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{{Infobox Person
|name = Jack Kevorkian
|image = Jack Kevorkian.jpg |
|image_size = 150px
|caption = Jack Kevorkian saat kemunculan publiknya Januari 2008
|birth_name =
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1928|05|26}}
|birth_place = [[Pontiac, Michigan]]
|death_date = {{Death date and age|2011|6|3|1928|5|26}}
|death_place = [[Royal Oak]], [[Michigan]]
|death_cause = Komplikasi penyakit
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|nationality = [[Amerika Serikat]]
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|occupation = [[Patologi]]
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}}
'''Dr. Jack Kevorkian''', ([[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: {{IPA|[kɛ.ˈvɔːɹ.ki.ɛn]}} <ref>[http://inogolo.com/pronunciation/d1097/Jack_Kevorkian inogolo: cara mengucapkan nama Jack Kevorkian]</ref>) ({{lahirmati||26|5|1928||3|6|2011}}<ref>http://www.nndb.com/people/272/000023203</ref><ref name="Death date">{{cite news|title=Jack Kevorkian, crusader for right to assisted suicide, dies aged 83 at Michigan hospital|agency=Associated Press|location=[[Detroit, Michigan]]|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/jack-kevorkian-crusader-for-right-to-assisted-suicide-dies-aged-83-at-michigan-hospital/2011/06/03/AGx5BuHH_story.html|date=June 3, 2011|accessdate=June 3, 2011|newspaper=Washington Post}}{{Pranala mati|date=Juli 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>) adalah seorang ahli [[patologi]] yang kontroversial.
Ia dilahirkan di [[Pontiac]], di negara bagian [[Michigan]], [[Amerika Serikat|Amerika]] dari orang tua yang berdarah [[Armenia]] - [[Amerika Serikat|Amerika]].
Ia terkenal dalam membantu hak untuk mati dari [[pasien terminal]] dengan cara "bunuh diri berbantuan" dan mengklaim bahwa ia telah membantu sebanyak 130 pasien sampai mengakhiri hidupnya.
Pernyataannya yang sangat terkenal yaitu: " kematian bukanlah perbuatan kriminal" . Banyak yang mengira bahwa julukan '''Dr Death''' ( Dr Kematian) diberikan kepadanya karena kegiatannya tersebut, namun sewaktu diwawancarai dalam acara "Larry King Live" pada bulan Juni 2007, ia mengatakan bahwa julukan tersebut disandangnya karena pekerjaannya sebagai seorang ahli patologi yang banyak melakukan [[otopsi]].
Ia dituntut hukuman penjara selama 10-25 tahun dan dijatuhi hukuman penjara selama 8 tahun. Ia mulai menjalani hukuman penjara pada tahun [[1999]] atas tuduhan melakukan kejahatan pembunuhan tingkat dua pada tahun 1998 dengan cara meracuni Thomas Youk, 52 tahun, dari [[Oakland County]], [[Michigan]].
Kevorkian dibebaskan dari penjara pada tanggal [[1 Juni]] [[2007]], oleh karena alasan kesehatan yang disebabkan oleh penyakit [[diabetes]] dan [[hepatitis C]].<ref>http://www.cnn.com/2007/LAW/06/01/kevorkian.release.ap/index.html</ref>
== Eutanasia ==
Pada tahun 1980an, Kevorkian menuliskan serangakaian artikel untuk sebuah jurnal [[Jerman]] yang bernama ''Medicine and Law'' (kedokteran dan hukum) yang menuangkan pemikirannya mengenai etika dari [[eutanasia]].
Kevorkian memuat [[iklan]] di [[koran]] ''Detroit newspapers'' pada tahun [[1987]] sebagai seorang konsultan kedokteran untuk "konsultasi kematian" . Pada tahun [[1991]] negara bagian [[Michigan]] mencabut izin praktiknya sehingga dengan demikian ia tidak diperkenankan lagi menjalankan praktik kedokteran ataupun berhubungan dengan pasien.
