Penghargaan Templeton: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox award
| name = Penghargaan Templeton
| description = Jasa-jasa menakjubkan dalam memperteguh dimensi kehidupan spiritual, apakah melalui pencerahan, penemuan, atau karya praktis
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| presenter = [[Yayasan Templeton]]
| country = Amerika Serikat
| year = 1973
}}
'''Penghargaan Templeton''' adalah sebuah penghargaan tahunan yang dipersembahkan oleh [[Yayasan Templeton]]. Didirikan pada 1972, penghargaan tersebut dianugerahi kepada orang hidup yang, dalam perkiraan para juri, "telah membuat jasa-jasa menakjubkan dalam memperteguh dimensi kehidupan spiritual, entah melalui pencerahan, penemuan, atau kerja praktek".<ref>{{Cite web | url =http://www.templetonprize.org |title= Templeton Prize|accessdate=July 2, 2009|publisher=Templeton Foundation}}</ref> Penghargaan tersebut mengambil nama dari Sir [[John Templeton]] (1912–2008), seorang wisausahawan dan pengusaha Inggris kelahiran Amerika, yang diangkat menjadi kesatria oleh [[Elizabeth II dari Britania Raya|Ratu Elizabeth II]] pada 1987 atas upaya-upaya filantropiknya.<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/19/business/making-a-difference-the-suitors-call-in-earnest-as-an-80th-birthday-nears.html| work = The New York Times|accessdate=July 2, 2009|date=July 19, 2002|title = Making a Difference; The Suitors Call in Earnest As an 80th Birthday Nears|first=Daniel|last=Cuff}}</ref> Sampai 2001, nama penghargaan tersebut adalah "Penghargaan Templeton untuk Kemajuan dalam Agama", dan dari 2002 sampai 2008, penghargaan tersebut disebut "Penghargaan Templeton untuk Kemajuan Terhadap Riset atau Penemuan tentang Realitas Spiritual".<ref>{{Cite web| url = http://www2.canada.com/ottawacitizen/news/story.html?id=894efb53-74d6-4b64-b275-ee22c7a296e0| work = Ottawa Citizen| date = July 8, 2008| first = Charles| last = Enman| accessdate = July 9, 2009| publisher = Canada.com| title = Templeton dies| archive-date = 2012-05-09| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120509223008/http://www2.canada.com/ottawacitizen/news/story.html?id=894efb53-74d6-4b64-b275-ee22c7a296e0| dead-url = yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/faith/article1119787.ece | work = The Times | accessdate=July 2, 2009|date=March 15, 2003|title = Just because science looks forward, religion isn't backward | first=Daniel | last=Crewe}}</ref> Penghargaan tersebut biasanya dipersembahkan oleh [[Pangeran Philip, Adipati Edinburgh|Pangeran Philip]] dalam sebuah upacara di [[Istana Buckingham]].<ref name=peacocke/><ref name=heller/><ref name=despagnat/>
Nilai uang dari penghargaan tersebut disetarakan dengan [[Penghargaan Nobel]], karena Templeton merasa "spiritualitas dihiraukan" dalam Penghargaan Nobel.<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.economist.com/obituary/displaystory.cfm?story_id=11745591 |work = The Economist| title= Obituary – John Templeton | accessdate=July 2, 2009|date=July 17, 2008}}</ref> Sejumlah [[Pound sterling|£]]1,200,000, pada 2015,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lichfield|first1=John|title=Jean Vanier: Philosopher who dislikes the 'religion' of success wins £1.2m Templeton Prize for promoting spiritual awareness|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/jean-vanier-philosopher-who-dislikes-the-religion-of-success-wins-12m-templeton-prize-for-promoting-spiritual-awareness-10101621.html|accessdate=27 April 2015|agency=The Independent|publisher=The Independent|date=11 March 2015|archive-date=2015-03-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150312112843/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/jean-vanier-philosopher-who-dislikes-the-religion-of-success-wins-12m-templeton-prize-for-promoting-spiritual-awareness-10101621.