Horst Köhler: Perbedaan antara revisi

{{Infobox_President | name =Horst Köhler

| nationality =Jerman

| image =Koehlerhorst08032007.jpg

| order =[[Presiden Jerman]] ke-13<br /><small>[[Republik Federal Jerman|Presiden Republik Federal Jerman]] ke-9

| term_start =[[1 Juli]] [[2004]]

| term_end =[[31 Mei]] [[2010]]

| vicepresident =

| predecessor =[[Johannes Rau]]

| successor =[[JensChristian BöhrnsenWulff]] <small>Penjabat

| birth_date ={{birth date and age|1943|2|22}}

| birth_place =[[Skierbieszów|Heidenstein]], [[Pendudukan Polandia|Polandia]] di bawah pendudukan [[Nazi Jerman|Jerman]]

| death_date =

| death_place =

| party =

| spouse =[[Eva Köhler|Eva Bohnet]]

| profession =[[Ekonom]]

| religion =[[Protestan]]

'''Horst Köhler''' ({{Audio|De-Horst Köhler.ogg|dengarkan}}, {{lahirmati|[[Skierbieszów|Heidenstein]], [[Jerman]], sekarang wilayah [[Polandia]]|22|2|1943}}) adalah [[Presiden Jerman|Presiden]] [[Jerman]] yangdari sedang[[1 menjabat.Juli]] [[2004]] sampai [[31 Mei]] [[2010]].

Köhler [[Pemilihan Presiden Jerman 2004|dipilih]] ''[[Bundesversammlung (Jerman)|Bundesversammlung]]'' (''Dewan Federal'') pada [[23 Mei]] [[2004]] dan dilantik pada [[1 Juli]] [[2004]]. Ia terpilih kembali sebagai presiden pada tanggal [[23 Mei]] [[2009]].

Sebelum terpilih, Köhler mempunyai karier yang cemerlang di dunia politik dan sebagai pegawai negeri. Paling akhir ia menjabat sebagai kepala di [[Dana Moneter Internasional|IMF]] pada periode [[1 Mei]] [[2000]] hingga [[4 Maret]] [[2004]].

Köhler lahir di [[Skierbieszów]], di [[Polandia]] yang saat itu diduduki [[Jerman]], sebagai anak ketujuh dari delapan anak dalam sebuah keluarga [[Volksdeutsche]] dari [[Glückstal]] di [[Bessarabia]] [[Rumania]] (kini bagian dari [[Moldova]]). <!--His parents, Romanian citizens, had to leave their home in Bessarabia in [[1940]] during the [[Nazi-Soviet population transfers]] that followed the [[Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact]], which awarded Bessarabia to the [[Soviet Union]]. As part of the [[Generalplan Ost]], they were resettled in [[1942]] at [[Skierbieszów]], a village near [[Zamosc]], [[Poland]] (then part of the [[General Government]]). People of Skierbieszów had been expelled to make room for German settlers. As the [[Wehrmacht]] was pushed back and first parts of Poland had to be abandoned in [[1944]], the Köhler family fled to [[Leipzig]]. In [[1953]] they left [[East Germany]] for [[Ludwigsburg]] to escape from the communist regime.

Köhler took his ''[[Abitur]]'' in 1963, and after a two-year military service in the mechanized infantry (''Panzergrenadiere'') he left the [[Bundeswehr]] as "[[Leutnant]] der Reserve" (reserve officer). He studied and finally earned a [[doctorate]] in [[economics]] and [[political science]]s from [[Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen]], where he was a scientific research assistant at the Institute for Applied Economic Research from [[1969]] to [[1976]].

Upon his election, Köhler, a conservative German [[patriotism|patriot]], said that "Patriotism and being cosmopolitan are not opposites". "He appeared an enlightened patriot who genuinely loves his country and is not afraid to say so", the newspaper [[Die Welt]] wrote. Presenting his visions for Germany, Köhler also said that "Germany should become a land of ideas", and emphasized the importance of globalization, and that Germany would have to fight for its place in the 21st century.

Pada tanggal [[31 Mei]] [[2010]] Köhler mengumumkan pengunduran dirinya sebagai Presiden Jerman.<ref name="AFP-Rücktritt">{{cite web|url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5ivOge9ovvGl20_sawK1aa8afqXRw|title=Bundespräsident Köhler zurückgetreten|work=[[Agence France-Presse|AFP]]|date=31 May 2010|accessdate=31 May 2010|language=German|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100604003206/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5ivOge9ovvGl20_sawK1aa8afqXRw|archivedate=2010-06-04|dead-url=no}}</ref> Hal ini terjadi setelah ia mendapat hujan kritik dari pers dan politisi atas pernyataan kesetujuannya atas penempatan militer Jerman di luar negeri dengan alasan untuk melindungi kepentingan Jerman.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/10198036.stm|title=German President Koehler quits amid row over military|date=31 May 2010|accessdate=31 May 2010|publisher=BBC}}</ref> Konstitusi Jerman melarang pelibatan militer Jerman dalam suatu peperangan. Dalam pernyataan pengunduran dirinya ia menyatakan bahwa pengunduran dirinya berlaku segera dan dilakukan untuk melindungi kewibawaan institusi kepresidenan.<ref name="Controversy Over Afghanistan Remarks: German President Horst Köhler Resigns"/> Ia merasa, pernyataannya sebagai presiden telah "ditanggapi dengan tidak semestinya". ''[[Der Spiegel]]'' berpendapat bahwa pengunduran presiden yang diusulkan oleh CDU/CSU ini merupakan "sakit kepala lanjutan" bagi [[Daftar kanselir Jerman|Kanselir]] [[Angela Merkel]] (CDU).<ref name="Controversy Over Afghanistan Remarks: German President Horst Köhler Resigns">{{cite web|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,697785,00.html|title=Controversy Over Afghanistan Remarks: German President Horst Köhler Resigns|date=31 May 2010|accessdate=31 May 2010|publisher=[[Der Spiegel]]}}</ref>

* [http://www.bundespraesident.de/en Official page of the German President] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060629212008/http://www.bundespraesident.de/en/ |date=2006-06-29 }}

* [http://www.cducsu.de/aktuelles/audio/koehler040523.mp3 Horst Köhler's speech in Berlin upon his election as president (MP3)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050906042536/http://www.cducsu.de/aktuelles/audio/koehler040523.mp3 |date=2005-09-06 }} [http://www.faz.net/s/RubFC06D389EE76479E9E76425072B196C3/Doc~EE2DB4A5EE8FA42BAA098D0508825B300~ATpl~Ecommon~Scontent.html text]

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{{succession box|title=[[Presiden Jerman]]|before=[[Johannes Rau]]|years=[[2004]]–[[2010]]|after=[[Christian Wulff]]}}