Kerusuhan pro-Rusia di Ukraina 2014: Perbedaan antara revisi

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(17 revisi perantara oleh 7 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1:
{{Infobox civil conflict
| partof = [[Krisis Ukraina]]
| image = [[FileBerkas:2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine.png|300px]]
| caption = Peta protes menurut wilayah, menunjukkan tingkat keparahan kerusuhan pada puncaknya
| place = [[Ukraina|Ukraina Timurtimur]]<br/>[[Ukraina|Ukraina Selatanselatan]]<br/>[[CrimeaRepublik Otonomi Krimea|Krimea]]
| coordinates =
| causes = Oposisi [[Euromaidan]], [[Revolusi Ukraina 2014]], dan komposisi [[Pemerintahan Yatsenyuk Pertama|pemerintahan transisi]]<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/party-of-regions-communist-party-banned-in-ivano-frankivsk-and-ternopil-regions-335655.html | title=Party of Regions, Communist Party banned in Ivano-Frankivsk and Ternopil regions | work=Kyiv Post | date=27 January 2014 | accessdate=10 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/activity-of-regions-party-communist-party-yanukovychs-portraits-banned-in-drohobych-337297.html | title=Activity of Regions Party, Communist Party, Yanukovych's portraits banned in Drohobych | work=Kyiv Post | date=21 February 2014 | accessdate=10 April 2014}}</ref>
| date = 20 Februari–19 Maret 2014 ([[Krisis CrimeaKrimea 2014|krisisKrisis CrimeaKrimea]])<br/>23 Februari–Oktober 2014 (protes)<br/>6 April 2014–sekarang ([[Perang di DonbassDonbas]])
| goals =* Penggabungan dengan Rusia<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27369980|title=East Ukraine separatists seek union with Russia|date=12 May 2014|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=12 May 2014}}</ref>
* Perubahan Ukraina menjadi sebuah [[Federasi|negara federal]]<ref name="march16nbc">{{cite news | url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/ukraine-crisis/pro-russia-protesters-storm-donetsk-offices-n54046 | title=Pro-Russia Protesters Storm Donetsk Offices | publisher=NBC News | date=16 March 2014 | accessdate=17 March 2014}}</ref><ref name="march16rt">{{cite news|url=http://rt.com/news/ukraine-kharkov-rights-donetsk-202/|title=Ukraine's east on fire: Kharkov demands referendum, Donetsk prosecutor’s HQ stormed|publisher=RT|location=Russia|date=16 March 2014|accessdate=17 March 2014}}</ref>
* Referendum mengenai status [[Ukraina|Ukraina Timurtimur]] dan [[Ukraina|Ukraina Selatanselatan]]<ref name=march16nbc/><ref name=march16rt/>
* Penetapan [[bahasa Rusia]] sebagai bahasa resmi kedua di Ukraina<ref name="kharkivrulang">{{cite news | url=http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/202138.html | title=Kharkiv regional council demands official status for Russian language | work=Interfax-Ukraine News Agency | date=24 April 2014 | accessdate=25 April 2014}}</ref>
| methods =* Protes
* [[Pemberontakan]] bersenjata
* [[Pendudukan (protes)|Pendudukan]] gedung pemerintahan
| result =* [[Krisis Krimea 2014|Aneksasi CrimeaKrimea oleh Federasi Rusia]]
* [[Perang di Donbass|Pemberontak]] mengambil alih kontrol sebagaiansebagian Oblast [[Donetsk Oblast Donetsk|Donetsk]] dan [[Luhansk Oblast Luhansk|Luhansk]]<ref name="control">{{cite news | url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27222023 | title=Ukraine unrest: Kiev 'helpless' to quell parts of east | publisher=BBC News | date=30 April 2014 | accessdate=30 April 2014}}</ref>
* Serangan balasan pemerintah memicu [[Perang di DonbassDonbas|perang di wilayah DonbassDonbas]].<ref>[http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/parubiy-says-anti-terrorist-operation-will-continue-as-separatists-in-luhansk-donetsk-reject-putins-call-to-postpone-referendum-346933.html Parubiy says "anti-terrorist" operation will continue as separatists in Luhansk, Donetsk reject Putin’s call to postpone referendum]. ''[[Kyiv Post]]''. 8 May 2014</ref>
