Bernard Madoff: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Bernard Lawrence "Bernie" Madoff''' ({{IPA-en|ˈmeɪdɑf}}; {{lahirmati|[[Queens, New York|Queens]]|29|4|1938|[[Butner, North Carolina|Butner]]|14|4|2021}}) adalah pengusaha dan mantan kepala dari bursa saham [[NASDAQ]]. Ia mulai membangun firma [[Wall Street]], Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities LLC pada tahun [[1960]] dan merupakan direkturnya sampai tanggal [[11 Desember]] [[2008]], ketika ia ditahan dan didakwa atas [[penipuan sekuritas]]. Pada tanggal [[12 Maret]] [[2009]], Madoff mengaku bersalah atas 11 tuduhan kejahatan menipu ribuan investor melalui [[skema Ponzi]] secara besar-besaran. Penyidik federal memperkirakan kerugian para nasabah termasuk keuntungan palsu bernilai hampir [[dolar Amerika Serikat|US$]]65 milyarmiliar.<ref name="Tonline">{{cite news |title=Wall Street legend Bernard Madoff arrested over '$50 billion Ponzi scheme' |work =[[The Times]] | publisher =[[Times Newspapers Ltd.]] |date =2008-12-12 |url =http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article5331997.ece | accessdate =2008-12-13}}</ref><ref name="wsj031209">{{cite news | last =Bray | first =Chad | title =Madoff Pleads Guilty to Massive Fraud | work =[[The Wall Street Journal]] | publisher =Dow Jones, Inc | date =2009-03-12| url =http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123685693449906551.html?mod=djemalertNEWS | accessdate =2009-03-12 }}</ref> Walaupun pada awalnya ditahan di [[apartemen]]nya di [[Manhattan]], namun Madoff akhirnya dipenjarakan setelah [[banding]]nya diterima di mahkamah terbuka. Ia mungkin terpaksa menghabiskan sisa hidupnya dalam penjara, serta dituntut membayar [[ganti rugi]] sebanyak US$170 milyarmiliar.<ref name="Fox031009">{{cite news | title =Bernard Madoff Will Plead Guilty to 11 Charges in Financial Fraud Case, Faces 150 Years in Prison

| publisher =Fox News | date =10 Maret 2009 | url =http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,508304,00.html

| accessdate =March 10, 2009 }}</ref><ref name="31009Bloom">{{cite news

| last = Glovin | first =David | coauthors =Erik Larson and David Voreacos | title =Madoff to Plead Guilty in Largest U.S. Ponzi Scheme | publisher =[[Bloomberg.com]] | date =March 10, 2009 | url =http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=awXqT47DqXZo&refer=home | accessdate =March 10, 2009 }}</ref>