Menurut pengacaranya yang bernama [[Geoffrey Fieger]], antara periode tahun [[1990]] dan [[1998]], Kevorkian telah melakukan pembantuan untuk kematian dari hampir seratus orang pasien terminal (penyakit tanpa harapan sembuh lagi, misalnya [[kanker stadium akhir]]) (kelak kemudian hari sewaktu dilakukan [[otopsi]] atas sejumlah pasien yang kematiannya dibantu oleh Kevorkian, ditemukan bahwa pada tidak terdapat tanda-tanda penyakit terminal dan motivasi bunuh diri mereka adalah disebabkan oleh [[depresi]] . Pada setiap kasus diatas, masing-masing pasien melakukan sendiri tindakan terakhir yang mengakibatkan kematian mereka ( [[bunuh diri berbantuan dokter]]) . Dr. Kevorkian hanya melakukan bantuan dalam menghubungkan sipasien pada suatu alat untuk bunuh diri yang dirancangnya dan kemudian pasien tersebutlah yang menekan sendiri tombol yang melepaskan obat atau kimia yang akan mengakhiri hidupnya.
Dua kematian dilakukan dengan bantuan suatu alat berupa jarum suntik yang menyuntikkan obat mematikan secara mekanis melalui [[intravena]] (IV), yang diberi nama oleh Kevorkian dengan nama "[[Thanatron]]" (yang artinya "mesin kematian"). Pasien lainnya dibantu dengan suatu alat berupa masker gas yang dapat menyalurkan gas [[karbon monoksida]] dan alat ini diberi nama "[[Mercitron]]" (yang artinya "mesin belas kasihan"), dimana alat ini menjadi sering digunakan sebab dengan dicabutnya izin praktiknya maka ia secara hukum tidak lagi diperbolehkan untuk menggunakan "Thanatron" karena menggunakan sistem suntikan.
Pada tanggal [[23 November]] [[1998]] pada siaran acara ''[[60 Minutes]]'', Kevorkian mengizinkan pemutaran [[video]] yang dibuatnya pada tanggal [[17 September]] [[1998]], yang menggambarkan [[eutnasia#Eutanasia ditinjau dari sudut pemberian izin|eutanasia sukarela]] atas diri pasien bernama Thomas Youk, seorang pria dewasa yang menderita penyakit [[Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis|ALS]] pada stadium akhir. Dan penayangan video pada acara inilah yang akhirnya menggiring Kevorkian kepenjara atas dakwaan pembunuhan tingkat dua.
== Daftar pasien ==
Berikut ini adalah daftar pasien yang diketahui bahwa kematiannya dilakukan atas bantuan Kevorkian selama kariernya dalam membantu pelaksanaan bunuh diri .
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
Janet Elaine Adkins, 54, 4 Juni 1990<br />
Marjorie Lee Wantz, 58, 23 Oktober 1991<br />
Sherry Ann Miller, 43, 23 Oktober 1991<br />
Susan Weaver Williams, 52, 15 Mei 1992<br />
Lois Hawes, 52, 26 September 1992<br />
Catherine Andreyev, 46, 23 November 1992<br />
Marcella Lawrence, 67, 15 Desember 1992<br />
Marguerite Tate, 70, 15 Desember 1992<br />
Jack Miller, 53, 20 Januari 1993<br />
Stanley Ball, 82, 4 Februari 1993<br />
Mary Biernat, 73, 4 Februari 1993<br />
Elaine Goldbaum, 48, 8 Februari 1993<br />
Hugh E. Gale, 70, 15 Februari 1993<br />
Jonathon Grenz, 44, 18 Februari 1993<br />
Martha Ruwart, 41, 18 Februari 1993<br />
Ronald Mansur, 54, 16 Mei 1993<br />
[[Thomas Warnock Hyde]], 30, 4 Agustus 1993<br />
Donald O'Keefe, 73, 9 September 1993<br />
Merian Frederick, 72, 22 Oktober 1993<br />
Ali Khalili, 61, 22 November 1993<br />