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> penghargaan tersebut merupakan penghargaan finansial tahunan tunggal terbesar kedua (setelah [[Fundamental Physics Prize]]) yang diberikan kepada seorang individual oleh sebuah organisasi filantropik.<ref name=about>{{Cite web | url =http://www.templetonprize.org/abouttheprize.html |title= About the prize|accessdate=July 3, 2009|publisher=Templeton Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = http://www.fundamentalphysicsprize.org/rules| title = About| publisher = [[Fundamental Physics Prize]]| accessdate = April 3, 2013| archive-date = 2013-03-28| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130328095646/http://www.fundamentalphysicsprize.org/rules| dead-url = yes}}</ref> Penghargaan tersebut dianugerahi "berdasarkan pada keputusan sebuah panel juri yang beragam dari berbagai disiplin akademik dan tradisi keagamaan".<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.templetonprize.org/nomination.html | title = Nomination procedure|publisher=Templeton Foundation | accessdate=July 3, 2009}}</ref> [[Hindu]], [[Kristen]], [[Yahudi]], [[Buddhis]], [[Muslim]] dan [[ateis]] ada pada panel juri tersebut dan menjadi para penerima dari penghargaan tersebut.<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.templetonprize.org/judges.html | title =Judges| publisher =Templeton Foundation|accessdate=July 2, 2009}}</ref>
Penghargaan tersebut pernah dikritik: pakar [[biologi]] Inggris [[Richard Dawkins]] berkata dalam bukunya ''[[The God Delusion]]'' bahwa penghargaan tersebut biasanya diberikan "kepada seorang ilmuwan yang siap mengatakan sesuatu yang menyenangkan tentang agama".<ref name=jeffries/> [[Sean M. Carroll]], seorang anggota riset di Departemen Fisika [[Institut Teknologi California]], mengkritik para koleganya karena mengambil hadiah riset Templeton di saat mereka tidak mendukung keyakinan Templeton.<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/05_48/b3961604.htm | work = Business Week | title = The Devout Donor|accessdate=July 2, 2009|date=November 28, 2005}}</ref> [[Martinus J. G. Veltman]], penerima Nobel fisika 1999, berpendapat bahwa penghargaan tersebut "menjembatani jurang antara esensi dan non-esensi".<ref>{{Cite book | title = Facts and mysteries in elementary particle physics | first=Martinus|last=Veltman|page=286|isbn=981-238-149-X |publisher=World Scientific Publishing Company}}</ref>
Penerima pertama penghargaan tersebut, pada 1973, adalah [[Bunda Teresa]], enam tahun sebelum ia dianugerahi [[Nobel Perdamaian]]. Ia dikutip oleh Yayasan Templeton "atas upaya luar biasanya untuk membantu anak-anak tuna wisma dan terlantar di Kalkuta," karya yang "menginspirasi jutaan orang lainnya di seluruh dunia".<ref name=prev>{{Cite web | url = http://www.templetonprize.org/previouswinner.html| publisher = Templeton Foundation|accessdate=July 3, 2007| title = Previous winners}}</ref>
== Penerima ==
{|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
!scope="col"| Tahun
Baris 15 ⟶ 27:
|-
|1973
|{{sort|Bunda Teresa|[[
|[[Bunda Teresa]]
|Pendiri [[Misionaris Karitas]]; Penerima Nobel Perdamaian 1979
Baris 21 ⟶ 33:
|-
|1974
| {{sort|Frere Roger|[[
| [[Frère Roger]]
| Pendiri [[Komunitas Taizé]]
| <ref name=indy>{{Cite web
|-
|1975
| {{sort|Radhakrishnana|[[
| [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan|Dr Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]
| Mantan [[Presiden India]], advokat non-agresi dengan Pakistan
Baris 36 ⟶ 48:
| [[Leo Joseph Suenens|Leo Josef Kardinal Suenens]]
| Pelopor gerakan [[Pembaharuan Karismatik Katolik]]
