Bernard Montgomery: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{redirect|General Montgomery|the American general|Richard Montgomery}}
{{short description|Senior British Army officer}}
'''Bernard Law Montgomery''' ({{lahirmati|[[London]], [[Inggris]]|17|11|1887|{{City-state|Alton|Hampshire}}, [[Inggris]]|24|3|1976}}), yang dijuluki "Monty", adalah seorang [[perwira]] [[Angkatan Darat Britania Raya]]. Ia berhasil memimpin pasukan [[Sekutu Perang Dunia II|Sekutu]] pada [[Pertempuran El Alamein]], sebuah pertempuran penting pada [[Perang Dunia II]], dimana pasukannya berhasil mengusir pasukan [[Blok Poros]] dari [[Afrika Utara]] yang dipimpin oleh Jenderal [[Erwin Rommel]]. Ia lalu menjadi komandan penting di front [[Italia]] dan [[Eropa Barat]], dimana ia mengkomandani seluruh pasukan darat Sekutu pada [[Invasi Normandia]].▼
{{Infobox military person
{{DEFAULTSORT:Montgomery, Bernard }}▼
|name= The Viscount Montgomery of Alamein
{{negara-bio-stub|Britania Raya}}▼
|image= General Sir Bernard Montgomery in England, 1943 TR1037 (cropped).jpg
|image_size=
|alt=
|caption=Montgomery pada tahun 1943
|nickname= "Monty"<br />"The Spartan General"
|birth_date= {{Birth date|1887|11|17|df=y}}
|birth_place= [[Kennington]], [[Surrey]]<!-- Do not change to London, Kennington was part of Surrey in 1887-->, [[Inggris]]
|death_date= {{Death date and age|1976|3|24|1887|11|17|df=y}}
|death_place= [[Alton, Hampshire|Alton]], [[Hampshire]], [[Inggris]]
|placeofburial= Holy Cross Churchyard, [[Binsted]], [[Hampshire]]
|allegiance= [[Britania Raya]]
|branch= [[Angkatan Bersenjata Britania Raya]]
|serviceyears= 1908–1958
|rank= [[Marsekal Lapangan]]
|servicenumber= 8742
|unit= [[Resimen Kerajaan Warwickshire]]
|commands=
* Wakil [[Panglima Tertinggi Sekutu]] Eropa (1951–58)
* Kepala Deputi [[Western Union]] (1948–51)
* [[Kepala Staf Umum (Britania Raya)]] (1946–48)
* [[Tentara Inggris Rhine]] (1945–46)<br />[[21st Army Group]] (1944–45)
* [[Invasi Normandia]] (1944)<br />[[Eighth Army (United Kingdom)|Eighth Army]] (1942–43)<br />[[Aldershot Command|South-Eastern Command]] (1941–42)<br />[[XII Corps (United Kingdom)|XII Corps]] (1941)<br />[[V Corps (United Kingdom)|V Corps]] (1940–41)<br />[[II Corps (United Kingdom)|II Corps]] (1940)<br />[[3rd Division (United Kingdom)|3rd Infantry Division]] (1939–40)<br />[[8th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)|8th Infantry Division]] (1938–39)<br />[[9th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)|9th Infantry Brigade]] (1937–38)<br />1st Battalion, [[Royal Warwickshire Regiment]] (1931–34)<br />17th (Service) Battalion, [[Royal Fusiliers]] (1919)
|battles=
* [[Perang Dunia Pertama]]
* [[Perang Kemerdekaan Irlandia]]
* [[Pemberontakan Arab di Palestina 1936–1939]]
* [[Perang Dunia Kedua]]
* [[Pertempuran Prancis]]
** [[Pertempuran Dunkirk]]
** [[Evakuasi Dunkirk]]
* [[Kampanye Afrika Utara]]
** [[Pertempuran Alam el Halfa]]
** [[Pertempuran El Alamein Kedua]]
** [[Pertempuran El Agheila]]
* [[Kampanye Tunisia]]
** [[Pertempuran Medenine]]
** [[Pertempuran Mareth Line]]
* [[Invasi Sekutu ke Sisilia]]
* [[Invasi Sekutu ke Italia]]
* [[Front Barat (Perang Dunia II)]]
** [[Operasi Overlord]]
** [[Pertempuran Caen]]
** [[Operasi Goodwood]]
** [[Operasi Cobra]]
** [[Pertempuran Falaise Pocket]]
** [[Pergerakan Sekutu dari Paris ke Rhine]]
** [[Battle of the Bulge]]
* [[Invasi Sekutu Barat ke Jerman]]
** [[Operasi Varsity]]
** [[Operasi Plunder]]
** [[Kantung Ruhr]]
|awards= [[Knight of the Order of the Garter]]<br />[[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]]<br />[[Distinguished Service Order]]<br />[[Mentioned in Despatches]] (9)
|spouse= {{Marriage|Betty Carver|1927|1937|end=died}}