Margaret Garrish, 72, 26 November 1994<br />
John Evans, 77, 8 Mei 1995<br />
Nicholas Loving, 27, 12 Mei 1995<br />
Erika Garcellano, 60, 25 Juni 1995<br />
Esther Cohan, 46, 21 Agustus 1995<br />
Patricia Cashman, 58, 8 November 1995<br />
Linda Henslee, 48, 29 Januari 1996<br />
Austin Bastable, 53, 6 Mei 1996<br />
Ruth Neuman, 69, 10 Juni 1996<br />
Lona Jones, 58, 18 Juni 1996<br />
Bette Lou Hamilton, 67, 20 Juni 1996<br />
Shirley Cline, 63, 4 Juli 1996<br />
Rebecca Badger, 39, 9 Juli 1996<br />
Elizabeth Mercz, 59, 6 Agustus 1996<br />
{{col-break}}
Judith Curren, 42, 15 Agustus 1996<br />
Dortha Louise Siebens, 76, 20 Agustus 1996<br />
Patricia Smith, 40, 22 Agustus 1996<br />
Pat DiGangi, 66, 22 Agustus 1996<br />
Loretta Peabody, 54, 30 Agustus 1996<br />
Jack Leatherman, 73, 2 September 1996<br />
Isabel Correa, 60, 7 September 1996<br />
Richard Faw, 75, 29 September 1996<br />
Wallace Spolar, 70, 10 Oktober 1996<br />
Nancy DeSoto, 55, 17 Oktober 1996<br />
[[Barbara Ann Collins]], 65, 23 Oktober 1996<br />
Lisa Lansing, 42, 3 Februari 1997<br />
Elaine Day, 79, 3 Februari 1997<br />
Helen Livengood, 59, 7 Maret 1997<br />
Albert Miley, 41, 8 Maret 1997<br />
Janette Knowles, 75, 25 Maret 1997<br />
Heidi Aseltyne, 27, 8 April 1997<br />
Delouise Bacher, 63, 7 Mei 1997<br />
Janis Murphy, 40, 26 Juni 1997<br />
Dorinda Scheipsmeier, 51, 1 Juli 1997<br />
Lynne Dawn Lennox, 54, 1 Juli 1997<br />
Karen Shofstall, 34, 13 Agustus 1997<br />
Janet Good, 73, 26 Agustus 1997<br />
Thomas Summerslee, 55, 29 Agustus 1997<br />
Carol Fox, 54, 3 September 1997<br />
Deborah Sickels, 43, 7 September 1997<br />
Natverlal Thakore, 78, 20 September 1997<br />
Kari Miller, 54, 29 September 1997<br />
John Zdanowiez, 50, 3 Oktober 1997<br />
Lois Caswell, 65, 8 Oktober 1997<br />
Annette Blackman, 34, 13 Oktober 1997<br />
John O'Hara, 54, 30 Oktober 1997<br />
Naida Foldes, 72, 13 November 1997<br />
Naomi Sachs, 84, 22 November 1997<br />
Bernice Gross, 78, 22 November 1997<br />
{{col-break}}
Martha Wichorek, 82, 3 Desember 1997<br />
Rosalind Haas, 59, 13 Desember 1997<br />
Margaret Weilhart, 89, 16 Desember 1997<br />
Cheri Trimble, 46, 16 Desember 1997<br />
Franz-Johann Long, 53, 27 Desember 1997<br />
Mary Langford, 73, 27 Desember 1997<br />
Nancy Rush, 81, 8 Januari 1998<br />
Carrie Hunter, 35, 18 Januari 1998<br />
Jeremy Allen, 52, 3 Februari 1998<br />
Muriel Clement, 76, 23 Februari 1998<br />
Roosevelt Dawson, 21, 26 Februar 1998<br />
William Cannaughton, 42, 5 Maret 1998<br />
Patricia Greyham, 61, 5 Maret 1998<br />
Waldo Herman, 66, 13 Maret 1998<br />
Mary Judith Kanner, 67, 26 Maret 1998<br />
Shala Semonie, 47, 9 April 1998<br />
Dixie Coleen Wilson, 64, 13 April 1998<br />
Pricilla Hiles, 73, 17 April 1998<br />
Jack Schenbern, 89, 17 April 1998<br />
Lucille Alderman, 86, 24 April 1998<br />
Matthew Johnson, 26, 7 Mei 1998<br />
Emma Kassa, 68, 19 Mei 1998<br />
Joseph Tushkowski, 45, 7 Juni 1998<br />
Thomas Youk, 52, 17 September 1998<br />
{{col-end}}
== Musik ==
