Ekonomi Amerika Serikat: Perbedaan antara revisi

|country = <br/> AmerikaBogoran Serikatserikat

|gdp = US$ 20.915,851 triliun<small>(Q4 2012)</small> <ref name="GDP">{{cite web|url=http://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/net/page24.pdf|format=PDF|title=National Economic Trends (Nominal GDP)|publisher=Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis|page=24|date=February 28, 2013|accessdate=March 2, 2013}}</ref><ref name=IMF_GDP>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2012/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=56&pr.y=10&sy=2009&ey=2012&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=111&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=|title=United States|publisher=International Monetary Fund|accessdate=January 4, 2013}}</ref>

|growth = 2,2% <small>(Real, Des. 2011-Des. 2012)</small> <ref name="GDP" />

|inflation = 1,6% <small>(Januari 2012-Januari 2013) </small> <ref name="Inflation">{{cite web|url=http://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/net/page28.pdf|format=PDF|title=National Economic Trends (Consumer Price Index)|publisher=Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis|page=28|date=February 22, 2013|accessdate=February 25, 2013}}</ref>

|edbr = 4 <ref name=" World Bank and International Financial Corporation ">{{cite web|url= http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/united-states/|title= Doing Business in the United States 2013|publisher= [[World Bank]]|accessdate= January 23, 2013|archive-date= 2018-12-25|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181225135424/http://www.worldbank.org/404_response.htm|dead-url= yes}}</ref>

|exports = $1,564 triliun (2012)<ref name="Exports-Imports">{{cite web|url=http://bea.gov/newsreleases/international/trade/2013/pdf/trad1212.pdf|format=PDF|title=U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services|publisher=BEA|date=February 8, 2013|accessdate=February 11, 2013}}{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

|FDI = $227,9&nbsp;miliar (2011)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ofii.org/docs/FDIUS_3_14_12.pdf|title= Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the United States|publisher=International Investment|accessdate=November 22, 2011}}{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

|gross external debt = $14,71 triliun / 98% dari PDB (Juni 2011)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2079.html#us|title=Debt - External|work=The CIA World Factbook|access-date=2013-03-30|archive-date=2015-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151209003243/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2079.html#us|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

|debt = $16,687 triliun<ref name="TreasDirect">{{cite web|url=http://www.treasurydirect.gov/NP/BPDLogin?application=np|title=The Debt to the Penny and Who Holds It|work=Treasury Direct|date=February 28, 2013|accessdate=March 2, 2013|archive-date=2011-04-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110418203433/http://www.treasurydirect.gov/NP/BPDLogin?application=np|dead-url=yes}}</ref> / 107.18% of GDP<ref name="World Economic Outlook Database, October 2012">{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2012/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2010&ey=2017&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=111&s=NGDP_RPCH%2CNGDPD%2CLUR%2CGGXWDG_NGDP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=81&pr.y=10|title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2012|publisher=IMF|accessdate=February 22, 2013}}</ref>

*[[Standard & Poor's]]:<ref>{{cite web|title= Sovereigns rating list|publisher=Standard & Poor's|url=http://www.standardandpoors.com/ratings/sovereigns/ratings-list/en/eu?sectorName=null&subSectorCode=39&filter=U|accessdate=August 20, 2011|archive-date=2018-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225135417/https://www.standardandpoors.com//ratings/sovereigns/ratings-list/en/eu?sectorName=null&subSectorCode=39&filter=U%20|dead-url=yes}}</ref><br>AA+ (Domestic)<br>AA+ (Foreign)<br>AAA (T&C Assessment)<br>Outlook: Negative<ref name=guardian>{{cite news|title=How Fitch, Moody's and S&P rate each country's credit rating|date=April 15, 2011|first1=Simon|last1=Rogers|first2=Ami|last2=Sedghi|work=The Guardian |location=London|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/datablog/2010/apr/30/credit-ratings-country-fitch-moodys-standard|accessdate=May 28, 2011 }}</ref>

