Anne Rice: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{penjelasan singkat|Penulis Amerika Serikat (1941–2021)}}
{{Infobox writer
| image = Anne Rice.jpg
| caption = Rice in 2006
|
|
|
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2021|12|11|1941|10|04|mf=yes}}
| death_place = [[Rancho Mirage]], [[California]], Amerika Serikat
| education = {{plainlist|
* [[Texas Woman's University]]
* [[Universitas Negara Bagian San Francisco]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Master of Arts|MA]])
}}
| occupation = Novelist
| pseudonym = {{plainlist|
* Anne Rampling
* A. N. Roquelaure
}}
| genre = {{hlist|[[Gothic fiction]]|[[Horror fiction|horror]]|[[erotic literature]]|[[Christian novel]]|fantasy}}
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Stan Rice]]|1961|2002|reason=died}}
| children = 2, including [[Christopher Rice|Christopher]]
| relatives = {{plainlist|
* [[Alice Borchardt]] (sister)
* [[Allen Daviau]] (cousin)
}}
| influences = <!-- This parameter was removed from the Infobox writer template with a note to incorporate cited information in the text. That has been done.-->
| website = {{URL|annerice.com}}
| portaldisp = y
}}
'''Anne Rice'''{{sfn|Bowman|1995|p=[https://archive.org/details/cambridgediction00bowm/page/607 607]}} (lahir dengan nama '''Howard Allen Frances O'Brien'''; {{lahirmati||4|10|1941||11|12|2021}}) adalah penulis [[Amerika Serikat]] yang menulis karya bergenre [[fiksi gotik]], [[sastra erotik]], dan [[sastra Kristen]]. Ia terkenal karena seri novel karyanya ''[[The Vampire Chronicles]]''. Buku-buku dari ''The Vampire Chronicles'' menjadi subjek dari dua alih wahana film yaitu ''[[Interview with the Vampire]]'' (1994) dan ''[[Queen of the Damned]]'' (2002).
Anne menghabiskan banyak masa kecilnya di [[New Orleans]] sebelum berpindah ke [[Texas]] dan kemudian ke [[San Francisco]], [[California]]. Ia dibesarkan dalam keluarga Katolik yang taat, tetapi menjadi agnostik saat remaja. Ia memulai karier menulis profesionalnya dengan penerbitan ''[[Interview with the Vampire]]'' pada tahun 1976 saat tinggal di California dan mulai menulis sekuel novel itu pada dasawarsa 1980-an. Pada pertengahan dasawarsa 2000-an, setelah kembali memeluk agama Katolik, Anna menerbitkan novel ''[[Christ the Lord: Out of Egypt]]'' dan ''[[Christ the Lord: The Road to Cana]]'', kisah fiksi tentang peristiwa tertentu dalam kehidupan Yesus. Beberapa tahun kemudian ia menjauhkan diri dari agama Kristen dengan alasan ketidaksepakatan dengan sikap Gereja Katolik tentang masalah sosial, tetapi berjanji bahwa iman kepada Tuhan tetap menjadi pusat kehidupannya. Namun, ia kemudian menganggap dirinya seorang [[humanis sekuler]].<ref name="Secular Humanist">{{cite web|last=Rice|first=Anne|title=Anne Rice|url=https://www.facebook.com/annericefanpage/posts/10151623323420452|publisher=[[Facebook]]|access-date=April 26, 2014|date=April 14, 2013|quote=What do the words, "secular humanism," mean to you? Can you explain? (I am a secular humanist myself and I am thankful to be living in what I believe to be a secular humanist country, but I welcome your thoughts on this.)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160124235605/https://www.facebook.com/annericefanpage/posts/10151623323420452|archive-date=January 24, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
Buku karya Anne telah terjual lebih dari 150 juta buku, sehingga menjadikannya salah satu penulis paling populer dan terlaris sepanjang masa.<ref name=Fantastic>{{cite web|title=Anne Rice|url=http://www.fantasticfiction.co.uk/r/anne-rice/|publisher=FantasticFiction|access-date=June 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110321093547/http://www.fantasticfiction.co.uk/r/anne-rice/|archive-date=March 21, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="On Conversion">{{cite web|title=PreachingToday.com & Christianity Today|url=http://www.preachingtoday.com/illustrations/2008/march/10032408.html|publisher=PreachingToday.com & Christianity Today|access-date=June 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619164325/http://www.preachingtoday.com/illustrations/2008/march/10032408.html|archive-date=June 19, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Sementara tanggapan terhadap karya-karya awalnya pada awalnya beragam, ia menjadi lebih populer di kalangan kritikus dan pembaca pada dasawarsa 1980-an. Gaya penulisannya dan isi sastra dari karyanya telah dianalisis oleh para komentator sastra. Ia menikah dengan penyair dan pelukis [[Stan Rice]] selama 41 tahun, dari tahun 1961 sampai kematian Stan akibat kanker otak pada usia 60 tahun pada tahun 2002.<ref name=Phone>{{cite web|last=Rice|first=Anne|title=Phone Message Transcript: December 9, 2002|url=http://www.annerice.com/ph20021209.htm|publisher=Anne Rice|work=AnneRice.com|access-date=June 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510095922/http://www.annerice.com/ph20021209.htm|archive-date=May 10, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Stan Obit">{{cite web|title=Stan Rice Obituary|url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/nytimes/obituary.aspx?n=stan-rice&pid=646671&fhid=2618|publisher=Legacy.com|access-date=June 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021013140/http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/nytimes/obituary.aspx?n=stan-rice&pid=646671&fhid=2618|archive-date=October 21, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Ia dan Stan memiliki dua anak, yaitu Michele yang meninggal karena leukemia pada usia lima tahun dan Christopher yang juga seorang penulis.
Selain novel vampirnya, Anne menulis buku seperti ''[[The Feast of All Saints]]'' (dialihwahanakan ke televisi pada tahun 2001) dan ''[[Servant of the Bones]]'' yang menjadi dasar dari miniseri buku komik tahun 2011. Beberapa buku dari ''The Vampire Chronicles'' telah dialihwahanakan menjadi komik dan [[manga]] oleh pelbagai penerbit. Anne juga menulis fiksi erotis dengan nama pena Anne Rampling dan A. N. Roquelaure, termasuk ''[[Exit to Eden]]'', yang kemudian dialihwahanakan menjadi [[Exit to Eden (film)|film tahun 1994]].
== Kehidupan masa kecil ==
=== New Orleans dan Texas ===
Anne Rice lahir sebagai anak kedua dan keempat anak perempuan di [[New Orleans]], [[Louisiana]], pada 4 Oktober 1941 dari pasangan [[Katolik]] [[Irlandia-Amerika Serikat|Irlandia]] Howard O'Brien dan Katherine "Kay" Allen O'Brien.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Anne-Rice|title=Anne Rice|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006101829/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Anne-Rice|archive-date=October 6, 2021|access-date=October 3, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Telegraph">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/donotmigrate/3562792/Anne-Rice-interview-with-the-vampire-writer.html|title=Anne Rice: interview with the vampire writer|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=November 2, 2008|access-date=September 11, 2010|first=Stuart|last=Husband|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213042527/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/donotmigrate/3562792/Anne-Rice-interview-with-the-vampire-writer.html|archive-date=December 13, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Ayahnya yang menjadi veteran Angkatan Laut [[Perang Dunia II]] dan penduduk seumur hidup New Orleans bekerja sebagai eksekutif personalia di [[Jawatan Pos Amerika Serikat]] dan menulis sebuah novel berjudul ''The Impulsive Imp'' yang diterbitkan selepas kematiannya.<ref name="Father Obit" /><ref name="Imp review">{{cite web|title=THE IMPULSIVE IMP by Howard O'Brien|url=http://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/indie/howard-obrien/the-impulsive-imp/#review|publisher=Kirkus Reviews|access-date=June 10, 2012}}{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="Chamber Imp">{{cite web|last=Rice|first=Anne|title=The Impulsive Imp|url=http://www.annerice.com/Chamber-Imp.html|publisher=Anne Rice|work=AnneRice.com|access-date=June 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716185217/http://www.annerice.com/Chamber-Imp.html|archive-date=July 16, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Kakaknya, [[Alice Borchardt]], kemudian menjadi penulis novel fantasi dan [[percintaan sejarah]].<ref name="obit">"{{cite web |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-aug-03-me-borchardt3-story.html |title=Alice Borchardt, 67; author wrote historical romance novels in second career after nursing |first=Mary |last=Rourke |website=Los Angeles Times |date=August 3, 2007 |access-date=December 13, 2021}}</ref>
Anne menghabiskan sebagian besar masa mudanya di New Orleans yang menjadi latar dari banyak karyanya. Ia dan keluarganya tinggal di rumah kontrakan nenek dari pihak ibu, Alice Allen, yang dikenal sebagai "Mamma Allen", di 2301 St. Charles Avenue di [[Irish Channel]], yang menurut Rice secara luas dianggap sebagai "Ghetto Katolik".<ref name=Busted>{{cite web|last=McGarvey|first=Bill|title=Busted: Anne Rice|date=November 22, 2005|url=http://www.bustedhalo.com/features/busted-anne-rice/2|publisher=Busted Halo|access-date=June 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722014053/http://bustedhalo.com/features/busted-anne-rice/2|archive-date=July 22, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Frommer's">{{cite web|title=Special-Interest Sightseeing: Anne Rice's New Orleans|url=http://www.frommers.com/destinations/neworleans/0020020185.html|publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Inc.|access-date=June 19, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110322032212/http://www.frommers.com/destinations/neworleans/0020020185.html|archive-date=March 22, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Katherine yang mulai bekerja sebagai pembantu rumah tangga tak lama setelah berpisah dari suaminya yang pecandu alkohol merupakan pengaruh awal yang penting dalam kehidupan Anne, menjaga keluarga dan rumah tangga tetap kokoh saat ibu dari Anne semakin tenggelam dalam alkoholisme. Katherine meninggal pada tahun 1949, tetapi keluarga Howard tetap tinggal di rumahnya sampai tahun 1956, ketika mereka pindah ke 2524 St. Charles Avenue, yang merupakan bekas pastoran, biara, dan sekolah milik paroki, agar lebih dekat dengan gereja dan berupaya menyemangati Katherine yang kecanduan alkohol.{{sfn|Ramsland|1991|pp=34–35}} Semasa kecil, Anne bersekolah di St. Alphonsus School, sebuah lembaga Katolik tempat ayahnya bersekolah.<ref name="Busted" />
Perihal nama pemberiannya yang tak biasa, Anne berkata:
