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{{Infobox saint
|name=PasturPastor DamianDamien<br /><small>Santo Damien dari MolokaiMoloka{{okina}}i</small>
|birth_date={{birth date|1840|1|3|mf=y}}<br />[[Tremelo]], [[Belgia]]
|death_date={{death date and age|1889|4|15|1840|1|3|mf=y}}<br />[[Kalaupapa, Hawaii|Kalaupapa]], [[Molokai|Moloka{{okina}}i]], [[Hawaii|Hawai{{okina}}i]]
|feast_day=10 Mei, (umum); 15 April (di Hawai{{okina}}i dan E.C. USA)
|ordained=May 21, 1864
Baris 8:
|image=FatherDamien.jpeg
|imagesize=200px
|caption=Santo damianDamien. adalah misionarisMisionaris katolik yang melayani penderita [[kusta]] di pulau [[Molokai|Moloka{{okina}}i]] kepulauan [[Hawaii|Hawai{{okina}}i]].
|titles=Santo
|beatified_date=June 4, 1995
|beatified_place= [[Basilica of the Sacred Heart]] ([[Koekelberg]]), [[Brussels]]
|beatified_by=[[Paus JohanesYohanes Paulus II]]
|canonized_date=11 Oktober 2009
|canonized_place=[[Roma]]
|canonized_by=[[Paus Benediktus XVI]]
|patronage=Penderita [[kusta]]
|major_shrine=[[Leuven]], [[Belgia]] (relief tubuhnya)<br /><small>[[Molokai|Moloka{{okina}}i]], [[Hawaii|Hawai{{okina}}i]] (relief tangannya)</small>
|suppressed_date=
|issues=
|prayer=
}}
[[File:Father Damien's signature 1880.svg|thumb|220px|Tanda tangan Santo Damian]]
 
'''PasturPastor DamianDamien''' oratau '''Santo DamianDamien dari MolokaiMoloka{{okina}}i''', SS.CC. ({{lang-nl|Pater Damiaan}} atau ''{{lang|nl|Heilige Damiaan van MolokaiMoloka{{okina}}i}}''; January Lahir pada (3, January 1840 – 15 April 15, 1889<ref name="aocgov"/>), lahir '''Jozef De Veuster''', adalah seorang pastur Katolik dari [[Belgia]] yang masuk dalam [[konggerasi]] [[Hati Yesus yang Maha Kudus]],<ref name="cathency3aocgov">{{CathEncycite web |wstitleurl=Congregationhttp://www.aoc.gov/cc/art/nsh/damien.cfm of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary and of the Perpetual Adoration of the Blessed Sacrament of the Altar| title=Father Damien|work=Congregation ofCapitol theCampus/Art Sacred|publisher=The Hearts of Jesus and Mary andArchitect of the PerpetualCapitol Adoration of the Blessed Sacrament of the Altar| first =William | last =De Broeck| authorlink = | accessdate =20092010-0207-21 }}</ref>.
 
HeIa wonmendapat recognitionpenghargaan foratas hispelayanannya ministrykepada to people withpenderita [[leprosykusta]] (alsoyang knowntelah asdiasingkan Hansen'sdi disease), who had been placed under a government-sanctioned medical quarantine on the island ofpulau [[Molokai|Moloka{{okina}}i]] in thekepulauan [[Kingdom of Hawaii|Kingdom of Hawai{{okina}}i]].<ref name= Tayman>{{Cite book| last = Tayman| first = John| title = The Colony: The Harrowing True Story of the Exiles of Molokai| publisher = Simon and Schuster| year = 2007| location = New York| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=rKUaLE6s1lgC&dq | isbn = 978-0-7432-3301-9}}</ref> Setelah 16 tahun membantu secara fisik, spiritual serta penghiburan kepada penderita [[kusta]], akhirnya Ia pun tertular penyakit tersebut sampai meninggal.
 