Madoff mendirikan firma Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities LLC di [[Wall Street]] pada tahun 1960, serta menyandang jabatan ketua hingga ditahan pada tanggal 11 Desember 2008.<ref name="WSJtimeline">{{cite news| title =The Madoff Case: A Timeline | work =The Wall Street Journal | date =2009-03-06 | url =http://online.wsj.com/article/SB112966954231272304.html?mod=googlenews_wsj | accessdate =2009-03-06 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=aZFfHEPISe9s&refer=home |title=Madoff Prosecutors Get 30 More Days for Indictment |author=David Glovin |publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] |date=2009-02-11 |accessdate=2009-02-11}}</ref><ref name="NewsdayMarch7">{{cite news | last =DeStefano | first =Anthony M. | title =Madoff expected to plead guilty in Ponzi scheme | work =[[Newsday]] | date =2009-03-07 | url =http://www.newsday.com/services/newspaper/printedition/saturday/news/ny-bzmado076060500mar07,0,4620667.story | accessdate =2009-03-07 }}</ref> Selama ini, reputasinya amat bagus, sekaligus membolehkan para investor termasuk badan amal Yahudi menyimpan milyaranmiliaran dolar uang kepadanya.<ref>|page=D01 |publisher=Washington Post|date=[[2008-12-13]] |accessdate=2009-01-18}}</ref><ref name="cnn">{{cite news | url=http://edition.cnn.com/2008/US/12/11/madoff.arrest/?iref=mpstoryview |title=Former Nasdaq chairman charged with fraud|date=2008-12-11|publisher=CNN|accessdate=2008-12-16}}</ref><ref name="SorkinSays">{{cite news|publisher=New York Times | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/10/business/10madoff.html | author=Diana Henriques | title=New Description of Timing on Madoff’s Confession|date=[[2009-01-13]]|accessdate=2009-01-19}}</ref> Firma Madoff merupakan salah satu bisnis penggerak pasar terbesar di [[Wall Street]] (keenam terbesar pada tahun 2008),<ref name="usa today">{{cite news | last =Lieberman |first =David |coauthors =Pallavi Gogoi, Theresa Howard, Kevin McCoy, Matt Krantz | title =Investors remain amazed over Madoff's sudden downfall | work =[[USA Today]] | date =December 15, 2008 | url =http://www.usatoday.com/money/markets/2008-12-14-ponzi-madoff-downfall_N.htm |accessdate =24 Desember 2008}}</ref> yang selalu berfungsi sebagai penyedia "pasaran ketiga" yang melangkahi perusahaan "spesialis" dengan melaksanakan perintah transaksi luar bursa secara langsung dari [[makelar eceran]].<ref name="mm">{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=gHrzgo0ghfMC&pg=PA190&lpg=PA190&dq=madoff+securities+maureen+o%27hara&source=web&ots=pYJvd_jmOd&sig=l9ZhWlP_w_ImYe8j6onWPTclqCI&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=7&ct=result|last=O'Hara|first=Maureen|title=Market Microstructure Theory|publisher=Blackwell|location=[[Oxford]]|year=1995|id=ISBN 1-55786-443-8|page=190|accessdate=December 16, 2008}}</ref> Perusahaan tersebut juga mempunyai bagian pengurusan investasi dan nasihat yang menjadi tumpuan taktik penipuan.<ref name="SEC1" />

