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[[Berkas:Bowling_Balls_Beach_2_edit.jpg|class=cx-linter-tag|jmpl|Konkresi-Konkresi bongkah yang terlapukkan dari Batugamping berumur kenozoikum, california, Amerika Serikat.]]
[[Berkas:Конкреции_в_Западном_Казахстане._Concretions._Western_Kazakhstan.JPG|class=cx-linter-tag|jmpl|Konkresi di bagian barat [[Kazakhstan]] ]]
'''Konkresi''' adalah massa kompak yang keras, terbentuk dari presipitasi semen mineral di dalam rongga-rongga partikel, dan ditemukan di [[batuan sedimen]] atau [[tanah]]. Konkresi berbentuk seperti [[telur]] ataupun bulat, namun bentuk-bentuk iregular juga sering terjadi. Istilah 'konkresi' berasal dari [[bahasa latin]] ''Con ''yang artinya 'bersama' dan ''crescere ''yang artinya 'tumbuh'. Konkresi-konkresi terbentuk di perlapisan strata sedimen yang telah terendapkan terlebih dahulu. Mereka biasanya terbentuk lebih awal ketika terjadi penumpukkan sedimen, sebelum kemudian sedimen tersebut mengeras menjadi [[batu]]an. Semen konkresi ini sering menyebabkan konkresi lebih keras dan lebih tahan terhadap pelapukan dibanding perlapisan induknya.
Ada perbedaan penting antara konkresi dan [[nodula]]. Konkresi terbentuk dari presipitasi mineral di sekitar sejenis nukleus sedangkan nodula adalah tubuh yang tergantikan.
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* Al-Agha, M.R., S.D. Burley, C.D. Curtis, and J. Esson, 1995, ''Complex cementation textures and authigenic mineral assemblages in Recent concretions from the Lincolnshire Wash (east coast, UK) driven by Fe(0) Fe(II) oxidation'': Journal of the Geological Society, London, v. 152, pp. 157–171.
* Boles, J.R., C.A. Landis, and P. Dale, 1985, [http://jsedres.sepmonline.org/cgi/content/abstract/55/3/398 ''The Moeraki Boulders; anatomy of some septarian concretions'']:, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology. v. 55, n. 3, pp. 398–406.
* Chan, M.A. and W.T. Parry, 2002, [http://geology.utah.gov/online/pdf/pi-77.pdf '''Mysteries of Sandstone Colors and Concretions in Colorado Plateau Canyon Country'' PDF version, 468 KB] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827195324/http://www.geology.utah.gov/online/pdf/pi-77.pdf |date=2013-08-27 }}: Utah Geological Survey Public Information Series. n. 77, pp. 1–19.
* Chan, M.A., B.B. Beitler, W.T. Parry, J. Ormo, and G. Komatsu, 2005. [ftp://rock.geosociety.org/pub/GSAToday/gt0508.pdf ''Red Rock and Red Planet Diagenesis: Comparison of Earth and Mars Concretions'' PDF version, 3.4 MB] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180601203109/ftp://rock.geosociety.org/pub/GSAToday/gt0508.pdf |date=2018-06-01 }}: GSA Today, v. 15, n. 8, pp. 4–10.
* Davis, J.M., 1999, ''Oriented carbonate concretions in a paleoaquifer: Insights into geologic controls on fluid flow'': Water Resources Research, v. 35, p. 1705-1712.
* Hattin, D.E., 1982, ''Stratigraphy and depositional environment of the Smoky Hill Chalk Member, Niobrara Chalk (Upper Cretaceous) of the type area, western Kansas'': Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin 225:1-108.
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* Mozley, P.S., and Burns, S.J., 1993, ''Oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of marine carbonate concretions: an overview: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 63, p. 73-83.''
* Mozley, P.S., and Davis, J.M., 2005, ''Internal structure and mode of growth of elongate calcite concretions: Evidence for small-scale microbially induced, chemical heterogeneity in groundwater'': Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 117, 1400-1412.
* Pratt, B.R., 2001, "Septarian concretions: internal cracking caused by synsedimentary earthquakes": Sedimentology, v. 48, p.
* Raiswell, R., and Q.J. Fisher, 2000, ''Mudrock-hosted carbonate concretions: a review of growth mechanisms and their influence on chemical and isotopic composition'': Journal of Geological Society of London. v. 157, p.
* Scotchman, I.C., 1991, ''The geochemistry of concretions from the Kimmeridge Clay Formation of southern and eastern England'': Sedimentology. v. 38, pp.
* Thyne, G.D., and J.R. Boles, 1989, ''Isotopic evidence for origin of the Moeraki septarian concretions, New Zealand'': Journal of Sedimentary Petrology. v. 59, n. 2, pp.
* Voigt, E., 1968, ''Uber-Hiatus-Konkretion (dargestellt an Beispielen aus dem Lias)'': Geologische Rundschau. v. 58, pp.
* Wilson, M.A., 1985, ''Disturbance and ecologic succession in an Upper Ordovician cobble-dwelling hardground fauna'': Science. v. 228, pp.
* Wilson, M.A., and Taylor, P.D., 2001, ''Palaeoecology of hard substrate faunas from the Cretaceous Qahlah Formation of the Oman Mountains'': Palaeontology. v. 44, pp.
