[[Berkas:Lake Assal 3-Djibouti.jpg|jmpl|[[Danau Assal (Djibouti)|Danau Assal]], salah satu danau paling asin di luar benua Antarktika.]]
'''Danau hipersalin''' adalah sebuah [[perairan]] yang terkurung oleh daratan dan memiliki [[konsentrasi]] [[sodium klorida]] atau [[garam]] yang signifikan. Tingkat [[Keasinan|salinitas]] di danau-danau hipersalin dapat melampaui [[air samudera]] yang memiliki salinitas 3.5%.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Rich|first=Virginia I.|last2=Maier|first2=Raina M.|date=2015-01-01|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123946263000065|title=Environmental Microbiology (Third Edition)|location=San Diego|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=978-0-12-394626-3|editor-last=Pepper|editor-first=Ian L.|pages=134|language=en|doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-394626-3.00006-5|editor-last2=Gerba|editor-first2=Charles P.|editor-last3=Gentry|editor-first3=Terry J.|url-status=live}} Hypersaline environments have higher salinities than seawater (≈35‰) and may even be salt saturated.</ref> Akibat kandungan garam yang tinggi, air di danau-danau hipersalin mampu memberikan [[gaya apung]] yang besar.<ref>{{Cite web|last=TeamKlein|first=How It WorksChris|date=20142019-0412-1023|title=CanWhy you float better in thesalt Greatwater Saltthan Lake?in fresh water waves|url=https://www.howitworksdailywavepoolmag.com/canthe-youlowdown-floaton-buoyancy-in-thea-deadwave-seapool/|access-date=2020-10-08|website=HowWave ItPool WorksMagazine - For your curiosity and stoke|language=en-GBUS|access-date=2020-12-08}}</ref>
Danau hipersalin dapat ditemui di semua benua, terutama pada daerah-daerah yang kering.<ref name=Hammer1986/> Terdapat dua [[danau subglasial]] di [[Tudung es|Tudung Es]] [[Devon (periode)|Devon]], [[Arktik]] yang tergolong sebagai danau hipersalin.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Muzyka|first1=Kyle|title=Super salty lakes discovered in Canadian Arctic could provide window into life beyond Earth|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/university-alberta-scientist-subglacial-lakes-canada-arctic-1.4614626|accessdate=11 April 2018|work=[[CBC News]]|date=11 April 2018}}</ref> Sementara itu di [[Antarktika]], terdapat beberapa perairan hipersalin besar, sepertisalah satunya [[Danau Vanda]] di [[Lembah Kering McMurdo]] yang memiliki salinitas hingga 35% (10 kali lebih asin daripada air laut pada umumnya).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Priscu|first=John C.|last2=Priscu|first2=Linda R.|last3=Vincent|first3=Warwick F.|last4=Howard‐Williams|first4=Clive|date=1987|title=Photosynthate distribution by microplankton in permanently ice-covered Antarctic desert lakes1|url=https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.4319/lo.1987.32.1.0260|journal=Limnology and Oceanography|language=en|volume=32|issue=1|pages=260–270|doi=10.4319/lo.1987.32.1.0260|issn=1939-5590}}</ref Anoxia, relatively warm water, and high salinity (><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Dead10 Seatimes - Changethat Detection -of Earth Watching|url=https://earth.esa.int/web/earth-watching/change-detection/content/-/article/the-dead-sea|website=earth.esa.int|access-date=2020-12-02}}seawater in Lake Vanda)</ref>
Perairan paling asin di dunia adalah [[Kolam Gaet'ale]] di Depresi Danakil, Afar, [[Etiopia]]. Air di Kolam Gaet'ae dapat memiliki salinitas hingga 43%, atau sekitar 12 kali lebih asin daripada air laut.<ref name="perez">{{cite journal|last1=Perez|first1=Eduardo|last2=Chebude|first2=Yonas|date=April 2017|title=Chemical Analysis of Gaet’ale, a Hypersaline Pond in Danakil Depression (Ethiopia): New Record for the Most Saline Water Body on Earth|journal=Aquatic Geochemistry|volume=23|issue=2|pages=109–117|doi=10.1007/s10498-017-9312-z}}</ref> Perairan-perairan lain yang memiliki salinitas tinggi adalah [[Danau Assal (Djibouti)|Danau Assal]] di [[Djibouti]] yang memiliki salinitas hingga 34,8%,<ref name="Quinn2015" /> [[Laut Mati]] dengan salinitas 34.2% pada tahun 2010, dan [[Danau Garam Besar]] di negara bagian [[Utah]], AS dengan salinitas 5–27%. Laut Mati yang terletak di perbatasan antara [[Israel]], [[Palestina (wilayah)|Palestina]], dan [[Yordania]] merupakan danau hipersalin yang paling terkenal sekaligus terdalam di dunia,.