| <ref name=humble>{{Cite book | title = The Humble Approach: Scientists Discover God | year = 1998 | url = https://archive.org/details/humbleapproachsc0000temp |first=John|last=Templeton|isbn=1-890151-17-3 |publisher=Templeton Foundation Press|pages=
|-
|1977
Baris 66 ⟶ 78:
| [[Cicely Saunders|Dame Cicely Saunders]]
| Pendiri gerakan [[Hospis#Kebangkitan gerakan hospis modern|hospis]] dan [[Perawatan paliatif#History|perawatan paliatif]]
| <ref>{{Cite book| page=[https://archive.org/details/cicelysaundersfo0000saun/page/131 131]| isbn=0-19-856969-6 |publisher = Oxford University Press| title = Cicely Saunders – Founder of the Hospice Movement: Selected Letters 1959–1999 | year=2005| url=https://archive.org/details/cicelysaundersfo0000saun|first=David|last=Clark}}</ref>
|-
|1982
| {{sort|Graham|[[
| [[Billy Graham]]
| Penginjil
Baris 75 ⟶ 87:
|-
|1983
| {{sort|Solzhenitsyn| [[
| [[Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn]]
| Novelis [[pembangkang Soviet|pembangkang]] [[Uni Soviet|Soviet]]; penerima Nobel
Baris 90 ⟶ 102:
| [[Alister Hardy|Sir Alister Hardy]]
| Pendiri, [[Pusat Riset Pengalaman Relijius]]
| <ref>{{Cite book | title = The Psychology of Religion | year = 1996 | url = https://archive.org/details/psychologyofreli0000unse | first = Ralph | last= Hood Jr.|isbn= 1-57230-116-3 |publisher = The Guilford Press| page=[https://archive.org/details/psychologyofreli0000unse/page/248 248] }}</ref>
|-
|1986
Baris 99 ⟶ 111:
|-
|1987
| {{sort|Father Jaki|[[
| [[Stanley Jaki]]
| Imam [[Benediktin]]; profesor astrofisika, [[Universitas Seton Hall]]
Baris 109 ⟶ 121:
| Mantan sekretaris-jenderal Kongres Muslim Dunia Modern
| <ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1988/10/30/nyregion/religion-notes-prize-winner-accused-of-bias-collects-award.html| work = The New York Times| accessdate=July 2, 2009 | date=October 30, 1988| first=Peter|last=Steinfels|title = Religion Notes; Prize Winner, Accused Of Bias, Collects Award}}</ref>
|-
|1989
| {{sort|Weizsacker|[[Berkas:Carl Friedrich von Weizsaecker.jpg|100px]]}}
| [[Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker|Carl Friedrich Freiherr von Weizsäcker]]
| Fisikawan dan filsuf
| <ref name=humble/>{{ref label|com|A|a}}
|-
|1989
Baris 114 ⟶ 132:
| [[George MacLeod]]
| Pendiri [[Komunitas Iona]]
| <ref>{{Cite book | title = Daily Readings with George Macleod | year = 1991 | url = https://archive.org/details/dailyreadingswit0000macl | first=George|last=MacLeod|page=[https://archive.org/details/dailyreadingswit0000macl/page/n16 15]|isbn=0-00-627513-3 |publisher=Fount}}</ref>{{ref label|com|A|a}}
|-
|1990
Baris 129 ⟶ 147:
|-
|1991
| {{sort|Jakobvits|[[Berkas:Immanuel Jakobovits.jpg|100px]]}}
| [[Immanuel Jakobovits, Baron Jakobovits|Rabbi Jakobovits]]
| Mantan [[Daftar Kepala Rabbi Kongregasi Ibrani Bersatu|Kepala Rabbi Britania Raya dan Persemakmuran]]
Baris 141 ⟶ 159:
|-
|1993
| {{sort|Colson|[[
| [[Charles Colson]]
| Pendiri [[Prison Fellowship]]
Baris 148 ⟶ 166:
|-
|1994
| {{sort|Novak|[[
| [[Michael Novak]]
| Filsuf dan diplomat
Baris 154 ⟶ 172:
|-
|1995
| {{sort|Davies| [[
| [[Paul Davies]]
| [[fisika teoretikal|fisikawan teoretikal]]
Baris 168 ⟶ 186:
| {{sort|Athavale|}}
| [[Pandurang Shastri Athavale]]
| Reformator sosial; filsuf; dan pendiri [[Swadhyay Parivar|
| <ref name=nyt/>
|-
Baris 174 ⟶ 192:
| {{sort|Sternberg|—}}
| [[Sigmund Sternberg|Sir Sigmund Sternberg]]
| Filantropist; pendiri, Forum Tiga
| <ref name=indy/>
|-
Baris 184 ⟶ 202:
|-
|2000
| {{sort|Dyson| [[
| [[Freeman Dyson]]
| Profesor emeritus, [[