{{blockquote|Betul, nama lahir saya ialah Howard Allen karena tampaknya ibu saya berpikir itu adalah gagasan yang baik untuk menamai saya Howard. Ayah saya bernama Howard, ibu saya ingin menamai saya Howard dan ibu saya pikir itu adalah hal yang sangat menarik untuk dilakukan. Kepribadiannya sedikit seperti seorang [[Bohemianisme|Bohemia]], sedikit gila, sedikit cerdas, dan seorang guru yang hebat. Dan ia memiliki gagasan bahwa menamai seorang wanita Howard akan memberikan wanita itu keuntungan yang tidak biasa di dunia.<ref name=Answered>{{cite web|last=Rice |first=Anne |title=You Asked, Anne Answered |url=http://www.annerice.com/ques_per.htm#howard |publisher=Kith and Kin, LLC. |work=AnneRice.com |access-date=June 15, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19981205061038/http://www.annerice.com/ques_per.htm |archive-date=December 5, 1998 }}</ref>}}
Namun, menurut biografi resmi ''Prism of the Night'' karya Katherine Ramsland, ayah Anne adalah sumber nama lahir putrinya, dengan menyebutkan, "Berpikir kembali ke hari-hari ketika namanya sendiri dikaitkan dengan anak perempuan dan mungkin dalam upaya untuk memberikan nama gadis kecil itu, Howard menamainya Howard Allen Frances O'Brien."{{sfn|Ramsland|1991|p=10}} Anne menggunakan nama "Anne" pada hari pertama sekolahnya ketika seorang biarawati menanyai siapa namanya. Dia mengatakan "Anne" kepada biarawati itu yang ia anggap nama yang cantik. Ibunya yang bersamanya membiarkannya pergi tanpa memperbaiki nama itu mengetahui betapa sadar diri putrinya akan nama aslinya. Sejak hari itu, semua orang yang ia kenal memanggilnya dengan "Anne",<ref>{{YouTube|OhzKP9SxSLQ|Interview "Called Out Of Darkness: Part 1: An Anne Rice Memoir" ''annerice.com channel,'' September 19, 2008}}</ref><ref name="Chamber Bio">{{cite web|last=Rice|first=Anne|title=Biography|url=http://www.annerice.com/Chamber-Biography.html|work=AnneRice.com|publisher=Anne Rice|access-date=June 22, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110223061622/http://annerice.com/Chamber-Biography.html|archive-date=February 23, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> dan namanya diubah secara resmi pada tahun 1947.{{sfn|Bowman|1995|p=[https://archive.org/details/cambridgediction00bowm/page/607 607]}} Anne dikukuhkan di Gereja Katolik ketika berusia 12 tahun dan menggunakan nama lengkap Howard Allen Frances Alphonsus Liguori O'Brien, dengan menambahkan nama seorang santo dan bibinya yang adalah seorang biarawati. Katanya, "Saya merasa terhormat memiliki nama bibi saya, tetapi merupakan beban dan kegembiraan saya sebagai seorang anak untuk memiliki nama yang aneh."{{sfn|Ramsland|1991|pp=28, 44}}
Ketika Anne menginjak usia 15 tahun, ibunya meninggal dunia karena kecanduan minuman beralkohol.<ref name="Telegraph" /><ref name=Ferraro>{{cite news|last=Ferraro|first=Susan|title=Novels You Can Sink Your Teeth Into|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/10/14/magazine/novels-you-can-sink-your-teeth-into.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm|work=The New York Times Magazine|access-date=July 3, 2012|date=October 14, 1990|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213145948/http://www.nytimes.com/1990/10/14/magazine/novels-you-can-sink-your-teeth-into.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm|archive-date=December 13, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Bio Channel">{{cite web|title=Anne Rice Biography |url=http://www.thebiographychannel.co.uk/biographies/anne-rice.html |work=Biography |publisher=AETN UK |access-date=June 22, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510182154/http://www.thebiographychannel.co.uk/biographies/anne-rice.html |archive-date=May 10, 2012 }}</ref> Segera setelah itu, ia dan saudaranya ditempatkan oleh ayah mereka di [[St. Joseph Academy]]. Anne menganggap St. Joseph Academy dengan berkata, "[St. Joseph Academy] ialah sesuatu yang keluar dari Jane Eyre ... jenis tempat abad pertengahan yang bobrok lagi mengerikan. Saya benar-benar membencinya dan ingin pergi. Saya merasa dikhianati oleh ayah saya."{{sfn|Ramsland|1991|p=53}}
Pada November 1957, ayah Anne menikahi Dorothy Van Bever.<ref name="Father Obit">{{cite web|title=O Obituaries Orleans Parish Louisiana|url=http://files.usgwarchives.net/la/orleans/obits/1/o-01.txt|work=USGenWeb Archives|publisher=USGenWeb|access-date=June 22, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531070939/http://files.usgwarchives.net/la/orleans/obits/1/o-01.txt|archive-date=May 31, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Tentang pertemuan pertama pasangan itu, Anne mengenang, "Ayah saya menulis surat resmi untuk mengundangnya makan siang yang saya antar ke rumahnya... saya sangat gugup. Dalam catatan itu, ayah saya menyertakan pin yang akan dikenakannya jika ia menerima undangan itu. Hari berikutnya Dorothy memakai pin.<ref name="Father Obit" /> Pada tahun 1958, ketika Anne berusia 16 tahun, keluarganya berpindah ke utara Texas dan membeli rumah pertama mereka di [[Richardson]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/user/AnneRiceDotCom#p/u/21/7CjxFQmqRbU|title="The high school home," ''annerice.com YouTube Channel,'' March 17, 2011|work=YouTube|access-date=August 21, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140828225501/https://www.youtube.com/user/AnneRiceDotCom#p/u/21/7CjxFQmqRbU#p/u/21/7CjxFQmqRbU|archive-date=August 28, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Anne pertama kali bertemu dengan calon suaminya, [[Stan Rice]], di kelas jurnalisme saat mereka berdua masih menjadi siswa di [[Sekolah Menengah Atas Richardson]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/user/AnneRiceDotCom#p/u/22/4txp4KB-UtY|title="Returning to high school," ''annerice.com YouTube channel,'' March 17, 2011|work=YouTube|access-date=August 21, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140828225501/https://www.youtube.com/user/AnneRiceDotCom#p/u/22/4txp4KB-UtY#p/u/22/4txp4KB-UtY|archive-date=August 28, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== San Francisco dan Berkeley ===
Setelah lulus dari Sekolah Menengah Atas Richardson pada tahun 1959, Anne menyelesaikan tahun pertamanya di [[Universitas Wanita Texas]] di [[Denton]] dan dipindahkan ke [[North Texas State College]] pada tahun keduanya. Ia berhenti berkuliah ketika ia kehabisan uang dan tidak dapat menemukan pekerjaan.{{sfn|Ramsland|1991|pp=66–67}} Segera setelah itu, ia pindah ke [[San Francisco]] dan tinggal bersama keluarga seorang teman sampai menemukan pekerjaan sebagai pemproses klaim asuransi. Ia membujuk mantan teman sekamarnya dari Universitas Wanita Texas, Ginny Mathis, untuk bergabung dengannya dan mereka menemukan sebuah apartemen di distrik [[Haight-Ashbury]]. Ginny memperoleh pekerjaan di perusahaan asuransi yang sama dengan Anne. Segera setelah itu, mereka mulai mengambil kursus malam di [[Universitas San Francisco]], sebuah sekolah [[Yesuit]] yang semuanya laki-laki yang mengizinkan perempuan untuk mengambil kursus malam. Semasa liburan Paskah, Anne pulang ke Texas dan menghidupkan kembali hubungannya dengan Stan. Setelah kembali ke San Francisco, Stan datang untuk kunjungan selama seminggu selama liburan musim panas. Beberapa waktu kemudian, Anne menerima surat pengantar khusus dari Stan yang memintanya menikahinya. Mereka menikah pada 14 Oktober 1961 di [[Denton]] segera setelah ia berusia 20 tahu dan terjadi ketika ia baru saja merayakan ulang tahunnya ke-19 tahun beberapa minggu sebelumnya.{{sfn|Ramsland|1991|pp=67–77}}
Keluarga Rice pindah kembali ke San Francisco pada tahun 1962 yang mengalami kelahiran gerakan [[hippie]] secara langsung saat mereka tinggal di distrik [[Haight-Ashbury]] yang akan segera menjadi dongeng, [[Berkeley, California|California]], dan kemudian [[The Castro, San Francisco|Distrik Castro]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0723351/bio|title=Anne Rice|website=IMDb|access-date=August 3, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725215202/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0723351/bio|archive-date=July 25, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Anne mnegatakan kepada ''[[The New York Times]]'', "Saya orang yang benar-benar konservatif, di tengah Haight-Ashbury pada dasawarsa 1960-an, saya mengetik sementara semua orang menumpahkan asam dan merokok ganja. Saya dikenal sebagai kotak saya sendiri."<ref name=Kellerman>{{cite news|last=Kellerman|first=Stewart|title=Other Incarnations Of the Vampire Author|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/11/07/books/other-incarnations-of-the-vampire-author.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm|access-date=June 30, 2012|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 7, 1988|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524225924/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/11/07/books/other-incarnations-of-the-vampire-author.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm|archive-date=May 24, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Anne berkuliah di [[Universitas Negara Bagian San Francisco]] dan memperoleh gelar [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] dalam bidang [[ilmu politik]] pada tahun 1964.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sfsu.edu/~sfsumag/archive/spring_06/rice.html |title=An Interview with Anne Rice |website=San Francisco State University |date=2006 |access-date=December 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111119153329/http://www.sfsu.edu/~sfsumag/archive/spring_06/rice.html |archive-date=November 19, 2011}}</ref> Anak perempuan mereka bernama Michele yang kemudian dijuluki "Mouse" lahir dari pasangan itu pada 21 September 1966 dan Anne kemudian menghentikan pendidikan pascasarjananya di Universitas Negara Bagian San Francisco untuk menjadi calon Ph.D. di [[Universitas California, Berkeley]]. Ia segera kecewa dengan penekanan kepada kritik sastra dan persyaratan bahasa. Dalam perkataan Anne, "Saya ingin menjadi penulis, bukan mahasiswa sastra."<ref name="smalltalk" />