| side1 =
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Baris 31:
* [[Dinas Keamanan Ukraina]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2014/04/13/7022234/|script-title=uk:У Слов'янську почалася Антитерористична операція - Аваков|trans-title=Antiterrorist operations have begun in Slovyansk - Avakov|language=Ukrainian|work=[[Ukrayinska Pravda]]|date=13 April 2014|accessdate=2 February 2015}}</ref>
* Aktivis [[Euromaidan]]
* [[Sektor Kanankanan]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27275383|title=How did Odessa's fire happen?|publisher=BBC News|date=4 May 2014|accessdate=11 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/02/ukraine-dead-odessa-building-fire|title=Dozens dead after Odessa building fire|work=The Guardian|date=2 May 2014|accessdate=11 May 2014}}</ref>
| side2 =
<!-- No flags per MOS:FLAG -->
'''Aktivis Pro-Rusian'''
* [[Negara BagianKonfederasi Novorossiya|Novorossiya]]
** [[Republik Rakyat Donetsk]]
** [[Republik Rakyat LuhanskLugansk]]
* [[Milisi Rakyat DonbassDonbas]]
** Batalion Vostok<ref name="FTcoup">{{cite news | url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/d077cbfa-e75b-11e3-8b4e-00144feabdc0.html | title=Paramilitaries seize Donetsk rebels' HQ | work=Financial Times | date=29 May 2014 | accessdate=29 May 2014}}</ref>
** Tentara Ortodoks Rusia<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/ukraine-crisis/meet-russian-orthodox-army-ukrainian-separatists-shock-troops-n107426|title=Meet the Russian Orthodox Army, Ukrainian Separatists' Shock Troops|publisher=NBC News|date=16 May 2014|accessdate=2 June 2014}}</ref>
** Tentara Tenggara<ref name="voiceofrussia">{{cite web|url=http://voiceofrussia.com/news/2014_05_17/South-East-Army-urges-Kievs-security-forces-to-leave-territory-of-Lugansk-Peoples-Republic-6420/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140617005429/http://voiceofrussia.com/news/2014_05_17/South-East-Army-urges-Kievs-security-forces-to-leave-territory-of-Lugansk-Peoples-Republic-6420/|archivedate=17 June 2014|title="South-East Army" urges Kiev's security forces to leave territory of Lugansk People's Republic|publisher=voiceofrussia.com|accessdate=28 July 2014}}</ref>
** Batalion Oplot<ref name="reuters">{{cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/06/01/us-ukraine-crisis-vostok-idUSKBN0EC1LL20140601|title=More foreign fighters break cover among Ukraine separatists|agency=Reuters|author=Gabriela Baczynska|date=1 June 2014|accessdate=28 July 2014|archive-date=2014-06-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140602100857/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/06/01/us-ukraine-crisis-vostok-idUSKBN0EC1LL20140601|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
** Batalion Zarya<ref name="voiceofrussia2">{{cite web|url=http://voiceofrussia.com/news/2014_07_11/Russian-journalists-come-under-fire-from-Ukrainian-troops-in-Lugansk-3908/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725035229/http://voiceofrussia.com/news/2014_07_11/Russian-journalists-come-under-fire-from-Ukrainian-troops-in-Lugansk-3908/|archivedate=25 July 2014|title=Russian journalists come fire from Ukrainian troops in Lugansk|publisher=voiceofrussia.com|date=11 July 2014|accessdate=28 July 2014}}</ref>
** Batalion Kalmius<ref name="thestar">{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com/news/world/2014/07/10/ukraine_rebels_face_drop_in_morale_whats_the_point_of_fighting.html|title=Ukraine rebels face drop in morale: 'What's the point of fighting?'|work=Toronto Star|author=Yuras Karmanau|date=10 July 2014|accessdate=28 July 2014}}</ref>
* Polisi Ukraina dan pembelot militer
