Horst Köhler: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 1:
|nationality =Jerman
|image =Koehlerhorst08032007.jpg
|order =[[Presiden Jerman]] ke-13<br /><small>[[Republik Federal Jerman|Presiden Republik Federal Jerman]] ke-9
|term_start =[[1 Juli]] [[2004]]
|term_end =[[31 Mei]] [[2010]]
|vicepresident =
|predecessor =[[Johannes Rau]]
|successor =[[Christian Wulff]]
|birth_date ={{birth date and age|1943|2|22}}
|birth_place =[[Skierbieszów|Heidenstein]], [[Pendudukan Polandia|Polandia]] di bawah pendudukan [[Nazi Jerman|Jerman]]
|death_date =
|death_place =
|party =
|spouse =[[Eva Köhler|Eva Bohnet]]
|profession =[[Ekonom]]
|religion =[[Protestan]]
|}}
'''Horst Köhler''' ({{Audio|De-Horst Köhler.ogg|dengarkan}}, {{lahirmati|[[Skierbieszów|Heidenstein]], [[Jerman]], sekarang wilayah [[Polandia]]|22|2|1943}}) adalah [[Presiden Jerman|Presiden]] [[Jerman]] dari [[1 Juli]] [[2004]] sampai [[31 Mei]] [[2010]].
Köhler [[Pemilihan Presiden Jerman 2004|dipilih]] ''[[Bundesversammlung (Jerman)|Bundesversammlung]]'' (''Dewan Federal'') pada [[23 Mei]] [[2004]] dan dilantik pada [[1 Juli]] [[2004]]. Ia terpilih kembali sebagai presiden pada tanggal [[23 Mei]] [[2009]].
Sebelum terpilih, Köhler mempunyai karier yang cemerlang di dunia politik dan sebagai pegawai negeri. Paling akhir ia menjabat sebagai kepala di [[Dana Moneter Internasional|IMF]] pada periode [[1 Mei]] [[2000]] hingga [[4 Maret]] [[2004]].
[[kategori:Kelahiran 1943|Köhler, Herst]]▼
[[kategori:Presiden Jerman|Köhler, Herst]]▼
== Biografi ==
Köhler lahir di [[Skierbieszów]], di [[Polandia]] yang saat itu diduduki [[Jerman]], sebagai anak ketujuh dari delapan anak dalam sebuah keluarga [[Volksdeutsche]] dari [[Glückstal]] di [[Bessarabia]] [[Rumania]] (kini bagian dari [[Moldova]]).<!--His parents, Romanian citizens, had to leave their home in Bessarabia in [[1940]] during the [[Nazi-Soviet population transfers]] that followed the [[Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact]], which awarded Bessarabia to the [[Soviet Union]]. As part of the [[Generalplan Ost]], they were resettled in [[1942]] at [[Skierbieszów]], a village near [[Zamosc]], [[Poland]] (then part of the [[General Government]]). People of Skierbieszów had been expelled to make room for German settlers. As the [[Wehrmacht]] was pushed back and first parts of Poland had to be abandoned in [[1944]], the Köhler family fled to [[Leipzig]]. In [[1953]] they left [[East Germany]] for [[Ludwigsburg]] to escape from the communist regime.
Köhler took his ''[[Abitur]]'' in 1963, and after a two-year military service in the mechanized infantry (''Panzergrenadiere'') he left the [[Bundeswehr]] as "[[Leutnant]] der Reserve" (reserve officer). He studied and finally earned a [[doctorate]] in [[economics]] and [[political science]]s from [[Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen]], where he was a scientific research assistant at the Institute for Applied Economic Research from [[1969]] to [[1976]].
Köhler was appointed Managing Director and Chairman of the Executive Board of the [[International Monetary Fund]] (IMF) in [[2000]]. The German government nominated him after their first nominee, [[Caio Koch-Weser]], was rejected by the [[United States]] due to his low political weight. Prior to joining the IMF, he had held positions in both the public and private sectors. He was under-secretary of state in the finance ministry from [[1990]] to [[1993]], and he served as [[sherpa]] for [[Chancellor of Germany|Chancellor]] [[Helmut Kohl]], preparing [[G7]] summits and other international economic conferences. Between [[1993]] and [[1998]] he served as chairman of the association of savings banks in Germany (Deutscher Sparkassen- und Giroverband). In [[1998]] he was appointed president of the [[European Bank for Reconstruction and Development]].
On [[4 March]] [[2004]], Köhler resigned his post with the IMF after being nominated by Germany's conservative and liberal opposition parties as their presidential candidate. He was selected by then oppostion [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|Christian Democratic Union]] (CDU) and endorsed by its [[Bavaria|Bavarian]] sister party, [[Christian Social Union of Bavaria|Christian Social Union]] (CSU), as well as by the small liberal party, the [[Free Democratic Party of Germany]] (FDP). As these parties controlled a majority of votes in the ''[[Bundesversammlung (Germany)|Bundesversammlung]]'' (an electoral college consisting of the membership of the [[Bundestag]] and an equal number of delegates from the legislatures of each [[States of Germany|state]]), the result of the vote was virtually a foregone conclusion, but was closer than expected. Köhler defeated [[Gesine Schwan]] on the first ballot by 604 votes to 580; 20 votes were cast for minor candidates, while one elector was absent because of a heart attack.
Köhler succeeded [[Johannes Rau]] as President on [[1 July]] [[2004]], for a five-year term. Germany's presidency is a mostly ceremonial office, but carries considerable moral authority and gives the President a platform from which to represent his country internationally. While the president's regular residence [[Bellevue Palace|Schloss Bellevue]] is under reconstruction he has taken his office at Charlottenburg Castle in [[Berlin]].