Anne kembali ke Universitas Negara Bagian San Francisco pada tahun 1970 untuk menyelesaikan perkuliahannya di bidang penulisan kreatif dan lulus dengan gelar [[Master of Arts|M.A.]] pada tahun 1972. Stan menjadi instruktur di Universitas Negara Bagian San Francisco tak lama setelah menerima gelar M.A. di bidang penulisan kreatif dan kemudian memimpin bagian kreatif departemen penulisan sebelum pensiun pada tahun 1988.<ref name=smalltalk>{{cite web |url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/d15d15e4-ede9-11df-8616-00144feab49a.html#axzz1Q9PwBRye |title=Small talk: Anne Rice |last=Metcalfe |first=Anna |date=November 15, 2010 |website=Financial Times |access-date=December 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515023432/http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/d15d15e4-ede9-11df-8616-00144feab49a.html#axzz1Q9PwBRye#axzz1Q9PwBRye |archive-date=May 15, 2012}}</ref>{{sfn|Ramsland|1991|pp=112–113}} Anaknya didiagnosis menderita [[leukemia myeloid|leukemia granulositik]] akut pada tahun 1970 ketika Anne masih melanjutkan pendidikan pascasarjana. Berbulan-bulan sebelum Michele jatuh sakit, Anne kemudian menjelaskan bahwa ia mengalami [[mimpi kenabian]] bahwa putrinya sekarat karena terdapat sesuatu yang salah dengan darahnya. Michele meninggal pada tahun 1972 tak lama sebelum berusia 6 tahun.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20100681,00.html |title=Anne Rice's Imagination May Roam Among Vampires and Erotica, but Her Heart Is Right at Home |last1=Wadler |first1=Joyce |last2=Greene |first2=Johnny |date=December 5, 1998 |website=People |access-date=December 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110330123938/http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20100681,00.html |archive-date=March 30, 2011}}</ref><ref name=NYT-obituary />
Anne kemudian melahirkan [[Christopher Rice|Christopher]] di [[Berkeley, California]] pada tahun 1978,<ref name=Riley>{{cite book|last=Riley|first=Michael|title=Conversations with Anne Rice|url=https://archive.org/details/conversationswit0000rice|date=April 1996|publisher=Ballantine Books|location=New York|isbn=0-345-39636-7|page=xvi|type = Soft cover|chapter=Chronology}}</ref> yang kemudian menjadi penulis terlaris dengan caranya sendiri. Ia menerbitkan novel pertamanya pada usia 22 tahun.<ref name=ChristopherBlog>{{cite web|title=About Christopher |url=http://www.christopherricebooks.com/AboutChristopher.html |work=Christopher Rice, New York Times Best Selling Novelist |publisher=Christopher Rice |access-date=April 26, 2014 |quote=Christopher's first novel, A DENSITY OF SOULS, was published when he was just 22. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309123557/http://www.christopherricebooks.com/AboutChristopher.html |archive-date=March 9, 2014 }}</ref> Anne yang mengakui dirinya pecandu alkohol dan suaminya berhenti minum alkohol pada pertengahan tahun 1979 sehingga anak mereka tidak akan memiliki kehidupan yang sama seperti Anne saat kecil.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/user/AnneRiceDotCom#p/u/280/B2PN9vS7oLQ "Don't Drink"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140828225501/https://www.youtube.com/user/AnneRiceDotCom#p/u/280/B2PN9vS7oLQ#p/u/280/B2PN9vS7oLQ |date=August 28, 2014 }}, annerice.com YouTube channel</ref>
== Karier kepenulisan ==
=== Pengaruh ===
Anne menyebut [[Charles Dickens]],<ref name=Essay>{{cite web|last=Rice|first=Anne|title=Essay on Earlier Works|url=http://www.annerice.com/Bookshelf-EarlierWorks.html|work=AnneRice.com|access-date=June 11, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120601023819/http://annerice.com/Bookshelf-EarlierWorks.html|archive-date=June 1, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Virginia Woolf]],<ref name=Recommendations>{{cite web|last=Rice|first=Anne|title=Anne's Chamber: Recommendations|url=http://www.annerice.com/Chamber-Recommendations.html|publisher=Anne Rice|work=AnneRice.com|access-date=June 11, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120527152431/http://annerice.com/Chamber-Recommendations.html|archive-date=May 27, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> [[John Milton]],<ref name="Essay" /> [[Ernest Hemingway]],<ref name="Recommendations" /> [[William Shakespeare]],<ref name="Recommendations" /> [[keluarga Brontë|Brontë bersaudari]],<ref name="Essay" /> [[Jean-Paul Sartre]],<ref name="Busted" /> [[Henry James]],<ref name="Ferraro" /> [[Arthur Conan Doyle]], [[H. Rider Haggard]],{{sfn|Cardin|2015|page=358}} dan [[Stephen King]]<ref name=billboard>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/7074806/alice-cooper-interviews-anne-rice|title=Alice Cooper Interviews Anne Rice on Religion, Vampires, Tom Cruise & Pot|last=Cooper|first=Alice|date=March 11, 2016|work=Billboard|access-date=January 2, 2020|archive-date=August 13, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813104620/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/7074806/alice-cooper-interviews-anne-rice|url-status=live}}</ref> memiliki pengaruh terhadap karyanya. Ia berulang kali membaca novel ''[[Firestarter]]'' karya Stephen untuk mendapatkan ilham, dengan mengatakan, "saya mempelajari novel itu, ''Firestarter'' setiap kali saya tersekat. Membaca beberapa halaman pertama ''Firestarter'' membantu saya untuk terus maju."<ref name=billboard/>
=== ''Interview with the Vampire'' ===
Pada tahun 1973, saat masih berduka karena kehilangan putrinya (1966–1972), Anne mengambil cerita pendek yang ditulis sebelumnya dan [[fix-up|mengubahnya]] menjadi novel pertamanya berjudul ''[[Interview with the Vampire]]'' yang laris. Ia mendasarkan vampirnya kepada tokoh [[Gloria Holden]] dalam ''[[Dracula's Daughter]]'' dengan mengatakan, "Bagi saya ''Interview with the Vampire'' menetapkan apa itu vampir, yaitu orang-orang yang elegan, tragis, dan peka ini. Saya benar-benar hanya mengikuti perasaan itu ketika menulis ''Interview With the Vampire''. Saya tidak melakukan banyak penelitian apa pun."<ref name="Daily Beast">{{cite news|last=Stern|first=Marlow|title=Anne Rice on Sparkly Vampires, 'Twilight,' 'True Blood,' and Werewolves|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2011/11/23/anne-rice-on-sparkly-vampires-twilight-true-blood-and-werewolves.html|work=Book Beast|publisher=The Newsweek/Daily Beast Company LLC|date=November 23, 2011|access-date=August 7, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725055318/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2011/11/23/anne-rice-on-sparkly-vampires-twilight-true-blood-and-werewolves.html|archive-date=July 25, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Setelah menuntaskan novel itu dan mendapat banyak penolakan dari penerbit, Anne menderita [[gangguan obsesif kompulsif]] (OCD). Ia menjadi terobsesi dengan kuman dengan berpikir bahwa ia mencemari semua yang ia sentuh, sering mencuci tangan, dan obsesif memeriksa kunci di jendela dan pintu. Terkait masa itu, Anne berkata, "Apa yang Anda lihat saat berada dalam keadaan itu adalah setiap kekurangan dalam kebersihan kami dan Anda tidak dapat mengendalikannya sehingga Anda menjadi gila."{{sfn|Ramsland|1991|pp=157–158}}
Setelah menyelesaikan terapi OCD selama setahun, Anne menghadiri [[Konferensi Penulis Squaw Valley]] di [[Squaw Valley, County Placer|Squaw Valley]] yang dipimpin oleh penulis [[Ray Nelson]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Mackay|first=Kathleen|title=The Anne Rice Reader|date=February 11, 1997|publisher=Ballantine Books|isbn=978-0345402677|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/annericereader00kath|editor=Ramsland, Katherine|editor-link=Katherine Ramsland|access-date=April 26, 2014|chapter-format=Paperback|chapter=A Literary Friendship: Life Is Not A Footrace|quote='I remember what you were wearing,' Anne said recently, recalling our first meeting in August 1974. It was the first night of the weeklong writers' conference at Squaw Valley, California, and we were at a party welcoming us to the writers' community.}}</ref> Semasa konferensi, Anne bertemu dengan Phyllis Seidel yang kemudian menjadi agen sastranya. Pada bulan Oktober 1974, Phyllis menjual hak penerbitan ''Interview with the Vampire'' kepada [[Alfred A. Knopf]] dengan uang muka sebesar $12.000 dari hak sampul keras pada saat kebanyakan penulis baru menerima uang muka $2.000.{{sfn|Ramsland|1991|pp=159–160}} ''Interview with the Vampire'' diterbitkan pada Mei 1976. Pada tahun 1977, keluarga Rice melakukan perjalanan ke Eropa dan Mesir untuk pertama kalinya.<ref name="Bio Channel" />
=== Karya lain ===
Setelah penerbitan ''Interview with the Vampire'', Anne menulis dua novel sejarah yaitu ''[[The Feast of All Saints]]'' dan ''[[Cry to Heaven]]'' bersama dengan tiga novel erotik (''[[The Claiming of Sleeping Beauty]]'', ''[[Beauty's Punishment]]'', dan ''[[Beauty's Release]]'') di bawah nama samaran AN Roquelaure, dan dua lagi dengan nama samaran Anne Rampling (Exit to Eden dan Belinda) saat tinggal di California.<ref name=":2" />
Tak lama selepas ia kembali ke New Orleans pada bulan Juni 1988, Anne menulis ''[[The Witching Hour]]'' sebagai ekspresi kegembiraannya saat pulang ke rumah. Anne juga melanjutkan seri ''[[Vampire Chronicles]]'' yang populer, yang kemudian berkembang menjadi sepuluh novel, dan melanjutkan ''The Witching Hour'' dengan ''[[Lasher]]'' dan ''[[Taltos]]'' sehingga menuntaskan trilogi ''[[Lives of the Mayfair Witches]]''. Pada tahun 1997, ia juga menerbitkan ''[[Violin (novel)|Violin]]'' yang bercerita tentang hantu yang menghantui.{{sfn|Ramsland|1991|pp=312–317}}
Anne menulis ''[[Christ the Lord: Out of Egypt]]'' yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2005. Novel ini ialah awal dari seri yang mencatat kehidupan Yesus.<ref name=":2" /> Setelah pindah ke [[Rancho Mirage]] pada tahun 2006,<ref name="PEInterview"/> Anne menulis jilid kedua yaitu ''[[Christ the Lord: The Road to Cana]]'' yang diterbitkan pada bulan Maret 2008 dan sedang mengerjakan jilid ketiga yaitu ''Christ the Lord: Kingdom of Heaven'' pada bulan November 2008. Ia juga menulis dua buku pertama dalam seri ''Songs of the Seraphim'', yaitu ''[[Angel Time]]'' dan ''[[Of Love and Evil]]'', serta memoarnya berjudul ''Called Out of Darkness: A Spiritual Confession''.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite web|last=Rice|first=Anne|title=Anne's Messages to Fans|url=http://www.annerice.com/ReaderInteraction-MessagesToFans.html|publisher=Anne Rice|work=AnneRice.com|access-date=December 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081230021048/http://www.annerice.com/ReaderInteraction-MessagesToFans.html|archive-date=December 30, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref>
