Kwalliso: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''''Kwalliso''''' atau '''''kwan-li-so''''', adalah salah satu dari tiga bentuk penahanan di [[Korea Utara]], dua lainnya adalah Hawk<ref name="Hawk2012">{{cite web|author=Hawk, David |title=The Hidden Gulag – ExposingGulag–Exposing North Korea's Prison Camps |work=[[U.S. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea|The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea]] |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |accessdate=2012-09-21 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150313045221/http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |archivedate=2015-03-13 }}</ref> yang diterjemahkan menjadi "penahanan jangka pendek/pusat buruh paksa"<ref>{{Korean|context=north|mr=chipkyŏlso|rr=jipgyeolso|hangul=집결소|hanja=[[wikt:集結#Korean|集結]][[wikt:所|所]]}}, artinya "tempat berkumpul"</ref> dan "[[kamp buruh]] penjara jangka panjang".<ref>{{Korean|context=north|mr=kyohwaso|rr=gyohwaso|hangul=교화소|hanja=[[wikt:敎|敎]][[wikt:化|化]]所}}, artinya "tempat reedukasi]]"</ref> Sekitar 80.000 sampai 120.000 orang menjadi tahanan politik di negara tersebut.

== Referensi ==

== Bacaan tambahan ==

* {{cite book|title=Escape from Camp 14: One Man's Remarkable Odyssey from North Korea to Freedom in the West|url=https://archive.org/details/escapefromcamp140000hard|last=Harden|first=Blaine|year=2012|publisher=Viking|isbn=978-0-670-02332-5}}

* [http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/CoIDPRK/Pages/ReportoftheCommissionofInquiryDPRK.aspx Report of the Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea]—detailed report, resources include maps and satellite photographs of camps

* [https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/asa24/001/2011/en/ Amnesty International: North Korea: Political Prison Camps] - Document on conditions in North Korean prison camps

* {{cite web|url=http://nkdb.org/bbs1/data/publication/Political_Prison_Camp_in_North_Korea_Today.pdf |publisher=Database Center for North Korean Human Rights |title=Political Prison Camps in North Korea Today |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019141624/http://nkdb.org/bbs1/data/publication/Political_Prison_Camp_in_North_Korea_Today.pdf |archivedate=2013-10-19 }} – Comprehensive–Comprehensive analysis of various aspects of life in political prison camps

* [http://freedomhouse.org/uploads/special_report/53.pdf Freedom House: Concentrations of inhumanity] –{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110908012506/http://freedomhouse.org/uploads/special_report/53.pdf |date=2011-09-08 Analysis}}–Analysis of the phenomena of repression associated with North Korea's political labor camps

* [http://docs-eu.livesiteadmin.com/c8880e0f-f6ed-4585-8f09-4e4b6d11e698/north-korea-a-case-to-answer-a-call-to-act.pdf Christian Solidarity Worldwide: North Korea: A case to answer – aanswer–a call to act] – Report–Report to emphasize the urgent need to respond to mass killings, arbitrary imprisonment, torture and related international crimes

[[CategoryKategori:perbudakanPerbudakan di Asia]]