''. (1979)<!--publisher & place?--> * Forbes, Andrew and Henley, David (2011). ''China's Ancient Tea Horse Road''. Chiang Mai: Cognoscenti Books. {{ASIN\|B005DQV7Q2}} * Hogan, David W. ''India-Burma'' (1999) Official US Army history pamphlet. [http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-C-India/index.html Ibiblio.org online edition] * Kraus, Theresa L. '' China Offensive'' (1999) Brief official US Army history; 24 pp [http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-C-ChinaO/index.html Ibiblio.org online edition] * Latimer, Jon. ''Burma: The Forgotten War''. London: John Murray, 2004. * Morley, James, ed. ''The Fateful Choice: Japan's Advance into Southeast Asia, 1939–1941''. (1980).<!--publisher & place?--> * Lewin, Ronald. ''The Chief: Field Marshal Lord Wavell, Commander-in-Chief and Viceroy, 1939–1947''. (1980).<!--publisher & place?--> * MacGarrigle, George L. ''Central Burma'' (1999) Official US Army history pamphlet. [http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-C-Burma45/index.html Ibiblio.org online edition] * Newell, Clayton R. ''Burma, 1942'' (1999) Official US Army history pamphlet. [http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-C-Burma/index.html Ibiblio.org online edition] * [[William R. Peers\|Peers, William R.]] and [[Dean Brelis]]. ''[[Behind the Burma Road\|Behind the Burma Road: The Story of America’s Most Successful Guerrilla Force]]''. Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1963. * Romanus, Charles F. and Riley Sunderland. ''Stilwell's Mission to China'' (1953) [http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-CBI-Mission/index.html Ibiblio.org online edition]; ''Stilwell's Command Problems'' (1956) [https://web.archive.org/web/20100706101820/http://ibiblio.net/hyperwar/USA/USA-CBI-Command/index.html Ibiblio.org online edition]; and ''Time Runs Out in CBI'' (1958) [https://web.archive.org/web/20080724111516/http://www.ibiblio.net/hyperwar/USA/USA-CBI-Time/index.html Ibiblio.org online edition]. Official U.S. Army history * Sherry, Mark D. '' China Defensive,'' (1999) Official US Army history pamphlet [http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-C-ChinaD/index.html Ibiblio.org online edition] * Tuchman, Barbara. ''Stilwell and the American Experience in China, 1911–45''. (1972)<!--publisher & place?--> (The British edition is titled ''Against the Wind: Stilwell and the American Experience in China 1911–45,'') [https://www.amazon.com/Stilwell-American-Experience-China-1911-45/dp/0802138527/ excerpt and text search] * Webster, Donovan. ''The Burma Road: The Epic Story of the China-Burma-India Theater in World War II''. (2003)<!--publisher & place?--> * Yu, Maochun. ''The Dragon's War: Allied Operations and the Fate of China, 1937–1947''. (2006).<!--publisher & place?--> === Historiografi === * Lee, Lloyd, ed. ''World War II in Asia and the Pacific and the War's aftermath, with General Themes: A Handbook of Literature and Research''. (1998)<!--publisher & place?--> [https://www.questia.com/library/book/world-war-ii-in-asia-and-the-pacific-and-the-wars-aftermath-with-general-themes-a-handbook-of-literature-and-research-by-loyd-e-lee.jsp online edition] * Resor, Eugene. ''The China-Burma-India Campaign, 1931–1945: Historiography and Annotated Bibliography'' (1998)<!--publisher & place?--> [https://www.questia.com/library/120080325/the-china-burma-india-campaign-1931-1945-historiography online] Baris 72: * [http://www.cbi-history.com CBI Order of Battle] Unit Lineages and History * [https://www.archives.gov/research_room/federal_records_guide/print_friendly.html?page=ww2_theaters_of_war_rg332_content.html&title=NARA%20%7C%20Research%20Room%20%7C%20Guide%20to%20Records%20of%20U.S.%20theaters%20of%20War%2C%20World%20War%20II#332.3 Records of U.S. Theaters of War, World War II:332.3.2 Records of Headquarters U.S. Army Forces, China-Burma-India (HQ USAF CBI)] * [http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/11-9/CBI.htmThe China-Burma-India Theater]{{Pranala mati\|date=November 2022 \|bot=InternetArchiveBot \|fix-attempted=yes }} by the [[United States Army Center of Military History]] * [http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/burma42/burma42.htm Burma 1942] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110828045431/http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/burma42/burma42.htm \|date=2011-08-28 }} a publication of the [[United States Army Center of Military History]] * [http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/centburma/centburma.htm Central Burma 29 January – 15 July 1945] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708140801/http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/centburma/centburma.htm \|date=2011-07-08 }} a publication of the [[United States Army Center of Military History]] * [http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/indiaburma/indiaburma.htm India-Burma 2 April 1942-28 January 1945] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719212652/http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/indiaburma/indiaburma.htm \|date=2011-07-19 }} a publication of the [[United States Army Center of Military History]] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041015212334/http://history.amedd.army.mil/booksdocs/wwii/CrisisFleeting/frameindex.html Office of the US Surgeon General: Office of Medical History(USOMH): Index: Original Reports on Military Medicine in India and Burma] * [http://www.cbi-theater.com/dad/links.html list of links to CBI pages] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20040624212907/http://www.nimitz-museum.org/cbiprimer.htm Forgotten Warriors: China-Burma-India] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090720142132/http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/WW2Timeline/detachment101.html OSS Detachment 101 in Burma], [https://web.archive.org/web/20010724174025/http://www.oss-101.com/history.html OSS-101 ] * [http://www.warbirdforum.com/annals.htm Annals of the Flying Tigers]{{Pranala mati\|date=Maret 2021 \|bot=InternetArchiveBot \|fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.historyanimated.com/BurmaPage.html Animated History of The Burma Campaign] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204180911/http://www.historyanimated.com/BurmaPage.html \|date=2012-02-04 }} * [http://www.nightfighter.info/ Night Fighter by J R Smith] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060821214710/http://www.nightfighter.info/ \|date=2006-08-21 }} ;Foto