Pada 9 Maret 2014, Anne mengumumkan bahwa ia telah menuntaskan buku lain dalam seri ''Vampire Chronicles'' berjudul ''[[Prince Lestat]]'' yang dikatakan sebagai sekuel sejati dari 'Queen of the Damned'' di acara radio ''The Dinner Party with Christopher Rice dan Eric Shaw Quinn'' yang dibawakan anaknya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dreadcentral.com/reviews/84069/prince-lestat-book/ |title=Prince Lestat (Book) |date=January 5, 2015 |access-date=January 5, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150106020710/http://www.dreadcentral.com/reviews/84069/prince-lestat-book/ |archive-date=January 6, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> Buku ini diterbitkan pada 28 Oktober 2014.<ref>{{cite web|last=Seikaly|first=Andrea|title=Anne Rice Announces New 'Vampire Chronicles' Book|url=https://variety.com/2014/scene/news/anne-rice-vampire-chronicles-prince-lestat-1201128867/|work=Variety|access-date=April 26, 2014|date=March 10, 2014|quote=Rice said ''Prince Lestat'' will be a 'true sequel' to her 1988 novel ''Queen of the Damned''....|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323003231/http://variety.com/2014/scene/news/anne-rice-vampire-chronicles-prince-lestat-1201128867/|archive-date=March 23, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Pada tahun 2015, sekuel dari trilogi ''Sleeping Beauty'' yaitu ''Beauty's Kingdom'' diterbitkan.ref name=":0" />
== Penerimaan dan analisis ==
Setelah memulai debutnya pada tahun 1976, ''[[Interview with the Vampire]]'' menerima banyak ulasan negatif dari para pengkritik, sehingga Anne mundur sementara dari genre supernatural. Ketika ''[[The Vampire Lestat]]'' memulai debutnya pada tahun 1985, tanggapan dari kritikus maupun pembaca lebih positif, dan edisi sampul keras pertama buku ini terjual 75.000 buku. Setelah diterbitkan pada tahun 1988, versi sampul keras awal ''[[The Queen of the Damned]]'' dicetak sebanyak 405.000 buku.<ref name="Ferraro" /> Novel ini adalah pilihan utama dari [[Persekutuan Sastra Amerika]] untuk tahun 1988 dan mencapai posisi #1 di [[daftar The New York Times Best Seller]] dan bertahan di daftar itu selama lebih dari empat bulan.<ref name="Ferraro" /><ref name=Hunter>{{cite book|last=Hunter|first=Jeffrey W.|title=Contemporary Literary Criticism|volume=128|date=2000|publisher=Gale Cengage|isbn=0787632031}}</ref>
Novel Rice diterima dengan baik oleh banyak anggota komunitas [[LGBT+]], beberapa anggota di antaranya menganggap tokoh vampirnya sebagai simbol [[alegori]] dari isolasi dan keterasingan sosial.<ref name="Ferraro" /> Demikian pula, seorang pengulas menulis untuk ''[[The Boston Globe]]'' mengamati bahwa vampir dari novel-novelnya mewakili "yang berjalan teralienasi, orang-orang dari kita yang, karena pilihan atau tidak, berdiam di pinggiran."{{sfn|Day|2002|p=43}} Mengenai masalah ini, Anne sendiri berkomentar, "Sejak awal, saya memiliki penggemar gay, dan pembaca gay yang merasa bahwa karya saya melibatkan alegori gay yang berkelanjutan ... Saya tidak berniat melakukan itu, tetapi itulah yang mereka rasakan. Jadi, bahkan ketika Christopher adalah seorang sayang, saya memiliki pembaca gay dan teman gay dan mengenal orang gay, dan tinggal di distrik Castro di San Francisco, yang merupakan lingkungan gay."<ref name=NPR />
Rice's writings have also been identified as having had a major impact on later developments within the genre of [[Vampire literature|vampire fiction]].{{sfn|Day|2002|p=43}} "Rice turns vampire conventions inside out," wrote Susan Ferraro of ''[[The New York Times]]''. "Because Rice identifies with the vampire instead of the victim (reversing the usual focus), the horror for the reader springs from the realization of the monster within the self. Moreover, Rice's vampires are loquacious philosophers who spend much of eternity debating the nature of good and evil."<ref name="Ferraro"/>
In addition, Rice's writing style has been heavily analyzed.<ref name="Hunter" /> Ferraro, in a statement typical of many reviewers, described Rice's prose as "florid, both lurid and lyrical, and full of sensuous detail". However, others have criticized her writing style as both verbose and overly philosophical.<ref name="Hunter"/> Author William Patrick Day comments that her writing is often "long, convoluted, and imprecise".{{sfn|Day|2002|p=45}} ''The New York Times'' critic [[Michiko Kakutani]] wrote that "Anne Rice has what might best be described as a Gothic imagination crossed with a campy taste for the decadent and the bizarre."<ref name="Kakutani">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/10/19/books/books-of-the-times-vampire-for-out-times.html|title=Books of the Times; Vampire for Out Times|first=Michiko|last=Kakutani|author-link=Michiko Kakutani|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=October 19, 1985|access-date=May 20, 2020|page=16|url-access=limited|archive-date=October 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201015235431/https://www.nytimes.com/1985/10/19/books/books-of-the-times-vampire-for-out-times.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Kehidupan pribadi ==
=== Kembali ke New Orleans dan memeluk Katolik ===
In June 1988, following the success of ''The Vampire Lestat'' and with ''The Queen of the Damned'' about to be published, the Rices purchased a second home in New Orleans, the Brevard–Rice House, built in 1857 for Albert Hamilton Brevard. Stan took a leave of absence from his teaching, and together they moved to New Orleans. Within months, they decided to make it their permanent home.{{sfn|Ramsland|1991|pp=312–317}}
Rice returned to the Catholic Church in 1998 after decades of [[atheism]]. On December 14, 1998, she fell into a coma, later determined to be caused by [[diabetic ketoacidosis]] (DKA), and nearly died.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/DrJohnson/story?id=127735|work=ABC|title=Anne Rice Says Diabetes Nearly Killed Her|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=June 26, 2004|access-date=January 21, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202011939/http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/DrJohnson/story?id=127735|archive-date=February 2, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> She was later diagnosed with [[diabetes mellitus type 1]], and was [[insulin]]-dependent.<ref>[http://www.annerice.com/msg020199.htm Anne Rice telephone message to fans about diabetic coma] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926220443/http://www.annerice.com/msg020199.htm |date=September 26, 2011 }} ''annerice.com,'' February 1, 1999.</ref><ref>Burke, Anne. [http://www.sfsu.edu/~sfsumag/archive/spring_06/rice.html "An Interview with Anne Rice"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111119153329/http://www.sfsu.edu/~sfsumag/archive/spring_06/rice.html |date=November 19, 2011 }} ''SFSU Magazine Online,'' Spring 2006.</ref><ref>Ayres, Chris. [http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/fiction/article6905136.ece "The conversation: Anne Rice"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110422180701/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/fiction/article6905136.ece |date=April 22, 2011 }} ''The Sunday Times,'' December 7, 2009.</ref> In 2003, following the recommendation of her husband and carried out shortly after his death, Rice underwent [[gastric bypass surgery]] and shed 103 pounds.<ref>[http://www.annerice.com/ph20030217.htm Anne Rice telephone message to fans about gastric bypass surgery] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926220503/http://www.annerice.com/ph20030217.htm |date=September 26, 2011 }} ''annerice.com,'' February 17, 2003.</ref><ref>Adato, Allison. [http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20149013,00.html "Chapter Two: In a Newly Trim Body, Author Anne Rice Is Starting a New Life—One Without Her Beloved Husband or Favorite Vampire"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110330062021/http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20149013,00.html |date=March 30, 2011 }} ''People Magazine,'' Vol. 60, No. 25, December 22, 2003.</ref>
In 2004, Rice nearly died again from an intestinal blockage or [[bowel obstruction]], a common complication of [[gastric bypass surgery]]. In 2005, ''[[Newsweek]]'' reported, "[Rice] came close to death last year, when she had surgery for an intestinal blockage, and also back in 1998, when she went into a sudden diabetic coma; that same year she returned to the Roman Catholic Church, which she'd left at 18."<ref name="GatesNewsweek">Gates, David. [http://www.newsweek.com/id/50735 "The Gospel According to Anne"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029192319/https://www.newsweek.com/gospel-according-anne-120649 |date=October 29, 2021 }} ''Newsweek'', October 31, 2005.</ref> Her return did not come with a full embrace of the Church's stances on social issues; Rice remained a vocal supporter of equality for gay men and lesbians (including [[Same-sex marriage|marriage rights]]), as well as abortion rights and [[birth control]],<ref>O'Connor, Anne-Marie. [https://articles.latimes.com/2005/dec/26/entertainment/et-rice26 "Twists of faith; Anne Rice's vision of Christianity is reflected in her new book"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100803012736/http://articles.latimes.com/2005/dec/26/entertainment/et-rice26 |date=August 3, 2010 }} ''Los Angeles Times'', December 26, 2005.</ref> writing extensively on such issues.<ref>Examples from her blog at ''AnneRice.com'' include:
* "[http://www.annerice.com/msg090704.htm A Political Note]" (September 6, 2004) - [https://web.archive.org/web/20051125052202/http://www.annerice.com/msg090704.htm Archived] from the original on November 25, 2005
* "[http://www.annerice.com/fa_citizen_archive.htm Gay Marriage, John Kerry, and The Passion of the Christ]" (February 28, 2004) - [https://web.archive.org/web/20051129011309/http://www.annerice.com/fa_citizen_archive.htm Archived] from the original on November 25, 2005
* "[http://www.annerice.com/msgpol2.htm Politics Again: Kerry and Cheney's Daughter]" (October 16, 2004) - [https://web.archive.org/web/20051029171315/http://www.annerice.com/msgpol2.htm Archived] from the original on October 29, 2005</ref>
In October 2005, while promoting her book, ''[[Christ the Lord: Out of Egypt]]'', she announced in ''Newsweek'' that she would now use her life and talent of writing to glorify her belief in God, but she did not renounce her earlier works, citing a connection in her earlier work with the state of her spiritual life.<ref name="GatesNewsweek"/>
In the Author's Note from ''Christ the Lord: Out of Egypt'', Rice states:
<blockquote>I had experienced an old-fashioned, strict Roman Catholic childhood in the 1940s and 1950s ... we attended daily Mass and Communion in an enormous and magnificently decorated church.... Stained-glass windows, the [[Latin Mass]], the detailed answers to complex questions on good and evil—these things were imprinted on my soul forever....