Pada tahun 1999, masyarakat penentuan nasib sendiri yang berbasis di Jenewa Exit International menugaskan [[David Woodard]] untuk mentranskripsikan musik yang digubah oleh Kevorkian.<ref>Woodard, D., "Musica lætitiæ comes medicina dolorum", diterjemahkan oleh S. Zeitz, ''Der Freund'', Nr. 7, Maret 2006, pp. 34–41.</ref>
== Kematian ==
Kevorkian meninggal di [[William Beaumont Hospital]], [[Royal Oak, Michigan]] pada [[3 Juni]] [[2011]], 8 hari sebelum ulang tahunnya ke-83.<ref name=Schneider/> Ia meninggal akibat komplikasi penyakit yang dideritanya seperti [[kanker hati]] dan [[pneumonia]].<ref name=Schneider>{{cite news|title =Dr. Jack Kevorkian dead at 83|url = http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2011/06/03/report-dr-jack-kevorkian-dead/|publisher = CNN}}</ref>
== Lihat pula ==
* [[Eutanasia]]
== Catatan kaki ==
{{reflist}}
== Referensi lain ==
# Dr. Kevorkian is mentioned in Hollywood Ending, a Woody Allen film.
# The industrial band Suicide Commando has a song called "Kevorkian", on their E.P. Comatose Delusion.
# An episode in the first season of Comedy Central's show, "South Park", entitled "Death", referenced killing Stan's grandfather with the aid of Mr. Kevorkian.
# Jack Kevorkian was a major character in Kurt Vonnegut's book God Bless You, Dr. Kevorkian.
# A song from Strapping Young Lad's album City is named "Velvet Kevorkian".
# A song written by Stephen Lynch titled "Grandfather" from his album Superhero (album), he sings "Oh Grandfather I, wish Kevorkian were here!" The song is about how he wishes for his Grandfather dead so he can receive the inheritance meant for him.
# Dr. Kevorkian is referenced in the hit sitcom Seinfeld in the Season 3 episode "The Suicide." Cosmo Kramer jokes, "What, Gina? Why wait, why not just call Dr. Kevorkian."
# Dr. Kevorkian is also referenced in The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air. In the episode "Home is Where the Heart Attack Is," a Dr. Kevarkian attends to Uncle Phil when he has a heart attack.
# The song "Kevorkian" by Public Enemy contains numerous references to Jack Kevorkian and "Doctor Death"
# The Song "Dr. Kevorkian" by the Pilfers is about Jack Kevorkian.
# The Heavy Metal act Bodycount uses the his name in a song, "You think your life's tough? Call Kevorkian!" His number is yet to be released to the public and isn't in the lyric sheet.
# In an episode of the Emmy award winning show "Monk", the main character's assistant tells him to guess who asked her out, and gives a clue that he's a Doctor, Monk replies Kevorkian. To which his assistant, Sharona, repilies "Funny".
# In the 2007 Michael Moore Movie Sicko Moore features a clip of Hillary Clinton attacking Republican Congressman Dick Armey with a reference to his support of the health care system was like Doctor Kevorkian.
# The band Anal Cunt has a song called "Jack Kevorkian is Cool" on their album I Like It When You Die.
# The cover of metal band Acid Bath's album Paegan Terrorism Tactics consists of a painting by Jack Kevorkian. It was also rumored that Dr. Jack Kevorkian himself played a violin at the end of the song "New Death Sensation"; whether or not this is true is still unknown.
# Jack Kevorkian is mentioned in the lyrics to "The Convalescent" by the Manic Street Preachers, "Eyes quickly shift to Jack Kevorkian".