'''Ekonomi [[Amerika Serikat]]''' (AS) adalah [[ekonomi]] terbesar di [[dunia]]. [[Produk Domestikdomestik Brutobruto]] (PDB) nominalnya tercatat sebesar [[Dolar|$]] 15,8&nbsp; [[triliun]] pada tahun 2012,<ref name="GDP" /> yang merupakan seperempat dari [[daftar negara menurut PDB (nominal)|PDB nominal dunia]].<ref name=IMF_GDP/> PDB berdasarkan [[keseimbangan kemampuan berbelanja]] (KKB) Amerika Serikat juga merupakan yang terbesar di dunia dan merupakan seperlima dari [[daftar negara menurut PDB (KKB)|PDB KKB dunia]].<ref name=IMF_GDP/> Ekonomi ASAmerika Serikat merupakan [[ekonomi campuran]]<ref>[http://krakow.usconsulate.gov/conditions_resources.html U.S. Economy and Business – Conditions and Resources] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401235554/http://krakow.usconsulate.gov/conditions_resources.html |date=2012-04-01 }}. U.S. Department of State. "The United States is said to have a mixed economy because privately owned businesses and government both play important roles." Accessed: October 24, 2011.</ref><ref>[http://infopedia.usembassy.or.kr/ENG/_f_030401.html (4)Outline of the U.S. Economy – (2)How the U.S. Economy Works] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114051146/http://infopedia.usembassy.or.kr/ENG/_f_030401.html |date=2012-01-14 }}. U.S. Embassy Information Resource Center. "As a result, the American economy is perhaps better described as a "mixed" economy, with government playing an important role along with private enterprise. Although Americans often disagree about exactly where to draw the line between their beliefs in both free enterprise and government management, the mixed economy they have developed has been remarkably successful." Accessed: October 24, 2011.</ref> yang mengalami pertumbuhan PDB yang stabil, memiliki tingkat [[pengangguran]] yang sedang, dan tingkat [[penelitian]] dan [[penanaman modal]] yang tinggi. Lima rekan dagang utama ASAmerika Serikat adalah [[Uni Eropa]], [[Kanada]], [[Republik Rakyat Tiongkok|Tiongkok]], [[Meksiko]], dan [[Jepang]].

Amerika Serikat adalah salah satu [[negara]] terkaya di dunia yang memiliki [[sumber daya alam]] yang berlimpah, [[infrastruktur]] yang maju, dan [[produktivitas]] yang tinggi.<ref>Wright, Gavin, and Jesse Czelusta, "Resource-Based Growth Past and Present", in ''Natural Resources: Neither Curse Nor Destiny'', ed. Daniel Lederman and William Maloney (World Bank, 2007), hal. 185. ISBN 0-8213-6545-2.</ref> [[Daftar negara menurut PDB (KKB) per kapita|Pendapatan per kapita (KKB)]] merupakan yang tertinggi keenam di dunia.<ref name=IMF_GDP/> ASAmerika Serikat juga merupakan [[daftar negara menurut produksi minyak bumi|produsen minyak bumi terbesar ketiga]] dan [[daftar negara menurut produksi gas alam|produsen gas alam terbesar kedua]] di dunia. Negara ini juga merupakan negara dagang terbesar kedua setelah [[Republik Rakyat Tiongkok|Tiongkok]].<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2013/feb/11/china-worlds-largest-trading-nation The Guardian - 11 February 2013 - ''China overtakes US in world trade'' - by Phillip Inman]</ref> Pada tahun 2010, Amerika Serikat masih menjadi negara pabrikan terbesar, dengan seperlima hasil pabrikan dunia berasal dari ASAmerika Serikat.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://shopfloor.org/2011/03/u-s-manufacturing-remains-worlds-largest/18756 | title=U.S. Manufacturing Remains World’s Largest | publisher=Shopfloor | date=March 11, 2011 | accessdate=March 28, 2012 | author=Vargo, Frank | archive-date=2012-04-04 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404234310/http://shopfloor.org/2011/03/u-s-manufacturing-remains-worlds-largest/18756 | dead-url=yes }}</ref> Dari 500 perusahaan terbesar di dunia, 132 bermarkas di ASAmerika Serikat.<ref name="Global 500 2010: Countries">{{cite news|url=http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2010/countries/US.html|publisher=CNN|title=Global 500 2010: Countries}}</ref> Selain itu, Amerika Serikat memiliki [[pasar finansial]] terbesar dan paling berpengaruh di dunia. Sekitar 60% cadangan mata uang global diinvestasikan dalam dollar ASAmerika Serikat, sementara 24% diinvestasikan dalam [[Euro]]. [[Bursa Efek New York]] adalah bursa efek terbesar di dunia berdasarkan [[kapitalisasi pasar]].<ref>http://www.sfc.hk/web/doc/EN/research/stat/a01.pdf</ref> [[Investasi asing langsung]] di Amerika Serikat tercatat sebesar $2,4&nbsp;triliun.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2198rank.html |title=CIA – The World Factbook |publisher=Cia.gov |accessdate=April 21, 2012 |archive-date=2017-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429221140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2198rank.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Investasi Amerika Serikat di negara lain berjumlah $3,3&nbsp;triliun.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2199rank.html |title=CIA – The World Factbook |publisher=Cia.gov |accessdate=April 21, 2012 |archive-date=2007-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071211224610/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2199rank.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Pasar tenaga kerja juga menarik imigran dari seluruh dunia. Selain itu, berdasarkan [[Indeks Kemudahan Berbisnis]] dan [[Laporan Daya Saing Global]] menempatkan ASAmerika Serikat sebagai salah satu negara terbaik.<ref>{{Citation| url=http://gcr.weforum.org/gcr/| title = Rankings: Global Competitiveness Report 2008-2009| publisher=World Economic Forum| accessdate=October 12, 2008}} {{Dead link| archive-date=September2009-09-04| 2010archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090904071741/http://gcr.weforum.org/gcr/|bot dead-url=H3llBotyes}} Click the link "Rankings" to access the entire list.</ref>