|<ref name=indy2>{{Cite web | url = http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/600000-prize-for-physicist-who-urges-ethics-in-science-284361.html | work=The Independent|accessdate=July 2, 2009|date=March 23, 2000|first=Steve |last=Connor|title = £600,000 prize for physicist who urges ethics in science}}</ref>
|-
Baris 196 ⟶ 214:
|-
|2002
| {{sort| Polkinghorne| [[
| [[John Polkinghorne]]
| Fisikawan dan [[teologi|teolog]]
Baris 202 ⟶ 220:
|-
|2003
| {{sort|Rolston| [[
| [[Holmes Rolston III]]
| Filsuf
Baris 208 ⟶ 226:
|-
|2004
| {{sort|Ellis|[[
| [[George Francis Rayner Ellis|George F. R. Ellis]]
| [[kosmologi fisik|Kosmolog]] dan
| <ref>{{Cite web |url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/personal-view/3603898/Sacred-mysteries.html | work = Daily Telegraph| accessdate=July 2, 2009|title= Sacred mysteries|first= Christopher|last= Howse|date=March 20, 2004 }}</ref>
|-
|2005
| {{sort|Townes|[[
| [[Charles Hard Townes]]
| [[Penghargaan Nobel|Penerima Nobel]] dan [[fisikawan]]
Baris 226 ⟶ 244:
|-
|2007
| {{sort|Taylor|[[
| [[Charles Taylor (filsuf)|Charles Margrave Taylor]]
| Filsuf
Baris 232 ⟶ 250:
|-
|2008
| {{sort|Heller|[[
| [[Michał Heller]]
| Fisikawan dan filsuf
Baris 244 ⟶ 262:
|-
|2010
|{{sort|Ayala|[[
|[[Francisco J. Ayala]]
|Biologis
Baris 250 ⟶ 268:
|-
|2011
|{{sort|Rees|[[
|[[Martin Rees, Baron Rees of Ludlow]]
|kosmolog dan astrofisikawan
Baris 256 ⟶ 274:
|-
|2012
|{{sort|Tenzin|[[
|[[Dalai Lama ke-14|Dalai Lama ke-14, Tenzin Gyatso]]
|Pemimpin spiritual [[Buddha Tibetan]], dan penerima Nobel Perdamaian 1989
Baris 262 ⟶ 280:
|-
|2013
|{{sort|Tutu|[[
|[[Desmond Tutu]]
|[[Nobel Perdamaian|Penerima Nobel]], aktivis hak asasi sosial dan pensiunan uskup agung [[Gereja Anglikan Afrika Selatan|Anglikan]]
Baris 268 ⟶ 286:
|-
|2014
|{{sort|Halik|[[
|[[Tomáš Halík]]
|Imam, teolog, sosiolog Katolik Roma
Baris 274 ⟶ 292:
|-
|2015
|{{sort|Vanier|[[
|[[Jean Vanier]]
|[[teolog]] [[Filsafat Kristen|Katolik]], [[humanitarian]] dan pendiri [[Faith and Light]]
Baris 280 ⟶ 298:
|-
|2016
|{{sort|Sacks|[[
|[[Jonathan Sacks]]
|Mantan Kepala Rabbi Britania Raya, filsuf, dan cendekiawan [[Yudaisme]]
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.templetonprize.org/currentwinner.html |title=Current Winner |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |publisher=John Templeton Foundation |access-date=March 8, 2016}}</ref>
|-
|2017
|{{sort|Sacks|[[Berkas:AlvinPlantinga.JPG|100px]]}}
|[[Alvin Plantinga]]
|Cendekiawan, filsuf dan penulis Amerika
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.templetonprize.org/currentwinner.html |title=Current Winner |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |publisher=John Templeton Foundation |access-date=March 8, 2016}}</ref>
|-
|2018
|{{sort|Sacks|[[Berkas:King_Abdullah_portrait.jpg|100px]]}}
|[[Abdullah II dari Yordania]]
|Raja Yordania
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h9Qeri-ZbC8 |title=Current Winner |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |publisher=John Templeton Foundation |access-date=June 27, 2018}}</ref>
|}
== Catatan kaki ==
:A. {{note label|com|A|a}} Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker dan Lord MacLeod of Fuinary sama-sama menerima penghargaan tersebut pada 1989.<ref name=prev/>
:B. {{note label|com|B|b}} Baba Amte dan Charles Birch sama-sama menerima penghargaan tersebut pada 1990.<ref name=prev/>
== Referensi ==
=== Umum ===
* {{Cite web | url = http://www.templetonprize.org/previouswinner.html| publisher = Templeton Foundation|accessdate=July 3, 2007| title = Previous winners}}
=== Spesifik ===
{{reflist|30em}}
== Pranala luar ==
*
* [http://www.templetonprize.org/previouswinners/prevwinners.html
▲** [http://www.templetonprize.org/purpose.html Tujuan]
{{Penerima Penghargaan Templeton}}
{{authority control}}
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