# The book Aimee by Mary Beth Miller features a reference to Jack Kevorkian when the main character is compared to him.
# The website, illwillpress.com features a cartoon short titled "Kavorkian Scarf" which includes a neurotic squirrel visting a friend, Germaine, in the hospital. He mistakes a sphygmomanometer as a scarf, and proceeds to wrap it around his neck. The device is pumped, and nearly chokes the squirell to death. When the sphygmomanometer is removed from his neck he exclaims,"It's a machine of death, it's a Kevorkian scarf!". There is a misspelling of Kevorkians' name in the title of the short, possibly to be joking.
# X-Rated, on the track called Liqour, niggas and triggas from the album X-orsist, says: "Let me play that Jack Kevorkian, I'm doctor death assisting a suicide."
# In the movie Jack, The character Eddie (Todd Bosley) is dressed like a doctor. Robin Williams character Jack, then asks him "Are you Dr. Kevorkian?"
# The Detroit, Michigan-based punk rock band The Suicide Machines were originally called Jack Kevorkian and the Suicide Machines, before truncating the name.
# On the Rush Limbaugh radio show, Rush Limbaugh discussed "Dripple", a poisonous beverage marketed by "Jack The Dripper". Some of his punch lines included people wanting him to sponsor Dripple although Rush prefers to sponsor items he has tried; many flavors including the "Die-It" variety; feminists starting a "Draft Rush for Dripple" campaign; comparing Dripple to other products which promote good health, which Jack the Dripper does not support; and "once you try Dripple you'll never try anything else".
== Bacaan lebih lanjut ==
* ''Final Exit: The Practicalities of Self-Deliverance and Assisted Suicide for the Dying'' by [[Derek Humphry]]. ISBN 0-385-33653-5.
* ''Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide (For and Against)'' by [[Gerald Dworkin]], [[R. G. Frey]] (Series Editor), [[Sissela Bok]], [[1998]]: ISBN 0-521-58789-1.
* ''Physician-Assisted Suicide: The Anatomy of a Constitutional Law Issue'' by [[Arthur Gordon Svenson]] and [[Susan M. Behuniak]]. ISBN 0-7425-1725-X.
* ''Assisted Suicide and the Right to Die: The Interface of Social Science, Public Policy, and Medical Ethics'' by [[Barry Rosenfeld]] [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]], [[2004 in books|2004]] ISBN 1-59147-102-8.
* ''Forced Exit: The Slippery Slope from Assisted Suicide to Legalized Murder'' by [[Wesley J. Smith]], [[1997]]. ISBN 0-8129-2790-7.
* [http://www.nationalreview.com/smithw/smith200512140825.asp "A View to a Kill"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013183150/http://nationalreview.com/smithw/smith200512140825.asp |date=2007-10-13 }} by Wesley J. Smith, ''National Review Online'', December 14, 2005, retrieved December 14, 2005.
* ''Appointment With Dr. Death'' by [[Michael Betzold]]
* Referenced in the pilot episode of the ABC show ''Grey's Anatomy''
== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1535170 IMDB Entry for Jack Kevorkian]
* [http://www.nndb.com/people/272/000023203 NNDB Entry for Jack Kevorkian]
* [http://www.courttv.com/casefiles/kevorkian/kevorkian.html Court TV coverage of mercy killer Dr. Jack Kevorkian] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208133712/http://www.courttv.com/casefiles/kevorkian/kevorkian.html |date=2007-02-08 }}
* [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/kevorkian/ PBS.org Frontline Program "The Kevorkian Verdict: The Life and Legacy of the Suicide Doctor"]—with timeline and other info.
* [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/kevorkian/aboutk/art/index.html A Summary of Dr. Kevorkian's Art Work]
* [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=health&res=9C00E1DB163BF937A25757C0A96F958260 Judge Jessica Cooper's statement upon sentencing Kevorkian]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070608214510/http://perdurabo10.tripod.com/jamesdonahuesstories/id327.html Unsung American Hero Kevorkian Coming Home To Die]
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/today/listenagain/ram/today3_20070609.ram BBC Radio 4 Today interview with John Humphries] - needs Real Audio player.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kevorkian, Jack}}
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