<ref>{{Cite sementarajournal|last=Stiehl|first=Thorsten|last2=Rullkötter|first2=Jürgen|last3=Nissenbaum|first3=Arie|date=2005-09-01|title=Molecular [[Lagunaand Araruama]]isotopic dicharacterization [[Brasil|Brazil]]of menjadilipids yangin terbesar.<refcultured namehalophilic microorganisms from the Dead Sea and comparison with the sediment record of this hypersaline lake|url="EncBr1986"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146638005001129|journal=Organic Geochemistry|language=en|volume=36|issue=9|pages=1242–1251|doi=10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.05.002|issn=0146-6380}}</ref> Danau Garam Besar di [[Utah]] memiliki [[luas permukaan]] tiga kali lebih besar daripada Laut Mati, tetapi memiliki dasar yang lebih dangkal dan mengalami fluktuasi salinitas yang lebih besar. Salinitas paling tinggi yang pernah tercatat adalah 729% atau sekitar 8,728 kali salinitas air laut pada tahun 1963, ketika ketinggian muka air di danau ini mencapai titik terendahnya. SalinitasKetika tinggi muka air di Danau Garam Besar berada pada titik tertingginya, salinitas air danau akan menurun drastis ketikahingga tinggimencapai muka6% atau hanya 1,7 kali lebih asin daripada air naiklaut.<ref>{{Cite namejournal|last="Allred"Stephens|first=Doyle W.|date=1990|editor-last=Comín|editor-first=Franciso A.|editor2-last=Northcote|editor2-first=Thoma G.|title=Changes in lake levels, salinity and the biological community of Great Salt Lake (Utah, USA), 1847–1987|url=https:/><ref/link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-94-009-0603-7_13|journal=Saline nameLakes|series="Kjeldsen"Developments in Hydrobiology|language=en|location=Dordrecht|publisher=Springer Netherlands|volume=|issue=|pages=140|doi=10.1007/>978-94-009-0603-7_13|isbn=978-94-009-0603-7}} The brine
has contained as much as 29 percent salt when the lake was at its historic low in 1963, but when the lake peaked in 1986, the salinity of the main southern part of the lake was about 6 percent.</ref>
== Referensi ==
<ref name=Quinn2015>{{cite book |editor-last1=Quinn |editor-first1=Joyce A. |editor-last2=Woodward |editor-first2=Susan L.|title=Earth's Landscape: An Encyclopedia of the World's Geographic Features [2 volumes] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ErkxBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA9 |year=2015 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-61069-446-9 |page=9}}</ref>
<ref name=EncBr1986>{{cite encyclopedia |editor-last=Goetz |editor-first=P.W. |title=The New Encyclopædia Britannica |edition=15th |volume=3 |page=937 |year=1986}}</ref>
<ref name=Allred>{{cite web | url=http://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/extreme/hypersaline/index.html |title=Microbial life in hypersaline environments |last=Allred |first=Ashley |last2=Baxter |first2=Bonnie |publisher=Science Education Resource Center at [[Carleton College]] |accessdate=2010-06-17}}</ref>
<ref name=Kjeldsen>{{cite journal | pmid=17367515 | title=Diversity of sulfate-reducing bacteria from an extreme hypersaline sediment, Great Salt Lake (Utah) |last1=Kjeldsen |first1=K.U. |last2=Loy |first2=A. |last3=Jakobsen |first3=T.F. |last4=Thomsen |first4=T.R. |last5=Wagner |first5=M. |last6=Ingvorsen |first6=K. |doi=10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00288.x |volume=60 |issue=2 |date=May 2007 |journal=FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. |pages=287–298 |display-authors=4|doi-access=free }}</ref>
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