Upon his election, Köhler, a conservative German [[patriotism|patriot]], said that "Patriotism and being cosmopolitan are not opposites". "He appeared an enlightened patriot who genuinely loves his country and is not afraid to say so", the newspaper [[Die Welt]] wrote. Presenting his visions for Germany, Köhler also said that "Germany should become a land of ideas", and emphasized the importance of globalization, and that Germany would have to fight for its place in the 21st century.
He is married to [[Eva Köhler]], born Eva Luise Bohnet, a teacher of German, and they have two children, a daughter Ulrike (born [[1972]]) and a son Jochen (born [[1977]]). Horst Köhler is Protestant.-->
== Pengunduran diri ==
<!-- {{quote box
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|quote="{{lang|de|Meine Einschätzung ist aber, dass insgesamt wir auf dem Wege sind, doch auch in der Breite der Gesellschaft zu verstehen, dass ein Land unserer Größe mit dieser Außenhandelsorientierung und damit auch Außenhandelsabhängigkeit auch wissen muss, dass im Zweifel, im Notfall auch militärischer Einsatz notwendig ist, um unsere Interessen zu wahren, zum Beispiel freie Handelswege, zum Beispiel ganze regionale Instabilitäten zu verhindern, die mit Sicherheit dann auch auf unsere Chancen zurückschlagen negativ, bei uns durch Handel Arbeitsplätze und Einkommen zu sichern.}}"<br /><br />"In my estimation, we are on our way, in our society as a whole, to understand that a country as big as ours, with that orientation and therefore dependency on export, needs to know, that in case of doubt or emergency a military deployment is necessary, to preserve our interests, for example free trade routes, or preventing regional instability that will assuredly diminish our chances to safeguard jobs."
|source=Horst Köhler in an interview with [[Deutschlandradio]].<ref>{{Citation |last=Ricke |first=Christopher |title=Sie leisten wirklich Großartiges unter schwierigsten Bedingungen |date=22 May 2010 |work=Deutschlandradio |url=http://www.dradio.de/aktuell/1191138/ }}.</ref>
}}
-->
Pada tanggal [[31 Mei]] [[2010]] Köhler mengumumkan pengunduran dirinya sebagai Presiden Jerman.<ref name="AFP-Rücktritt">{{cite web|url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5ivOge9ovvGl20_sawK1aa8afqXRw|title=Bundespräsident Köhler zurückgetreten|work=[[Agence France-Presse|AFP]]|date=31 May 2010|accessdate=31 May 2010|language=German|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100604003206/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5ivOge9ovvGl20_sawK1aa8afqXRw|archivedate=2010-06-04|dead-url=no}}</ref> Hal ini terjadi setelah ia mendapat hujan kritik dari pers dan politisi atas pernyataan kesetujuannya atas penempatan militer Jerman di luar negeri dengan alasan untuk melindungi kepentingan Jerman.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/10198036.stm|title=German President Koehler quits amid row over military|date=31 May 2010|accessdate=31 May 2010|publisher=BBC}}</ref> Konstitusi Jerman melarang pelibatan militer Jerman dalam suatu peperangan. Dalam pernyataan pengunduran dirinya ia menyatakan bahwa pengunduran dirinya berlaku segera dan dilakukan untuk melindungi kewibawaan institusi kepresidenan.<ref name="Controversy Over Afghanistan Remarks: German President Horst Köhler Resigns"/> Ia merasa, pernyataannya sebagai presiden telah "ditanggapi dengan tidak semestinya". ''[[Der Spiegel]]'' berpendapat bahwa pengunduran presiden yang diusulkan oleh CDU/CSU ini merupakan "sakit kepala lanjutan" bagi [[Daftar kanselir Jerman|Kanselir]] [[Angela Merkel]] (CDU).<ref name="Controversy Over Afghanistan Remarks: German President Horst Köhler Resigns">{{cite web|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,697785,00.html|title=Controversy Over Afghanistan Remarks: German President Horst Köhler Resigns|date=31 May 2010|accessdate=31 May 2010|publisher=[[Der Spiegel]]}}</ref>
Sebagaimana ketentuan [[konstitusi Jerman|konstitusi federal Jerman]] (''Bundesgrundgesetz''), posisi ini untuk sementara dijabat oleh Presiden [[Bundesrat (Jerman)|Bundesrat]], [[Jens Böhrnsen]], dan ''[[Bundesversammlung]]'' (majelis gabungan [[Bundestag]] dan Bundesrat) diberikan waktu 30 hari untuk memilih presiden yang baru.
== Pranala luar ==
{{Commons|Horst Köhler|Horst Köhler}}
* [http://www.bundespraesident.de/en Official page of the German President] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060629212008/http://www.bundespraesident.de/en/ |date=2006-06-29 }}
* [http://www.imf.org/external/np/omd/bios/hk.htm Biographical information] ([[International Monetary Fund|from the IMF]])
* [http://www.cducsu.de/aktuelles/audio/koehler040523.mp3 Horst Köhler's speech in Berlin upon his election as president (MP3)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050906042536/http://www.cducsu.de/aktuelles/audio/koehler040523.mp3 |date=2005-09-06 }} [http://www.faz.net/s/RubFC06D389EE76479E9E76425072B196C3/Doc~EE2DB4A5EE8FA42BAA098D0508825B300~ATpl~Ecommon~Scontent.html text]
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
{{S-start}}
{{succession box|title=[[Presiden Jerman]]|before=[[Johannes Rau]]|years=[[2004]]–[[2010]]|after=[[Christian Wulff]]}}
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[[Kategori:Direktur Pelaksana Dana Moneter Internasional]]
{{Jerman-bio-stub}}
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