* Serikat Pekerja Tambang<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/05/28/us-ukraine-crisis-miners-idUSKBN0E80VX20140528|title=Miners rally in favor of separatists in eastern Ukraine|agency=Reuters|date=28 May 2014|accessdate=29 April 2014|archive-date=2014-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140608060743/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/05/28/us-ukraine-crisis-miners-idUSKBN0E80VX20140528|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
'''[[Federasi Rusia]]'''
* [[Angkatan Bersenjata Rusia]]<ref name='np'>{{cite news|url=http://news.nationalpost.com/news/world/vladimir-putin-admits-for-first-time-russian-troops-took-over-crimea-refuses-to-rule-out-intervention-in-donetsk|title=Vladimir Putin admits for first time Russian troops took over Crimea, refuses to rule out intervention in Donetsk|author=Yuras Karmanau|author2=Vladimir Isachenkov|date=17 April 2014|work=National Post|agency=Associated Press|accessdate=10 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/ukraine-gets-new-evidence-of-russian-soldiers-fighting-on-its-turf-photos-361543.html|title=Ukraine gets new evidence of Russian soldiers fighting on its turf (PHOTOS)|work=Kyiv Post|date=21 August 2014|accessdate=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/russian-humanitarian-convoy-enters-ukraine-despite-warnings/2014/08/22/7b14fa8e-29e1-11e4-8593-da634b334390_story.html|title=NATO condemns Moscow's aid convoy, says Russian artillery firing at Ukrainian army|work=The Washington Post|date=22 August 2014|accessdate=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/08/22/us-ukraine-crisis-aid-convoy-idUSKBN0GM0IS20140822|title=Ukraine accuses Russia of invasion after aid convoy crosses border|agency=Reuters|date=22 August 2014|accessdate=22 August 2014|archive-date=2014-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822150641/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/08/22/us-ukraine-crisis-aid-convoy-idUSKBN0GM0IS20140822|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/23/world/europe/russia-moves-artillery-units-into-ukraine-nato-says.html?_r=1|title=Russia Moves Artillery Units into Ukraine, NATO Says|work=The New York Times|date=22 August 2014|accessdate=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2014/09/ukraine-mounting-evidence-war-crimes-and-russian-involvement/|title=Ukraine: Mounting evidence of war crimes and Russian involvement|publisher=Amnesty International|date=7 September 2014|accessdate=8 September 2014}}</ref>
* Paramiliter Chechen dan Rusia<ref name="NYchech">{{cite news | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/28/world/europe/ukraine.html?_r=0 | title=Russians Revealed Among Ukraine Fighters | work=The New York Times | date=27 May 2014 | accessdate=29 May 2014}}</ref>
| leadfigures3 =
Baris 60:
'''Hilang''': 340 prajurit<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rttnews.com/2465867/19-troops-killed-9-others-captured-during-withdrawal-from-debaltseve-ukraine.aspx?type=pn|title=19 Troops Killed, 9 Others Captured During Withdrawal From Debaltseve: Ukraine|date=5 March 2015|publisher=|accessdate=5 March 2015}}</ref>
 
'''Ditawan''': 2.663 prajurit<ref name="180ukrainian">{{cite web|url=http://en.molbuk.ua/podii-na-pivdennomu-shodi/88050-boyovyky-utrymuyut-u-poloni-180-ukrayinskykh-viyskovosluzhbovciv.html|title=Militants held in captivity 180 Ukrainian servicemen|accessdate=16 March 2015|archive-date=2015-04-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402103942/http://en.molbuk.ua/podii-na-pivdennomu-shodi/88050-boyovyky-utrymuyut-u-poloni-180-ukrayinskykh-viyskovosluzhbovciv.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
 