Ekonomi ASAmerika Serikat saat ini sedang mengalami kesulitan akibat [[krisis keuangan 2007-2008]]. Pada Februari 2013, tingkat pengangguran mencapai 7,7% atau 12,0 juta orang, sementara tingkat pengangguran U-6 yang juga meliputi [[kekurangan pekerjaan]] mencapai 14,3% atau 22,2 juta. Dengan tingginya tingkat pengangguran, berkurangnya pendapatan rumah tangga, dan pemotongan anggaran federal, ekonomi ASAmerika Serikat masih berusaha [[pulih dari pengangguran]].<ref name=SchwartzJobless>{{cite news|last=Schwartz|first=Nelson|title=Recovery in U.S. Is Lifting Profits, but Not Adding Jobs|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/04/business/economy/corporate-profits-soar-as-worker-income-limps.html?pagewanted=all|accessdate=18 March 2013|newspaper=New York Times|date=March 3, 2013}}</ref> [[Kemiskinan ekstrem]], yaitu rumah tangga dengan pendapatan kurang dari $2 per hari, bertambah dua kali lipat dari angka pada tahun 1996 menjadi 1,5 juta rumah tangga pada tahun 2011, termasuk 2,8 juta anak.<ref name=NatlPovertyCtr>[http://npc.umich.edu/publications/policy_briefs/brief28/policybrief28.pdf "Extreme Poverty in the United States, 1996 to 2011"] ''National Poverty Center'', Februari 2012</ref> Pada tahun 2013, [[kemiskinan anak-anak]] mencapai rekor tertinggi, dengan 16,7 juta anak-anak hidup dalam rumah tangga yang makanannya tidak pastipAmerika Serikatti, sekitar 35% lebih tinggi dari angka pada tahun 2007.<ref name=WalkerBBC>{{cite news|last=Walker|first=Duncan|title=The children going hungry in America|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-21636723|accessdate=13 March 2013|newspaper=BBC News|date=6 March 2013}}</ref> Terdapat sekitar 643.000 tuna wisma pada Januari 2009, dan dua per tiga di antaranya tinggal di temapt perlindungan darurat atau program perumahan transisional, sementara sisanya tinggal di jalan, bangunan yang ditinggalkan, atau tempat lain yang tidak layak.<ref name=HUDhomeless2009>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.huduser.org/publications/pdf/5thHomelessAssessmentReport.pdf |title=HUD 5th Annual Homelessness Assessment Report to Congress, Juni 2010] |access-date=2013-03-30 |archive-date=2013-09-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911021007/http://www.huduser.org/publications/pdf/5thHomelessAssessmentReport.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Pada tahun 2008, ASAmerika Serikat menghabiskan lebih banyak anggarannya untuk kesehatan dari negara lain di dunia, yaitu sekitar 15,2% dari PDB. Akan tetapi, pada tahun 2013, harapan hidup ASAmerika Serikat lebih rendah daripada 17 negara berpendapatan tinggi lainnya.<ref name=nihbph>[http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=13497 "U.S. Health in International Perspective: Shorter Lives, Poorer Health"] (2013) National Institutes of Health Committee on Population, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice</ref> Pada tahun 2010, 49,9 juta orang atau 16,3% dari jumlah penduduk ASAmerika Serikat tidak memiliki [[asuransi kesehatan|Amerika Serikaturansi kesehatan]] yang mengakibatkan kematian 48.000 orang per tahunnya.<ref name=uninsureddeaths>{{Cite web |last= Woolhandler |first= S. |coauthors= ''et al.'' |date= September 12, 2012 |title= Despite slight drop in uninsured, last year’s figure points to 48,000 preventable deaths |publisher= Physicians for a National Health Program |url= http://www.pnhp.org/news/2012/september/despite-slight-drop-in-uninsured-last-year%E2%80%99s-figure-points-to-48000-preventable- |accessdate= September 26, 2012 |archive-date= 2012-09-24 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120924021844/http://www.pnhp.org/news/2012/september/despite-slight-drop-in-uninsured-last-year%E2%80%99s-figure-points-to-48000-preventable- |dead-url= yes }}</ref> Sementara itu, pada tahun 2007, 62,1% pengaju [[kebangkrutan]] menyalahkan biaya medis. Sekitar 25% [[penduduk lansia]] menyatakan kebangkrutannya karena biaya medis, dan 43% terpaksa menghipotekkan atau menjual kediaman mereka.<ref name=kelley2013>[http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11606-012-2199-x "Out-of-Pocket Spending in the Last Five Years of Life"] ''Journal of General Internal Medicine'', Februari 2013, Volume 28, Issue 2, hal 304-309</ref>