|laterwork = Colonel Commandant, Royal Tank Regiment<br />Colonel Commandant, Parachute Regiment (−1956)<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=40729|page=1504|supp=y|date=9 March 1956}}</ref><br />Representative Colonel Commandant, Royal Armoured Corps (1947–57)<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=37983|page=2663|supp=y|date=10 June 1947}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=41182|page=5545|supp=y|date=20 September 1957}}</ref><br />Colonel Commandant, Army Physical Training Corps (1946–60)<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=37589|page=2665|supp=y|date=31 May 1946}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=42240|page=24|supp=y|date=30 December 1960}}</ref><br />Colonel Royal Warwickshire Regiment (1947–63)<ref>{{London Gazette| issue=37826|page=6236|supp=y|date=20 December 1946}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=43160|page=9424|supp=y|date=15 November 1963}}</ref><br />Deputy Lieutenant of Southampton (1958–)<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=41599|page=166|date=6 January 1959}}</ref>
|signature= Bernard Montgomery Signature.svg
|signature_size= 200
|module={{Listen|embed=yes|filename= Bernard Montgomery in Desert Island Disks p009y0ss.flac|title=Montgomery's voice|type=speech|description=from the BBC programme ''[[Desert Island Discs]]'', 20 December 1969<ref name="p009y0ss">{{Cite episode|title=Viscount Montgomery of Alamein|series= Desert Island Discs|serieslink=Desert Island Discs|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p009y0ss|accessdate=18 January 2014|station= BBC Radio 4|date=20 December 1969}}</ref>}}
}}
[[Marsekal lapangan]] '''Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein''', {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100|sep=,|KG|GCB|DSO|PC|DL}} ({{IPAc-en|m|ə|n|t|ˈ|ɡ|ʌ|m|ər|i|...|ˈ|æ|l|ə|m|eɪ|n}}; 17 November 1887 – 24 March 1976), nicknamed "'''Monty'''" and "'''The Spartan General'''",<ref>{{cite book|last=Various Authors|title=Illustrated Story of World War II|year=1969|publisher=The Reader's Digest Association|isbn=978-0-89577-029-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/readersdigestill00plea/page/284 284]|url=https://archive.org/details/readersdigestill00plea/page/284}}</ref>
▲
== [[Perang Dunia I]] ([[1914]] - [[1919]]) ==
Monty berperang pertama kali dalam [[Perang Dunia I]] sebagai perwira muda di ''The Royal [[Warwickshire]] Regiment''. Di [[Méteren]], dekat perbatasan [[Belgia]] di Bailleul, dia tertembak hingga tembus ke paru-paru kanannya oleh penembak jitu ([[sniper]]). Dia kembali ke Front Barat sebagai staff umum jenderal dan berperang dalam [[Pertempuran Arras]] pada April/Mei 1917. Dia juga terlibat dalam [[Pertempuran Passchendaele]] pada musim gugur 1917 sebelum naik pangkat sebagai kepala staf ''47th (2nd London) Division'' di akhir perang.
== Masa di Antara Perang Dunia (1919 - [[1939]]) ==
Pada masa di antara Perang Dunia, Monty memimpin 17th Batalion of the Royal Fusiliers, dan kemudian 1st Batalion of the Royal Warwickshire Regiment sebelum menjabat Komandan 9th Infantry Brigade dan Komandan Jenderal (General Commanding Officer) 8th Infantry Division.
== Perang Dunia II (1939 - [[1945]]) ==
Selama Perang Dunia II, dia memimpin 8th Army sejak Agustus 1942 di Gurun Pasir Barat hingga kemenangan akhir Sekutu di [[Tunisia]]. Kepemimpinannya termasuk [[Pertempuran El Alamein]], titik balik Kampanye Gurun Barat. Dia tetap memimpin 8th Army selama Invasi Sekutu ke [[Sisilia]] dan [[Italia]].
Dia memimpin kekuatan darat Sekutu selama [[Operasi Overlord]] sejak pendaratan awal hingga usai [[Pertempuran Normandia]]. Dia melanjutkan kepemimpinannya di 21th Army Group sepanjang kampanye di Eropa Barat Laut. Dia juga menjadi komandan lapangan utama saat upaya pendaratan pasukan lintas udara (''airborne'') yang gagal di jembatan [[Sungai Rhine]] di [[Arnhem]], [[Belanda]] dan penyeberangan pasukan Sekutu di sungai itu. Pada [[4 Mei]] [[1945]], dia menerima penyerahan Jerman Lüneburg Heath di Jerman Utara. Usai perang, Monty dipromosikan sebagai Panglima Angkatan Darat [[Inggris]] di Rhine (''Commander-in-Chief of the British Army of the Rhine'' (BAOR)) di [[Jerman]] dan selanjutnya, Kepala Staf Umum Kerajaan (''Chief of the Imperial General Staff'').
{{lifetime|1887|1976|}}
▲{{DEFAULTSORT:Montgomery, Bernard }}
[[Kategori:Tokoh Britania Raya]]
▲{{negara-bio-stub|Britania Raya}}
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