| casualties2 = '''Korban jiwa''': 1.400<ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://tass.ru/en/world/774959 |title=7,000 people killed during Donbas conflict — DPR representative] |access-date=2016-07-18 |archive-date=2018-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106142406/http://tass.ru/en/world/774959 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>–2,040,<ref>According to a report from 4 May 2015, the number of separatist deaths possibly exceeded the number of Ukrainian soldiers killed,[http://foreignpolicy.com/2015/05/04/out-of-kievs-hands/] which had been confirmed to be 2,040 as of 17 February 2015,[http://memorybook.org.ua/index.htm] making 2,040 a possible figure</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://sputniknews.com/europe/20150310/1019307525.html|title=Nuland Claims 400-500 Russian Soldiers Killed in Eastern Ukraine|publisher=Sputnik News|date=10 March 2015|accessdate=10 March 2015}}</ref> 46 aktivis<ref name="UkraineNationalists"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2014/02/27/Unrest-in-Crimea-leaves-2-dead-government-buildings-seized/6371393516263/|title=Unrest in Crimea leaves 2 dead; government buildings seized|agency=United Press International|accessdate=1 October 2014}}</ref><ref name="bchloro">{{cite news|author=Daria Marchak|author2=Michael Winfrey|url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2014-05-19/ukrainian-investigator-sees-chloroform-as-cause-of-odessa-deaths|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029034506/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2014-05-19/ukrainian-investigator-sees-chloroform-as-cause-of-odessa-deaths|archivedate=2014-10-29|title=Ukrainian Investigator Sees Chloroform as Cause of Odessa Deaths|work=Bloomberg BusinessWeek|date=19 May 2014|accessdate=12 June 2014}}</ref>
 
'''Ditawan''': 2.768 militan dan pendukung<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zn.ua/UKRAINE/milicii-donbassa-nuzhno-20-tys-chelovek-dlya-zameny-predateley-i-dezertirov-149826_.html|script-title=ru:Милиции Донбасса нужны 20 тыс. человек для замены предателей и дезертиров, - Аваков|trans-title=Donbass militia need 20 thousand people to replace traitors and deserters - Avakov|language=ru|date=29 July 2014|work=Mirror Weekly|accessdate=2 July 2015}}</ref>
Baris 79:
}}
 
Sejak'''Kerusuhan akhirpro-Rusia Februaridi Ukraina 2014,''' adalah sebuah peristiwa [[Unjuk rasa|demonstrasi]] oleh kelompok-kelompok [[Rusia|pro-Rusia]] dan anti- pemerintah berlangsung di kota-kota besar di seluruh [[Ukraina Timur|timur]] dan [[Ukraina Selatan|selatan]] wilayah [[Ukraina]], sebagai [[Krisis Ukraina 2013-2015|dampak]] dari gerakan [[Euromaidan]] dan [[Kerusuhan Euromaidan Februari 2014|revolusi Ukraina 2014]]. Dalam tahap awal kerusuhan, [[CrimeaKrimea]] [[AneksasiKrisis CrimeaKrimea oleh Federasi Rusia2014|dianeksasi]] oleh [[Rusia|Federasi Rusia]] setelah [[krisis CrimeaKrimea 2014|krisis di wilayah tersebut]], [[intervensi militer Rusia di Ukraina (2014-sekarang) |intervensi militer Rusia]], dan kritik internasional terhadap [[referendum statusReferendum CrimeaKrimea 2014|referendum]]. Protes di [[oblast Ukraina|oblast]] [[Oblast Donetsk|Donetsk]] dan [[Oblast Luhansk|Luhansk]] meningkat menjadi [[Perang di Donbass|pemberontakan separatis bersenjata]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/armed-pro-russian-insurgents-in-luhansk-say-they-are-ready-for-police-raid-343167.html | title=Armed pro-Russian insurgents in Luhansk say they are ready for police raid | work=Kyiv Post | date=12 April 2014 | last=Grytsenko | first=Oksana}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Peter Leonard|url=http://news.yahoo.com/kiev-government-deploy-troops-ukraines-east-232441379.html#|title=Kiev government to deploy troops in Ukraine's east|work=Yahoo News|agency=Associated Press|date=13 April 2014|accessdate=14 April 2014}}</ref>