I left this church at age 18.... I wanted to know what was happening, why so many seemingly good people didn't believe in any organized religion yet cared passionately about their behavior and value of their lives.... I broke with the church.... I wrote many novels that without my being aware that they reflected my quest for meaning in a world without God.<ref>Rice, Anne (2008). ''Christ the Lord: Out of Egypt: A Novel'' (trade paperback) New York: Ballantine Books. pp. 323–325. {{ISBN|978-0-345-49273-9}}.</ref></blockquote>
In her memoir ''Called Out of Darkness: A Spiritual Confession'', Rice stated:
<blockquote>In the moment of surrender, I let go of all the theological or social questions which had kept me from [God] for countless years. I simply let them go. There was the sense, profound and wordless, that if He knew everything I did not have to know everything, and that, in seeking to know everything, I'd been, all of my life, missing the entire point. No social paradox, no historic disaster, no hideous record of injustice or misery should keep me from Him. No question of Scriptural integrity, no torment over the fate of this or that atheist or gay friend, no worry for those condemned and ostracized by my church or any other church should stand between me and Him. The reason? It was magnificently simple: He knew how or why everything happened; He knew the disposition of every single soul. He wasn't going to let anything happen by accident! Nobody was going to go to Hell by mistake.<ref>Rice, Anne (2005). ''Called Out of Darkness: A Spiritual Confession''. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 183. {{ISBN|978-0-307-26827-3}}.</ref></blockquote>
=== Meninggalkan New Orleans ===
On January 18, 2004, Rice announced on her website that she had made plans to leave New Orleans.<ref name=LeaveNewOrleans>{{cite web|url=http://www.annerice.com/feature.htm |title=Anne Rice announces she is leaving New Orleans, ''annerice.com,'' January 18, 2004 |access-date=April 13, 2004 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040413012039/http://www.annerice.com/feature.htm |archive-date=April 13, 2004 }}</ref> She cited living alone since the death of her husband and her son moving to California as the reasons for her move. On January 30, 2004, Rice put the largest of her three homes up for sale and moved to a gated community in [[Kenner, Louisiana]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bergproperties.com/blog/author-anne-rice-sells-a-four-bedroom-house-she-owned-in-kenner-la-for-2265m/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724083747/http://www.bergproperties.com/blog/author-anne-rice-sells-a-four-bedroom-house-she-owned-in-kenner-la-for-2265m/ |url-status=dead |title=Author Anne Rice sells a four-bedroom house she owned in Kenner, LA for $2.265M|archive-date=July 24, 2011|website=BergProperties.com}}</ref> "Simplifying my life, not owning so much, that's the chief goal", said Rice. "I'll no longer be a citizen of New Orleans in the true sense."<ref name=LeaveNewOrleans/> She sold two New York City condominiums in March and April 2005.<ref>{{cite web |last1=McMullen |first1=Troy |title=The Price-Rise Chronicles |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB113348825363812013 |work=[[Wall Street Journal]]|access-date=December 13, 2021 |date=December 2, 2005}}</ref> In 2005, after completing ''Christ the Lord: Out of Egypt'', Rice left New Orleans, shortly before the events of [[Hurricane Katrina]] in August. None of her former New Orleans properties were flooded, and Rice remained a vocal advocate for the city and related relief projects.<ref>Rice, Anne (September 2005). [http://www.annerice.com/NewOrleans-HurricaneKatrina.html "Anne's New Orleans: Hurricane Katrina"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100302213728/http://www.annerice.com/NewOrleans-HurricaneKatrina.html |date=March 2, 2010 }}. annerice.com.</ref><ref>Rice, Anne (September 4, 2005). [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/04/opinion/04rice.html "Do You Know What It Means to Lose New Orleans?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150522112713/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/04/opinion/04rice.html |date=May 22, 2015 }} ''[[The New York Times]]''.</ref>
=== California ===
After leaving New Orleans, Rice settled first in [[La Jolla]], California. In November 2005, she described the weather in La Jolla as "like heaven."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsweek.com/2005/10/30/the-gospel-according-to-anne.html |title=The Gospel According to Anne |website=[[Newsweek]]|date=October 30, 2005|access-date=June 18, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110126083305/http://www.newsweek.com/2005/10/30/the-gospel-according-to-anne.html|archive-date=January 26, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20051103/news_lz1c03rice.html|title=Anne Rice's rebirth|work=The San Diego Union-Tribune|date=November 3, 2005|access-date=June 18, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111119174839/http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20051103/news_lz1c03rice.html|archive-date=November 19, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> However, she left La Jolla less than a year after moving there, stating in January 2006 that the weather was too cold.<ref>Showley, Roger M. (January 11, 2006). [http://legacy.signonsandiego.com/news/metro/20060111-9999-1m11rice.html "Author Rice puts her La Jolla home up for sale for $11.5 million"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510223513/http://legacy.signonsandiego.com/news/metro/20060111-9999-1m11rice.html |date=May 10, 2012 }}. ''[[U-T San Diego]]''.</ref> She purchased a six-bedroom home in [[Rancho Mirage, California]] in late 2005 and moved there in 2006, allowing her to be closer to her son in Los Angeles.<ref name="PEInterview">Dean, Jennifer (December 12, 2009). [https://web.archive.org/web/20091216071515/https://www.pe.com/localnews/rivcounty/stories/PE_News_Local_S_webrice.3a134da.html "Q&A with Anne Rice on 'Angel Time'"]. ''The Press-Enterprise''. Retrieved December 13, 2009.</ref><ref name="MovingToCali">{{cite web|last=Beale|first=Lauren|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-may-12-la-hm-hotprop-rice-20100511-story.html|title=Anne Rice puts Rancho Mirage home on the market|work=[[LA Times]]|date=May 12, 2010|access-date=December 12, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
On July 18, 2010, Rice auctioned off her large collection of antique dolls<ref>{{youTube|id=Z4QXDxp1SGo|title=Anne Rice Doll Collection}}, ''annerice.com YouTube channel,'' November 22, 2008</ref> at Thierault's in Chicago.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://collectdolls.about.com/od/dollcollectingresources/a/annriceinterview.htm|title="Celebrated Author Anne Rice Discusses Her Beloved Doll Collection And Its Sale," ''About.com''|author=Denise Van Patten|work=About|access-date=June 18, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100606194305/http://collectdolls.about.com/od/dollcollectingresources/a/annriceinterview.htm|archive-date=June 6, 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> Beginning in mid-2010 and continuing through early 2011, Rice also began auctioning off her household possessions, collectibles featured in her many books, jewelry, and wardrobe on [[eBay]].<ref name=LATimes>{{cite news|last=Kellogg|first=Carolyn|title=Going fast: Anne Rice's Ebay auction|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/jacketcopy/2011/03/anne-rices-ebay-auction.html|work=Los Angeles Times Blog|publisher=Tribune Company|access-date=July 3, 2012|date=March 23, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111210105806/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/jacketcopy/2011/03/anne-rices-ebay-auction.html|archive-date=December 10, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> She also sold a large portion of her library collection to [[Powell's Books]].<ref name=PortlandBusiness>{{cite news|last=Giegerich|first=Andy|title=Powell's Books buys Anne Rice collection|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/portland/news/2010/10/26/powells-books-buys-anne-rice-collection.html|access-date=July 1, 2012|newspaper=Portland Business Journal|date=October 26, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316234044/http://www.bizjournals.com/portland/news/2010/10/26/powells-books-buys-anne-rice-collection.html|archive-date=March 16, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Menjaga jarak dari Kristen ===
On July 28, 2010, Rice publicly announced her disdain for the current state of Christianity on her Facebook page, stating, "Today I quit being a Christian.... I remain committed to Christ as always but not to being 'Christian' or to being part of Christianity. It's simply impossible for me to 'belong' to this quarrelsome, hostile, disputatious, and deservedly infamous group. For ten years, I've tried. I've failed. I'm an outsider. My conscience will allow nothing else."<ref name="PN">{{cite web|url=http://www.publishednow.net/2010/anne-rice-no-longer-christian/ |title=''Anne Rice no longer Christian'' on publishednow.net |access-date=August 2, 2010 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100802142634/http://www.publishednow.net/2010/anne-rice-no-longer-christian/ |archive-date=August 2, 2010 }}</ref><ref name=HuffPost1>{{cite news|last=Kunhardt|first=Jessie|title=Anne Rice: 'I Quit Being A Christian'|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/07/29/anne-rice-i-quit-being-a_n_663915.html|work=The Huffington Post|publisher=TheHuffingtonPost.com, Inc.|access-date=July 1, 2012|date=July 29, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120706170157/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/07/29/anne-rice-i-quit-being-a_n_663915.html|archive-date=July 6, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Shortly thereafter, she clarified her statement: "My faith in Christ is central to my life. My conversion from a pessimistic atheist lost in a world I didn't understand, to an optimistic believer in a universe created and sustained by a loving God is crucial to me. But following Christ does not mean following His followers. Christ is infinitely more important than Christianity and always will be, no matter what Christianity is, has been, or might become."<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://marquee.blogs.cnn.com/2010/07/30/anne-rice-leaves-christianity/?iref=NS1 |title="Anne Rice leaves Christianity" on CNN's Marquee Blog |access-date=July 30, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100801201059/http://marquee.blogs.cnn.com/2010/07/30/anne-rice-leaves-christianity/?iref=NS1 |archive-date=August 1, 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Following her announcement, Rice's critique of Christianity was commented upon by numerous journalists and pundits.<ref name=NPR>{{cite news|title=Writer Anne Rice: 'Today I Quit Being A Christian'|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=128930526|work=NPR.org|publisher=NPR|access-date=July 3, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120601084624/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=128930526|archive-date=June 1, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Grossman>{{cite news|last=Grossman|first=Cathy Lynn|title=Novelist Anne Rice ditches Christianity for Christ|url=http://content.usatoday.com/communities/Religion/post/2010/07/anne-rice-catholic-/1#.T--rvvWT4x4|work=USA Today|access-date=July 1, 2012|date=July 30, 2010|archive-date=January 24, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120124235819/http://content.usatoday.com/communities/Religion/post/2010/07/anne-rice-catholic-/1#.T--rvvWT4x4|url-status=live}}</ref> In an interview with the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', Rice elaborated on her view regarding being a member of a Christian church: "I feel much more morally comfortable walking away from organized religion. I respect that there are all kinds of denominations and all kinds of churches, but it's the entire controversy, the entire conversation that I need to walk away from right now."