* Zaton, M., 2010, ''Hiatus concretions'': Geology Today. v. 26, pp. 186–189.
== Pranala luar ==
* Dietrich, R.V., 2002, [https://web.archive.org/web/20081202111650/http://www.cst.cmich.edu/users/dietr1rv/concretions/index.htm ''Carbonate Concretions--A Bibliography''], The Wayback Machine. and [http://condor.cmich.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/p1610-01coll1/id/3165/rec/4228 PDF file of ''Carbonate Concretions--A Bibliography''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217052538/http://condor.cmich.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/p1610-01coll1/id/3165/rec/4228 |date=2014-12-17 }}, CMU Online Digital Object Repository, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan.
* Biek, B., 2002, [https://www.dmr.nd.gov/ndgs/ndnotes/concretions/concretions.asp ''Concretions and Nodules in North Dakota''] North Dakota Geological Survey, Bismarck, North Dakota.
* Epoch Times Staff, 2007, [http://en.epochtimes.com/news/7-4-17/54224.html ''Mysterious Huge Stone Eggs Discovered in Hunan Province''] Epoch Times International. Photographs of large cannonball concretions recently found in Hunan Province, China.
* Everhart, M., 2004, [http://www.oceansofkansas.com/FieldGuide5.html ''A Field Guide to Fossils of the Smoky Hill ChalkPart 5: Coprolites, Pearls, Fossilized Wood and other Remains''] Part of the [http://www.oceansofkansas.com Oceans of Kansas] web site.
* Hansen, M.C., 1994, [http://www.ohiodnr.com/Portals/10/pdf/GeoFacts/geof04.pdf ''Ohio Shale Concretions'' PDF version, 270 KB] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216220206/http://www.ohiodnr.com/Portals/10/pdf/GeoFacts/geof04.pdf |date=2008-12-16 }} Ohio Division of Geological Survey GeoFacts n. 4, pp. 1–2.
* Hanson, W.D., and J.M. Howard, 2005, [http://geology.ar.gov/mis_pub_info/MP%2022%20Prim%20Boulders.pdf ''Spherical Boulders in North-Central Arkansas'' PDF version, 2.8 MB] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527173151/http://www.geology.ar.gov/mis_pub_info/MP%2022%20Prim%20Boulders.pdf |date=2010-05-27 }} Arkansas Geological Commission Miscellaneous Publication n. 22, pp. 1–23.
* Heinrich, P.V., 2007, [http://www.hgms.org/BBG/Aug07.pdf ''The Giant Concretions of Rock City Kansas'' PDF version, 836 KB] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020134413/http://www.hgms.org/BBG/Aug07.pdf |date=2016-10-20 }} BackBender's Gazette. vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 6–12.
* Hokianga Tourism Association, nd, [http://hokiangatourism.org.nz/activities/attractions/koutu-boulders ''Koutu Boulders ANY ONE FOR A GAME OF BOWLS?''] and [http://www.hokianga.net.nz/hokianga/koutu/koutu_boulders.htm ''Koutu Boulders, Hokianga Harbour, Northland, New Zealand''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014032805/http://www.hokianga.net.nz/hokianga/koutu/koutu_boulders.htm |date=2008-10-14 }} High-quality pictures of cannonball concretions.
* Irna, 2006, [http://irna.lautre.net/Tout-ce-que-la-nature-ne-peut-pas,45.html All that nature can never do, part IV: stone spheres] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303225759/http://irna.lautre.net/Tout-ce-que-la-nature-ne-peut-pas,45.html |date=2016-03-03 }}
* Irna, 2007a, [http://irna.lautre.net/Stone-balls-in-France-too.html Stone balls: in France too!] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713044420/http://irna.lautre.net/Stone-balls-in-France-too.html |date=2015-07-13 }}
* Irna, 2007b, [http://irna.lautre.net/Boules-de-pierre-en-Slovaquie.html Stone balls in Slowakia, Czech Republic and Poland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315043453/http://irna.lautre.net/Boules-de-pierre-en-Slovaquie.html |date=2008-03-15 }}
* Katz, B., 1998, [http://www.desertusa.com/mag98/oct/papr/geo_conc.html ''Concretions''] Digital West Media, Inc.
* Kuban, Glen J., 2006-2008. [http://paleo.cc/paluxy/nevada.htm Nevada Shoe Prints?]
Baris 63:
* Mozley, P.S., [http://allanmccollum.net/amcimages/mozley.html ''Concretions, bombs, and groundwater''], on-line version of an overview paper originally published by the New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources.
* United States Geological Survey, nd, [http://nd.water.usgs.gov/lewisandclark/points/concretions.html ''Cannonball concretion''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015163848/http://nd.water.usgs.gov/lewisandclark/points/concretions.html |date=2014-10-15 }}
* University of Utah, 2004, [http://unews.utah.edu/news_releases/earth-has-039blueberries039-like-mars/ ''Earth Has 'Blueberries' Like Mars 'Moqui Marbles' Formed in Groundwater in Utah's National Parks''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150802011237/http://unews.utah.edu/news_releases/earth-has-039blueberries039-like-mars/ |date=2015-08-02 }} press release about iron oxide and Martian concretions
[[Kategori:Mineralogi]]
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[[Kategori:Petrologi]]
[[Kategori:Batuan sedimen]]
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[[Kategori:Batu]]
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