Menurut pengaduan federal yang asli, Madoff mengakui firmanya menghadapi "kekurangan sebanyak kira-kira US$50 milyarmiliar."<ref name="SECcomplaint" /><ref name="SEC1">{{cite web |title =SEC Charges Bernard L. Madoff for Multi-Billion Dollar Ponzi Scheme (2008-293) |work =[[SEC.gov]] |publisher =[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] | date =2008-12-11 |url =http://www.sec.gov/news/press/2008/2008-293.htm |accessdate =2008-12-11}}</ref><ref name="SECcomplaint" /><ref name="TI">{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/rich-investors-wiped-out-by-wall-street-fraud-1066090.html|title=Rich investors 'wiped out' by Wall Street fraud|date=2008-12-14|work=[[The Independent]]|accessdate=2008-12-17|archive-date=2008-12-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217042806/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/rich-investors-wiped-out-by-wall-street-fraud-1066090.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Pihak penuntut menaikkan perkiraan jumlah uang penipuan dari US$50 milyarmiliar ke US$64,8 milyarmiliar, berdasarkan jumlah dalam laporan yang dipegang oleh 4.800 nasabah Madoff pada tanggal [[30 November]] 2008.<ref name="updatedFraudEstimate">[http://www.reuters.com/article/topNews/idUSTRE52A5JK20090311?pageNumber=2&virtualBrandChannel=0&sp=true] Reuters: US Prosecutors updated the size of Madoff's scheme from $50 billion to $64 billion.</ref> Madoff mengakui bahwa, pada tanggal [[10 Desember]] 2008, ia mengaku kepada anak-anaknya jika bagian pengurusan aset firmanya merupakan suatu skema Ponzi yang besar, dalam kata lain "suatu penipuan yang besar."<ref>{{cite news|publisher=Bloomberg News|title=Madoff Confessed $50 Billion Fraud Before FBI Arrest|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=atUk.QnXAvZY |author=David Voreacos and David Glovin | date=2008-12-13}}</ref> Pengumuman ini pun diserahkan kepada pihak berwenang.<ref name="SECcomplaint">{{cite web| url=http://www.sec.gov/litigation/complaints/2008/comp-madoff121108.pdf|format=PDF|publisher=[[Securities and Exchange Commission]] |title=SEC: Complaint SEC against Madoff and BMIS LLC |date=2008-12-11| accessdate=2008-12-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/12/12/AR2008121203970_pf.html|author=Binyamin Appelbaum, David S. Hilzenrath and Amit R. Paley |title=It was all one big lie.}}</ref> Pada hari kemudiannya, [[agen]] [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) menahan Madoff lalu menuduhnya dengan dugaan penipuan sekuritas. Lima hari setelah ditahan, aset-aset Madoff dan firmanya pun dibekukan, sementara seorang [[kurator (hukum)|kurator]] dilantik untuk menangani kasus terkait.<ref name="larsen">{{cite news|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=a.9m_dUE2Pxc&refer=home |work=[[Bloomberg.com]] |title=U.S. Judge Freezes Madoff Assets, Appoints Receiver, SEC Says |last=Larson|publisher=[[Bloomberg News]]}}</ref> Sejumlah investor, wartawan dan ekonom telah mempersoalkan kenyataan yang dibuat oleh Madoff bahwa ia tidak mendapatkan bantuan dari siapa pun dalam tindakannya selama ini. Pihak penegak hukum terus menyelidiki sekiranya ada orang lain yang melibatkan diri dalam skema penipuan Madoff. [[Securities and Exchange Commission]] menjalankan penyelidikan terhadap praktekpraktik bisnis Madoff sejak tahun 1999, yang dikritik karena tidak ditangani secara profesional.<ref name="usa today">{{cite news | last =Lieberman |first =David |coauthors =Pallavi Gogoi, Theresa Howard, Kevin McCoy, Matt Krantz | title =Investors remain amazed over Madoff's sudden downfall | work =[[USA Today]] | date =2008-12-15| url =http://www.usatoday.com/money/markets/2008-12-14-ponzi-madoff-downfall_N.htm |accessdate =2008-12-24}}</ref><ref name="mm">{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=gHrzgo0ghfMC&pg=PA190&lpg=PA190&dq=madoff+securities+maureen+o%27hara&source=web&ots=pYJvd_jmOd&sig=l9ZhWlP_w_ImYe8j6onWPTclqCI&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=7&ct=result|last=O'Hara|first=Maureen|title=Market Microstructure Theory|publisher=Blackwell|location=[[Oxford]]|year=1995|id=ISBN 1-55786-443-8|page=190|accessdate=December 16, 2008}}</ref>

Madoff pernah menjadi seorang [[dermawan]] yang menduduki lembaga pengurusan di beberapa [[yayasan nirlaba]], yang kebanyakan pernah mempercayakan [[pembiayaan keuangan]] kepada firmanya.<ref name="Appelbaum">{{cite news |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/12/12/AR2008121203970.html?hpid=topnews |title='All Just One Big Lie' |work =[[The Washington Post]]|accessdate=2008-12-12|publisher=[[Washington Post Company]]|last=Appelbaum | first =Binyamin |coauthors =David S. Hilzenrath and Amit R. Paley |date=2008-12-13|page=D01}}</ref><ref name=nytsa>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/13/nyregion/13madoff.html?_r=1&ref=nyregion|title=Standing Accused: A Pillar of Finance and Charity|date=2008-12-13|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Ia merupakan bekas Bendahara Nasional [[Kongres Yahudi Amerika]]. Kejatuhan serta pembekuan aset-aset pribadi dan firmanya telah meninggalkan dampak dalam bisnis, yayasan amal dan yayasan seluruh dunia, termasuk [[Robert I. Lappin Charitable Foundation]], Picower Foundation, dan [[JEHT Foundation]] yang bangkrut akibat skandal ini.<ref name="Appelbaum" /><ref name=haaretz>{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1046187.html|title=Madoff Wall Street fraud threatens Jewish philanthropy|accessdate=13 Desember 2008}}</ref><ref name="Henriques">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/13/business/13investors.html?pagewanted=all|title=For Investors, Trust Lost, and Money Too |work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=13 Desember 2008|last=Henriques}}</ref>

[[kategoriKategori:PenjahatTokoh kriminal Amerika Serikat]]