<ref name="ML">Mitchell Landsberg, [https://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-beliefs-anne-rice-20100807,0,5152082.story "Anne Rice discusses her decision to quit Christianity."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100811184701/http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-beliefs-anne-rice-20100807,0,5152082.story |date=August 11, 2010 }} Los Angeles Times. August 7, 2010.</ref> In response to the question, "how do you follow Christ without a church?" Rice replied: "I think the basic ritual is simply prayer. It's talking to God, putting things in the hands of God, trusting that you're living in God's world and praying for God's guidance. And being absolutely faithful to the core principles of Jesus' teachings."<ref name="ML"/> In 2011, Rice participated in the "[[I Am Second]]" project, with a short documentary about her spiritual journey. On April 14, 2013, Rice stated in a Facebook post that she was a [[secular humanist]].<ref name="Secular Humanist"/> On July 28, 2014, Rice stated in a Facebook post that Christ is still central to her life, but not in the way he is presented by organized religion.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=128930526|title=Writer Anne Rice: 'Today I Quit Being A Christian'|work=NPR.org|access-date=August 3, 2017|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180221133916/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=128930526|archive-date=February 21, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/7074806/alice-cooper-interviews-anne-rice|title=Alice Cooper Interviews Anne Rice on Religion, Vampires, Tom Cruise & Pot|work=Billboard|access-date=August 3, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813104620/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/7074806/alice-cooper-interviews-anne-rice|archive-date=August 13, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Kematian ==
Anne meninggal dunia karena komplikasi stroke di sebuah rumah sakit di [[Rancho Mirage]], [[California]] pada 11 Desember 2021, dua bulan selepas ulang tahunnya ke-80.<ref name=NYT-obituary /><ref name=Seattle-Times-obituary>{{Cite web|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/entertainment/anne-rice-author-of-gothic-novels-dead-at-80/|title = Anne Rice, author of gothic novels, dead at 80|work=[[Associated Press]]|date = December 12, 2021 | access-date=December 12, 2021}}</ref> Menurut pernyataan dari anak Anne, keluarganya berencana memakamkannya di pemakaman keluarga di [[Metairie Cemetery]], New Orleans.<ref name=NYT-obituary>{{cite news | last1=Peltier|first1=Elian| date=December 12, 2021| work=[[The New York Times]]| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/12/books/anne-rice-dead.html | title= Anne Rice, Who Spun Gothic Tales of Vampires, Dies at 80 | access-date=December 12, 2021}}</ref><ref name=Seattle-Times-obituary /><ref>{{cite magazine |last=de los Reyes |first=Lisa |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lifestyle/lifestyle-news/anne-rice-dead-author-interview-with-the-vampire-1235061422/ |title=Anne Rice, Author and Screenwriter of 'Interview With the Vampire,' Dies at 80 |magazine=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=December 12, 2021 |access-date=December 12, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet |first=Christopher |last=Rice |user=chrisricewriter |number=1469920725771325444 |title=Earlier tonight, my mother, Anne Rice, passed away due to complications resulting from a stroke. She left us almost nineteen years to the day my father, her husband Stan, died. Below is a statement I posted to her Facebook page moments ago.}}</ref>
== Alih wahana ==
=== Film ===
In 1994, [[Neil Jordan]] directed a [[Interview with the Vampire (film)|motion picture adaptation of ''Interview with the Vampire'']], based on Rice's own screenplay. The movie starred [[Tom Cruise]] as [[Lestat de Lioncourt|Lestat]], [[Brad Pitt]] as the guilt-ridden [[Louis de Pointe du Lac|Louis]], and a young [[Kirsten Dunst]] in her breakout role as the deceitful child vampire [[Claudia (The Vampire Chronicles)|Claudia]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Interview with the Vampire: The Vampire Chronicles (1994)|date = November 11, 1994|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0110148/?ref_=nv_sr_2|access-date=August 3, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171129112855/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0110148/?ref_=nv_sr_2|archive-date=November 29, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
A second film adaptation, ''[[Queen of the Damned (film)|Queen of the Damned]],'' was released in February 2002, starring [[Stuart Townsend]] as the vampire Lestat and singer [[Aaliyah]] as [[List of The Vampire Chronicles characters#Akasha|Akasha]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Queen of the Damned (2002)|date=February 22, 2002|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0238546/?ref_=nv_sr_8|access-date=August 3, 2017|archive-date=December 30, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230144719/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0238546/?ref_=nv_sr_8|url-status=live}}</ref> The movie combined plot points from both the novel ''The Queen of the Damned'', as well as from ''The Vampire Lestat''. Produced on a budget of $35 million, the film recouped only $30 million at the U.S. box office. On her Facebook page, Rice distanced herself from the film, and stated that she feels the filmmakers "mutilated" her work in adapting the novel.<ref>Rice, Anne: [https://www.facebook.com/home.php#/pages/Anne-Rice/66435815451?ref=nf Wall – Just Fans] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720191115/https://www.facebook.com/home.php#/pages/Anne-Rice/66435815451?ref=nf#/pages/Anne-Rice/66435815451?ref=nf |date=July 20, 2014 }}, Facebook.com</ref>
The 1994 film ''[[Exit to Eden (film)|Exit to Eden]],'' based loosely on the book Rice published as Anne Rampling, stars [[Rosie O'Donnell]] and [[Dan Aykroyd]]. The work was transformed from a [[BDSM]]-themed love story into a police comedy, and was widely considered a box-office failure, receiving near-universal negative reviews.<ref name="Exit Rotten">{{cite web|title=Exit to Eden (1994)|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/exit_to_eden/|work=Rotten Tomatoes|publisher=Flixster, Inc.|access-date=June 23, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415182916/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/exit_to_eden/|archive-date=April 15, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
A film adaptation of ''[[Christ the Lord (film)|Christ the Lord]]'' was reported to be in the early stages of development in February 2012. It was reported that [[Chris Columbus (filmmaker)|Chris Columbus]] had signed on to produce, and that [[Cyrus Nowrasteh]] had already completed the script.<ref>{{cite web |last=Herr |first=Claudia |url=http://www.wordandfilm.com/2012/01/christ-the-lord-coming-to-theaters-with-anne-rice-blessing/ |title=Christ the Lord Coming to Theaters, with Anne Rice's Blessing |date=January 19, 2012 |work=Wordandfilm.com |publisher=Word & Film |access-date=February 24, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224015355/http://www.wordandfilm.com/2012/01/christ-the-lord-coming-to-theaters-with-anne-rice-blessing/ |archive-date=February 24, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> On November 8, 2014, during an interview with her long-time editor, Victoria Wilson, at the Chicago Humanities Festival, Rice revealed that filming had finished on the movie and was going into post-production.<ref>{{cite video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PZMmnoRQB8g|work=YouTube|title=Anne Rice: Vampire Chronicler|access-date=December 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150515005546/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PZMmnoRQB8g|archive-date=May 15, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The film, titled ''[[The Young Messiah (film)|The Young Messiah]]'', was released in 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2016/film/reviews/the-young-messiah-review-1201728229/|title=Film Review: 'The Young Messiah'|work=[[Variety (website)|Variety]]|date=March 11, 2016|access-date=December 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212202754/https://variety.com/2016/film/reviews/the-young-messiah-review-1201728229/|archive-date=December 12, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
In August 2014, [[Universal Pictures]] had acquired the rights to Rice's ''Vampire Chronicles''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/anne-rices-vampire-chronicles-takes-flight-at-universal-1201278069/|title=Anne Rice's 'Vampire Chronicles' Takes Flight at Universal|work=[[Variety (website)|Variety]]|date=August 7, 2014|access-date=December 9, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115164443/http://variety.com/2014/film/news/anne-rices-vampire-chronicles-takes-flight-at-universal-1201278069/|archive-date=November 15, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> However, in November 2016, when [[Universal Pictures]] did not renew the contract, the film and television rights reverted to Rice, who began developing ''[[The Vampire Chronicles]]'' into a television series with her son, [[Christopher Rice|Christopher]].<ref name="Rice">{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/annericefanpage/posts/10154794260300452 |title=Anne Rice statement on her Official Facebook Fan Page |last=Rice |first=Anne |website=Facebook |date=November 27, 2016 |access-date=February 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202225201/https://www.facebook.com/annericefanpage/posts/10154794260300452 |archive-date=February 2, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2016/11/anne-rice-vampire-chronicles-tv-show|title=Anne Rice Is Bringing Her Vampire Chronicles to Television|publisher=Vanity Fair|date=November 27, 2016|access-date=February 13, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201113054/http://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2016/11/anne-rice-vampire-chronicles-tv-show|archive-date=December 1, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Televisi ===
In 1997, Rice wrote the story for a television pilot entitled ''Rag and Bone'', featuring elements of both horror and [[crime fiction]]. Screenwriter [[James D. Parriott]] penned the screenplay, and the pilot ultimately aired on [[CBS]], starring [[Dean Cain]] and [[Robert Patrick]].<ref name=Radiotimes>{{cite web|last=Parkinson|first=David|title=Rag and Bone|url=http://www.radiotimes.com/film/jjx29/rag-and-bone|work=Radio Times |access-date=June 22, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522100834/http://www.radiotimes.com/film/jjx29/rag-and-bone|archive-date=May 22, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
''[[The Feast of All Saints (novel)|The Feast of All Saints]]'' was made into a [[Showtime (TV network)|Showtime]] original miniseries in 2001, directed by [[Peter Medak]] and starring [[James Earl Jones]] and [[Gloria Reuben]].<ref name="MSN.com">{{cite web|title=The Feast of All Saints: Overview|url=http://movies.msn.com/movies/movie/the-feast-of-all-saints/|work=MSN.com|publisher=Microsoft|access-date=June 22, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208045258/http://movies.msn.com/movies/movie/the-feast-of-all-saints/|archive-date=February 8, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://variety.com/2001/tv/reviews/anne-rice-s-the-feast-of-all-saints-1200552927/|title=Review: 'Anne Rice's The Feast of All Saints'|last=Fries|first=Laura|date=November 8, 2001|work=Variety|access-date=August 3, 2017|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803174035/http://variety.com/2001/tv/reviews/anne-rice-s-the-feast-of-all-saints-1200552927/|archive-date=August 3, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> As of 2002, [[NBC]] had plans to adapt Rice's ''Lives of the Mayfair Witches'' trilogy into a miniseries, but the project never entered production.<ref name=Mania>{{cite web|last=Smith |first=Christopher Allan |title=NBC planning huge Anne Rice MAYFAIR series |url=http://www.mania.com/nbc-planning-huge-anne-rice-mayfair-series_article_34486.html |publisher=Mania |access-date=June 23, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130230626/http://www.mania.com/nbc-planning-huge-anne-rice-mayfair-series_article_34486.html |archive-date=November 30, 2012 }}</ref>