Jumlah utang ASAmerika Serikat tercatat sebesar $50,2&nbsp;triliun pada akhir kuartal pertama tahun 2010, atau sekitar 3,5 kali PDB.<ref name="1946-2009-debtlevels">{{Citation

| accessdate =July 3, 2010}}</ref> Pada Oktober 2012, proporsi utang publicpublik ASAmerika Serikat 1,0043 kali lebih besar dari PDB.<ref name="debtclock">{{cite web |url=http://www.usdebtclock.org/world-debt-clock.html |title=World Debt |publisher=usdebtclock.org |accessdate=January 31, 2013}}</ref> [[Aset|Amerika Serikatet]] keuangan domestik berjumlah $131&nbsp;triliun dan [[liabilitas|liabilitAmerika Serikat]] keuangan domestik berjumlah $106&nbsp;triliun.<ref name="2010-flow-of-funds-total-domestic-balance">{{Citation

| url = http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/z1/current/z1.pdf

| accessdate = July 3, 2010}}</ref>

* [http://www.researchamerica.org/economic_impact Research!America – Economic Impact of Medical Research in the U.S.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224214200/http://www.researchamerica.org/economic_impact |date=2014-12-24 }}

* [http://infousa.state.gov/government/forpolicy/oecon.html Outline of the U.S. Economy]{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

* [http://www.bea.gov/national/zip/dpga.zip Bureau of Economic Analysis: Selected NIPA tables (Lots of U.S. economic data)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927001915/http://www.bea.gov/national/zip/dpga.zip |date=2007-09-27 }}

* [http://factfinder.census.gov/bf/_lang=en_vt_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U_DP3_geo_id=01000US.html U.S. Census Bureau] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030607063207/http://factfinder.census.gov/bf/_lang=en_vt_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U_DP3_geo_id=01000US.html |date=2003-06-07 }}

* [http://www.heritage.org/Research/Welfare/bg1713.cfm The Heritage Foundation: Understanding Poverty in America] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100313053958/http://www.heritage.org/research/welfare/bg1713.cfm |date=2010-03-13 }}

* [http://www.newsweek.com/id/183718/output/print "Why There Won't Be a Revolution"]{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} by Jerry Adler, ''Newsweek'', February 16, 2009