Hal ini menyebabkan pemerintah Ukraina meluncurkan serangan militer balasan terhadap pemberontak, yang mengakibatkan terjadinya [[Perang di Donbass]].<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2641715/Russia-accuses-West-pushing-Ukraine-fratricidal-war-Chechen-leader-denies-sending-troops-help-pro-Moscow-forces.html|title = Russia accuses the West of pushing Ukraine into 'fratricidal war' as Chechen leader denies sending troops to help pro-Moscow forces|date = 28 May 2014|accessdate = 1 June 2014|work = [[Daily Mail]]|website = }}</ref> Dari akhir tahun 2014, kota di luar zona tempur Donbass, seperti [[Kharkov]], [[Odessa]], [[Kiev]], dan [[Mariupol]], diserang dengan pengeboman yang menargetkan organisasi persatuan pro-Ukraina.<ref name="Bombing Campaign Dec14">[http://www.rferl.org/content/ukraine-bombing-campaign-odesa-kharkiv-mariupol-kyiv/26783218.html News Analysis: Bombing Campaign Opens New Front In Battle For Ukraine], [[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] (January 09, 2015)</ref><ref name="Bomb Odesa 4115">[http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/06/world/europe/francois-hollande-says-destabilizing-sanctions-on-russia-must-stop-now.html French Leader Urges End to Sanctions Against Russia Over Ukraine], [[New York Times]] (5 January 2015)<br>[http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/latest-explosion-in-odessa-strikes-pro-ukraine-organization/514043.html Latest Explosion in Odessa Strikes Pro-Ukraine Organization (Video)], [[The Moscow Times]] (5 January 2015)<br>[http://mashable.com/2015/01/05/explosion-in-odessa-ukraine/ Mysterious bombing rocks Ukrainian port city of Odessa], [[Mashable]] (5 January 2015)</ref>
 
Hal ini menyebabkan [[pemerintah Ukraina]] meluncurkan serangan militer balasan terhadap pemberontak, yang mengakibatkan terjadinya [[Perang di DonbassDonbas]].<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2641715/Russia-accuses-West-pushing-Ukraine-fratricidal-war-Chechen-leader-denies-sending-troops-help-pro-Moscow-forces.html|title = Russia accuses the West of pushing Ukraine into 'fratricidal war' as Chechen leader denies sending troops to help pro-Moscow forces|date = 28 May 2014|accessdate = 1 June 2014|work = [[Daily Mail]]|website = }}</ref> Dari akhir tahun 2014, kota di luar zona tempur Donbass, seperti [[KharkovKharkiv]], [[OdessaOdesa]], [[KievKyiv]], dan [[Mariupol]], diserang dengan pengeboman yang menargetkan organisasi persatuan pro-Ukraina.<ref name="Bombing Campaign Dec14">[http://www.rferl.org/content/ukraine-bombing-campaign-odesa-kharkiv-mariupol-kyiv/26783218.html News Analysis: Bombing Campaign Opens New Front In Battle For Ukraine], [[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] (January 09, 2015)</ref><ref name="Bomb Odesa 4115">[http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/06/world/europe/francois-hollande-says-destabilizing-sanctions-on-russia-must-stop-now.html French Leader Urges End to Sanctions Against Russia Over Ukraine], [[New York Times]] (5 January 2015)<br>[http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/latest-explosion-in-odessa-strikes-pro-ukraine-organization/514043.html Latest Explosion in Odessa Strikes Pro-Ukraine Organization (Video)], [[The Moscow Times]] (5 January 2015)<br>[http://mashable.com/2015/01/05/explosion-in-odessa-ukraine/ Mysterious bombing rocks Ukrainian port city of Odessa], [[Mashable]] (5 January 2015)</ref>
==Referensi==
 
== Referensi ==
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{{Russian conflicts}}
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[[Kategori:Perang Rusia-Ukraina]]
[[Kategori:Sejarah Ukraina]]