''Earth Angels'' was a presentation pilot written by Rice, produced by [[Imagine Television]] and [[20th Century Fox Television]], and picked up by NBC. Set in New York City, it followed angels in human form battling against evil.<ref>{{cite web|last=Snierson |first=Dan |title=On the Air|url=https://ew.com/article/2001/01/12/air-21/ |work= Entertainment Weekly|access-date=December 12, 2021 |url-status=live |date=January 12, 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Adalian |first=Josef |title=Dances with Wolf|url=https://variety.com/2001/tv/news/dances-with-wolf-1117793125/ |work= Variety|access-date=December 12, 2021 |url-status=live |date=February 1, 2001}}</ref> Four parts of Anne Rice's story treatment for the series were published in 1999 as a bonus in the comic book series called ''Anne Rice's Tale of the Body Thief''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anne Rice's The Tale of the Body Thief #1 |url=https://www.comics.org/issue/233354/ |website=www.comics.org |publisher=[[Grand Comics Database]] |access-date=December 13, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Anne Rice's The Tale of the Body Thief #2 |url=https://www.comics.org/issue/62975/ |website=www.comics.org |publisher=[[Grand Comics Database]] |access-date=December 13, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Anne Rice's The Tale of the Body Thief #3 |url=https://www.comics.org/issue/233356/ |website=www.comics.org |publisher=[[Grand Comics Database]] |access-date=December 13, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Anne Rice's The Tale of the Body Thief #4 |url=https://www.comics.org/issue/233357/|website=www.comics.org |publisher=[[Grand Comics Database]] |access-date=December 13, 2021}}</ref>
In November 2016, Rice announced on Facebook that the rights to her novels were reverted to her despite earlier plans for other adaptations. Rice said that she and her son, author [[Christopher Rice]], would be developing and executive producing a potential television series based on the novels.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2016/11/26/anne-rice-plotting-vampire-chronicles-tv-series-adaptation|title=Anne Rice Plotting ''The Vampire Chronicles'' TV Series Adaptation|website=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|access-date=December 4, 2016|archive-date=November 29, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129111912/http://www.ew.com/article/2016/11/26/anne-rice-plotting-vampire-chronicles-tv-series-adaptation|url-status=live}}</ref> In April 2017, they teamed up with [[Paramount Television]] and [[Anonymous Content]] to develop a series.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2017/tv/news/vampire-chronicles-series-paramount-tv-anonymous-content-1202402750/|website=Variety|first=Joe|last=Otterson|title=''Vampire Chronicles'' Series in Development at Paramount TV, Anonymous Content|date=April 28, 2017|access-date=April 28, 2017|archive-date=April 28, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170428195344/http://variety.com/2017/tv/news/vampire-chronicles-series-paramount-tv-anonymous-content-1202402750/|url-status=live}}</ref> As of early 2018, [[Bryan Fuller]] was involved with the creation of a potential TV series based on the novels.<ref name="Brockington">{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2018/tv/news/bryan-fuller-the-vampire-chronicles-1202662596/|title=Bryan Fuller Joins ''The Vampire Chronicles'' TV Series|first=Ariana|last=Brockington|date=January 12, 2018|access-date=May 9, 2018|website=Variety|archive-date=May 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526070251/https://variety.com/2018/tv/news/bryan-fuller-the-vampire-chronicles-1202662596/|url-status=live}}</ref> On July 17, 2018, it was announced that the series was in development at streaming service [[Hulu]] and that Fuller had departed the production.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Petski |first1=Denise |title=Anne Rice's ''The Vampire Chronicles'' In The Works At Hulu |url=https://deadline.com/2018/07/anne-rice-the-vampire-chronicles-hulu-paramount-tv-anonymous-content-1202427800/ |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |access-date=July 17, 2018 |date=July 17, 2018 |archive-date=July 17, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717171955/https://deadline.com/2018/07/anne-rice-the-vampire-chronicles-hulu-paramount-tv-anonymous-content-1202427800/ |url-status=live }}</ref> As of December 2019, Hulu's rights had expired and Rice was shopping a package including all film and TV rights to the series.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2019/tv/news/anne-rice-vampire-chronicles-hulu-dead-1203449088/|title=Anne Rice's ''The Vampire Chronicles'' No Longer at Hulu; Is Being Shopped Elsewhere|first1=Michael|last1=Schneider|website=Variety|date=December 20, 2019|access-date=May 14, 2020|archive-date=March 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308110638/https://variety.com/2019/tv/news/anne-rice-vampire-chronicles-hulu-dead-1203449088/|url-status=live}}</ref> In May 2020, it was announced that [[AMC (TV channel)|AMC]] had acquired the rights to ''The Vampire Chronicles'' and ''[[Lives of the Mayfair Witches]]'' for developing film and television projects.<ref name="AMC 2020-05">{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2020/tv/news/vampire-chronicles-series-lives-of-the-mayfair-witches-amc-anne-rice-1234605490/|title=Anne Rice's ''Vampire Chronicles'', ''Lives of the Mayfair Witches'' Rights Land at AMC|first=Joe|last=Otterson|website=Variety|date=May 13, 2020|access-date=May 14, 2020|archive-date=June 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625022750/https://variety.com/2020/tv/news/vampire-chronicles-series-lives-of-the-mayfair-witches-amc-anne-rice-1234605490/|url-status=live}}</ref> Anne and [[Christopher Rice]] were to serve as executive producers on any projects developed.<ref name="AMC 2020-05"/>
=== Teater ===
On April 25, 2006, the musical ''[[Lestat (musical)|Lestat]]'', based on Rice's ''Vampire Chronicles'' books, opened at the [[Palace Theatre (New York City)|Palace Theatre]] on [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] after having its world premiere and preview run at the [[Curran Theatre]] in San Francisco, California, in December 2005. With music by [[Elton John]] and lyrics by [[Bernie Taupin]], it was the inaugural production of the newly established Warner Brothers Theatre Ventures. Despite Rice's own overwhelming approval and praise,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.annerice.com/Lestat-TheMusical.html|title=''Lestat on Broadway on annerice.com''|access-date=January 22, 2010|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/69VL825ak?url=http://www.annerice.com/Lestat-TheMusical.html|archive-date=July 28, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> the show received disappointing attendance and largely negative reviews from critics.<ref name=LestatBBC>{{cite news|last=Brook|first=Tom|title=Disappointing start for Elton musical|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4946032.stm|work=BBC News|publisher=BBC|access-date=July 1, 2012|date=April 26, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509051953/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4946032.stm|archive-date=May 9, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=LestatBBC2>{{cite news|title=Critics lay into Elton's musical|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4941488.stm|work=BBC News|publisher=BBC|access-date=July 1, 2012|date=April 26, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426233845/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4941488.stm|archive-date=April 26, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Lestat'' closed a month later on May 28, 2006, after just 33 previews and 39 regular performances. The release of the cast recording of the show is reportedly on hold indefinitely.<ref>{{cite web|title=No Plans for Release of Lestat Original Cast Recording|url=http://broadwayworld.com/article/No_Plans_for_Release_of_Lestat_Original_Cast_Recording_20060802|publisher=Wisdom Digital Media|access-date=June 23, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001181417/http://broadwayworld.com/article/No_Plans_for_Release_of_Lestat_Original_Cast_Recording_20060802|archive-date=October 1, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Komik dan manga ===
Beberapa novel Anne telah dialihwahanakan ke komik dan [[manga]]. Berikut ialah daftar alih wahana berikut penerbit dan tahun penerbitan.
* ''[[The Vampire Lestat#Anne Rice's The Vampire Lestat|Anne Rice's The Vampire Lestat]]'' #1–12 by [[Innovation Comics]] (1990–1991),<ref>{{cite book |last1=Overstreet |first1=Robert M. |title=[[Overstreet Comic Book Price Guide]] |date=1993 |publisher=Avon Books |location=New York |isbn=9780380772209 |page=[https://archive.org/details/overstreetcomicb00over/page/431 431] |edition=23rd}}</ref> compiled into one volume by Ballantine Books (1991)<ref>{{cite web |title=Books, Listed by Author |url=http://www.locusmag.com/index/b395.htm |work=[[Locus (magazine)|Locus]] |access-date=December 13, 2021}}</ref>
* ''Anne Rice's The Mummy or Ramses the Damned'' #1–12 by [[Millennium Publications]] (1990–1992)<ref name="Overstreet2015"/>
* ''Anne Rice's The Queen of the Damned'' #1–11 (#12 was never published) by Innovation Comics (1991)<ref name="Melton">{{cite book |last1=Melton |first1=J. Gordon |title=The Vampire Book: The Encyclopedia of the Undead |url=https://archive.org/details/vampirebookencyc00melt |date=2011 |publisher=Visible Ink Press |location=Detroit |isbn=9781578593484 |page=[https://archive.org/details/vampirebookencyc00melt/page/575 575] |edition=3rd}}</ref>
* ''Anne Rice's The Master of Rampling Gate'' ([[One-shot (comics)|one-shot]]) by Innovation Comics (1991)<ref name="Overstreet2015">{{cite book |last1=Overstreet |first1=Robert M. |title=[[Overstreet Comic Book Price Guide]] |date=2015 |location=Timonium, MD |isbn=9781603601757 |page=[https://archive.org/details/overstreetcomicb0000over_w9w6/page/429 429] |edition=45th (2015-2016)}}</ref>
* ''Anne Rice's The Vampire Companion'' #1–3 by Innovation Comics (1991)<ref name="Melton"/>
* ''Anne Rice's Interview with the Vampire'' #1–12 by Innovation Comics (1991–1994)<ref name="Overstreet2015"/>
* ''Anne Rice's The Witching Hour'' #1–13 by Millennium Publications (1992–1993),<ref name="Overstreet2015"/> #1–3 compiled into ''Anne Rice's The Witching Hour: The Beginning'' by Millennium Publications (1994)<ref>{{cite book |title=Anne Rice's The Witching Hour: The Beginning|date=1994 |publisher=Millennium Publications|oclc=39333135}}</ref>
* ''{{jp|Yoake No Vampire|夜明けのヴァンパイア}}'' by [[Animage]] (1995)<ref>{{cite book |title=Mangaka, anime sakka jinmei jiten|trans-title= Writers of comics in Japan|date=1997 |publisher=Nichigai Asoshiet̄su |location=Tokyo |isbn=9784816914232 |page=202|language=Japanese|oclc=37468558}}</ref>
* ''Anne Rice's The Tale of the Body Thief'' #1–4 (numbers 5–12 were never published) by Sicilian Dragon (1999), completed in one volume by Sicilian Dragon (2000)<ref>{{cite web |title=Anne Rice's The Tale of the Body Thief |url=https://www.comics.org/series/6254/ |website=www.comics.org |publisher=[[Grand Comics Database]] |access-date=December 13, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Rice |first1=Anne |last2=Perozich |first2=Faye |title=Anne Rice's Tale of the Body Thief: A Graphic Novel |date=2000 |publisher=Titan Books |location=London |isbn=9781840232462|oclc=44736360}}</ref>
* ''Anne Rice's Servant of the Bones'' #1–6 by [[IDW Publishing]] (2011), compiled into one volume by IDW (2012)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idwpublishing.com/news/article/1676/|title=New Adaptation of Servant of the Bones Coming in August|publisher=[[IDW Publishing]]|date=April 1, 2011|access-date=December 12, 2021|archive-date=May 2, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110502114547/https://www.idwpublishing.com/news/article/1676/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.idwpublishing.com/news/article/2308/|title=IDW's New Print & Digital Books This Week!|publisher=[[IDW Publishing]]|date=May 9, 2012|access-date=December 12, 2021|archive-date=May 13, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513053120/http://www.idwpublishing.com/news/article/2308/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''Interview with the Vampire: Claudia's Story'' by [[Yen Press]] (2012)<ref name="ClaudiasStoryRelease">{{Cite web|url=https://yenpress.com/titles/anne-rice/interview-with-the-vampire-claudias-story/9780316176361/|title=Interview with the Vampire: Claudia's Story|publisher=[[Yen Press]]|access-date=December 12, 2021|archive-date=December 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212200549/https://yenpress.com/titles/anne-rice/interview-with-the-vampire-claudias-story/9780316176361/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''The Wolf Gift: The Graphic Novel'' by Yen Press (2014)<ref name="WolfGiftRelease">{{Cite web|url=https://yenpress.com/titles/anne-rice/the-wolf-gift-the-graphic-novel/9780316233866/|title=The Wolf Gift: The Graphic Novel|publisher=[[Yen Press]]|access-date=December 12, 2021|archive-date=December 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212200642/https://yenpress.com/titles/anne-rice/the-wolf-gift-the-graphic-novel/9780316233866/|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Fiksi penggemar ===
{{lihat pula|Masalah hukum fiksi penggemar}}
Rice initially expressed an adamant stance against [[fan fiction]] based on her works, and particularly in opposition to such fiction based on ''The Vampire Chronicles'', releasing a statement on April 7, 2000, that disallowed all such efforts, citing [[copyright]] issues.<ref name=fanfic>{{cite web|last=Rice |first=Anne |title=Important Message from Anne on "Fan Fiction" |url=http://www.annerice.com/ |publisher=Kith and Kin, LLC. |access-date=June 15, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120602212951/http://annerice.com/ |archive-date=June 2, 2012 }}</ref> She subsequently requested that [[FanFiction.Net]] remove stories featuring her characters.<ref name="Pauli">{{cite news|first=Michelle|last=Pauli|title=Working the web: Fan fiction|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=December 5, 2002|access-date=July 22, 2011|url=http://books.guardian.co.uk/departments/generalfiction/story/0,,853553,00.html|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080217091813/http://books.guardian.co.uk/departments/generalfiction/story/0,,853553,00.html|archive-date=February 17, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2012, ''[[Metro (British newspaper)|Metro]]'' reported that Rice developed a milder stance on the issue. "I got upset about 20 years ago because I thought it would block me," she said. "However, it's been very easy to avoid reading any, so live and let live. If I were a young writer, I'd want to own my own ideas. But maybe fan fiction is a transitional phase: whatever gets you there, gets you there."<ref name="Metro">{{cite news|title=How fan fiction is conquering the internet and shooting up book charts|newspaper=[[Metro (British newspaper)|Metro]]|date=November 11, 2012|access-date=April 14, 2013|url=http://www.metro.co.uk/lifestyle/917580-how-fan-fiction-is-conquering-the-internet-and-shooting-up-book-charts|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121116110844/http://www.metro.co.uk/lifestyle/917580-how-fan-fiction-is-conquering-the-internet-and-shooting-up-book-charts|archive-date=November 16, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Daftar pustaka ==
{{See also|Daftar pustaka Anne Rice}}
{{div col}}
===''The Vampire Chronicles''===
* ''[[Interview with the Vampire]]'' (1976)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|editor-last=Clute|editor-first=John|editor-link=John Clute|editor2-last=Langford|editor2-first=David|editor2-link=David Langford|editor3-last=Sleight|editor3-first=Graham|editor3-link=Graham Sleight|title=Rice, Anne|url=https://sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/rice_anne|access-date=December 12, 2021|website=[[The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction]]|edition=4th}}</ref>
* "Interlude with the Undead" (''[[Playboy]]'', January 1979)<ref name=1979Playboy>{{cite web|title=Playboy Magazine January 1979 vol. 26|number=1|url=http://www.vintageplayboymags.co.uk/70s/Jan/09.htm|work=25th Anniversary Issue|publisher=Vintage Playboy Mags|access-date=April 26, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426232231/http://www.vintageplayboymags.co.uk/70s/Jan/09.htm|archive-date=April 26, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''[[The Vampire Lestat]]'' (1985)<ref name=":0" />
* ''[[The Queen of the Damned]]'' (1988)<ref name=":0" />
* ''[[The Tale of the Body Thief]]'' (1992)<ref name=":0" />
* ''[[Memnoch the Devil]]'' (1995)<ref name=":0" />
* ''[[The Vampire Armand]]'' (1998)<ref name=":0" />
* ''[[Merrick (novel)|Merrick]]'' (2000)<ref name=":0" />
* ''[[Blood and Gold]]'' (2001)<ref name=":0" />
* ''[[Blackwood Farm]]'' (2002)<ref name=":0" />
* ''[[Blood Canticle]]'' (2003)<ref name=":0" />
* ''[[Prince Lestat]]'' (2014)<ref name=PrinceLestateReleaseDate>{{cite web|last=Flood|first=Alison|title=Anne Rice revives much-loved vampire for new novel Prince Lestat|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/11/anne-rice-vampire-prince-lestat-interview-with-the-vampire|work=The Guardian|access-date=April 26, 2014|date=March 11, 2014|quote=Prince Lestat, which will be published in October, and which Rice finished last year, will be a sequel to the first five Vampire Chronicles stories, she announced, and novel one of a new series.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416181808/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/11/anne-rice-vampire-prince-lestat-interview-with-the-vampire|archive-date=April 16, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''[[Prince Lestat and the Realms of Atlantis]]'' (2016)<ref name=":0" />
* ''[[Blood Communion: A Tale of Prince Lestat]]'' (2018)<ref name=":0" />
===New Tales of the Vampires===
* ''[[Pandora (novel)|Pandora]]'' (1998)<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Anne Rice|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Anne-Rice|url-status=live|access-date=December 12, 2021|website=[[Encyclopaedia Britannica]]|language=en}}</ref>
* ''[[Vittorio the Vampire]]'' (1999)<ref name=":2" />
===Lives of the Mayfair Witches===
* ''[[The Witching Hour (novel)|The Witching Hour]]'' (1990)<ref name=":0" />
* ''[[Lasher]]'' (1993)<ref name=":0" />
* ''[[Taltos (Rice novel)|Taltos]]'' (1994)<ref name=":0" />
===Ramses the Damned===
* ''[[The Mummy, or Ramses the Damned]]'' (1989)<ref name=":0" />
* ''[[Ramses the Damned: The Passion of Cleopatra]]'' (2017)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Anne Rice, iconic author of gothic novels, dies at 80|url=https://www.today.com/news/ann-rice-iconic-author-gothic-novels-dies-80-t242933|url-status=live|access-date=December 12, 2021|website=[[Today (American TV program)|Today]]|language=en}}</ref>
* ''[[Ramses the Damned: The Reign of Osiris]]'' (2022)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/531333/ramses-the-damned-the-reign-of-osiris-by-anne-rice-and-christopher-rice/|title=Ramses the Damned: The Reign of Osiris by Anne Rice, Christopher Rice: 9781101970331 | PenguinRandomHouse.com: Books|website=PenguinRandomhouse.com|access-date=August 9, 2021|archive-date=August 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809132501/https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/531333/ramses-the-damned-the-reign-of-osiris-by-anne-rice-and-christopher-rice/|url-status=live}}</ref>
===''Christ the Lord''===
* ''[[Christ the Lord: Out of Egypt]]'' (2005)<ref name=":2" />
* ''[[Christ the Lord: The Road to Cana]]'' (2008)<ref name=":2" />
===Songs of the Seraphim===
* ''[[Angel Time]]'' (2009)<ref name=":2" />
* ''[[Of Love and Evil]]'' (2010)<ref name=":2" />
===The Wolf Gift Chronicles===
* ''[[The Wolf Gift]]'' (2012)<ref name=":2" />
* ''[[The Wolves of Midwinter]]'' (2013)<ref name=":2" />
=== Novel berdiri sendiri ===
* ''[[The Feast of All Saints (novel)|The Feast of All Saints]]'' (1979)<ref name=":2" />
* ''[[Cry to Heaven]]'' (1982)<ref name=":2" />
* ''[[Servant of the Bones]]'' (1996)<ref name=":2" />
* ''[[Violin (novel)|Violin]]'' (1997)<ref name=":2" />
===Sleeping Beauty (nama samaran A. N. Roquelaure)===
* ''[[The Claiming of Sleeping Beauty]]'' (1983)<ref name=":0" />
* ''[[Beauty's Punishment]]'' (1984)<ref name=":0" />
* ''[[Beauty's Release]]'' (1985)<ref name=":0" />
* ''[[Beauty's Kingdom]]'' (2015)<ref name=":0" />
=== Menggunakan nama samaran Anne Rampling ===
* ''[[Exit to Eden]]'' (1985)<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=1997|editor-last=Clute|editor-first=John|editor-link=John Clute|editor2-last=Grant|editor2-first=John|editor2-link=John Grant (author)|title=Rice, Anne|url=https://sf-encyclopedia.com/fe/rice_anne|url-status=live|access-date=December 12, 2021|website=[[The Encyclopedia of Fantasy]]|language=en}}{{Pranala mati|date=Oktober 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* ''[[Belinda (Anne Rice novel)|Belinda]]'' (1986)<ref name=":1" />
=== Nonfiksi ===
* ''Called Out of Darkness: A Spiritual Confession'' (2008)<ref name=":2" />
{{div col end}}
== Referensi ==
{{reflist|2}}
== Daftar pustaka ==
* {{cite book|last=Bowman|first=John S.|title=The Cambridge Dictionary of American Biography|date=1995|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=New York|isbn=0-521-40258-1|url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgediction00bowm/page/607|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Cardin|first=Matt|date=2015|title=Mummies Around the World: An Encyclopedia of Mummies in History, Religion and Popular Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AWJhBQAAQBAJ&q=lot+249&pg=PA291|location=Santa Barbara, California|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|isbn=978-1-61069-419-3|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Day|first=William Patrick|title=Vampire Legends in Contemporary American Culture: What Becomes a Legend Most|url=https://archive.org/details/vampirelegendsin0000dayw_u3p1|date=2002|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|location=Lexington|isbn=0813122422|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |last=Ramsland |first=Katherine |date=1991 |title=Prism of the Night: A Biography of Anne Rice |publisher=Dutton Penguin |location=New York |isbn=0525933700 |ref=ID |url=https://archive.org/details/prismofnightbi00rams|ref=harv}}
== Pranala luar ==
{{Commons category}}
{{wikiquote}}
* {{official website}}
* {{IMDb name|0723351}}
* {{OL author}}
* {{IBList|type=author|id=29|name=Anne Rice}}
* {{LCAuth|n79068491|Anne Rice|59}} (as Anne Rice; see also linked pseudonyms)
* [https://lccn.loc.gov/n86121823 Anne Rampling] at LC Authorities, with 1 record, and [https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n86-121823 at WorldCat]
* [https://lccn.loc.gov/n82114065 A. N. Roquelaure] at LC Authorities, with 1 record, and [https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n82-114065 at WorldCat]
{{The Vampire Chronicles}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Kategori:Penulis Amerika Serikat]]
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