Baik gereja timur dan gereja latin memuliakan Damien sebagai seorang [[Santo]]. Gereja [[Anglikan]] dan beberapa [[denominasi]] kristen lainnya menganggap Damien sebagai pelindung kaum kusta serta pelindung orang buangan. Sebagai Santo pelindung di [[keuskupan]] Honolulu dan Hawaii, hari Santo Damien diperingati setiap tanggal 15 April. Damien di[[beatifikasi]] oleh [[Paus Yohanes Paulus II]], pada tanggal 4 Juni 1995 dan di [[kanonisasi]] oleh Paus Benediktus XVI pada tanggal 11 Oktober 2009.<ref name=CNA>{{cite web |url=http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/apostle_of_the_lepers_spanish_mystic_among_10_to_be_canonized/ |title=‘Apostle of the Lepers,’ Spanish mystic among 10 to be canonized|work= Catholic News Agency |publisher=www.catholicnewsagency.com |accessdate=2010-07-21 }}</ref><ref name=VR>{{cite web |url=http://storico.radiovaticana.org/en1/storico/2009-10/324616_pope_proclaims_five_new_saints.html |title=Pope Proclaims Five New Saints |publisher=Radio Vaticana |accessdate=2010-07-21 }}</ref> Dalam Ensiklopedia katolik, Ia dikenal sebagai Rasul kaum kusta.<ref name="cathency">{{CathEncy |wstitle=Father_Damien_(Joseph_de_Veuster) |title=Father Damien (Joseph De Veuster) |first=Libert H. |last=Boeynaems |accessdate=2009-02-21}}</ref>
After sixteen years caring for the physical, spiritual, and emotional needs of those in the [[leper colony]], he eventually contracted and died of the disease, and is widely considered a "[[martyr of charity]]". He was the tenth person recognized as a saint by the Catholic Church to have lived, worked, and/or died in what is now the United States.<ref>''See:'' [[List of American saints and beatified people #List of American saints]].</ref>
 
== Masa muda ==
In both the [[Latin Rite]] and the [[Eastern Catholic Churches|Eastern Rite]]s of the Catholic Church, Damien is venerated as a [[saint]], one who is holy and worthy of public veneration and invocation. In the [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] communion, as well as other denominations of [[Christianity]], Damien is considered the spiritual patron for leprosy and outcasts. As the [[patron saint]] of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu|Diocese of Honolulu]] and of [[Hawaii|Hawai{{okina}}i]], Father Damien Day is celebrated statewide on April 15. Upon his [[beatification]] by [[Pope John Paul II]] in [[Rome]] on June 4, 1995, Blessed Damien was granted a memorial [[Calendar of saints|feast day]], which is celebrated on May 10. Father Damien was [[Canonization|canonized]] by [[Pope Benedict XVI]] on Sunday October 11, 2009.<ref name=CNA>{{cite web |url=http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/apostle_of_the_lepers_spanish_mystic_among_10_to_be_canonized/ |title=‘Apostle of the Lepers,’ Spanish mystic among 10 to be canonized|work= Catholic News Agency |publisher=www.catholicnewsagency.com |accessdate=2010-07-21 }}</ref><ref name=VR>{{cite web |url=http://storico.radiovaticana.org/en1/storico/2009-10/324616_pope_proclaims_five_new_saints.html |title=Pope Proclaims Five New Saints |publisher=Radio Vaticana |accessdate=2010-07-21 }}</ref> The ''[[Catholic Encyclopedia]]'' calls him "the Apostle of the Lepers",<ref name="cathency">{{CathEncy |wstitle=Father_Damien_(Joseph_de_Veuster) |title=Father Damien (Joseph De Veuster) |first=Libert H. |last=Boeynaems |accessdate=2009-02-21}}</ref> and elsewhere he is known as the "leper priest".
Damien lahir 3 Januari 1840 dengan nama Jozef ("Jef") De Veuster, anak ke tujuh dari pasangan Joannes Franciscus ("Frans") De Veuster dan istrinya Anne-Catherine ("Cato") Wouters di desa Tremelo, Belgia. Setelah lulus dari sekolah [[Braine-le-Comte]], Ia masuk [[novisiat]] Hati Kudus Yesus dan Maria di [[Leuven]].<ref name=colp/>
 
Mengikuti jejak saudara-saudarinya, Damien menjadi [[Bruder]] pada tanggal 7 Oktober 1860. Banyak para senior yang menganggap Ia tidak pantas menjadi calon [[Imam]] karena pendidikannya kurang. Namun, Ia bukannya kurang pandai. Ia banyak belajar dari saudaranya, khususnya [[bahasa latin]], akhirnya Ia pun diijinkan untuk menjadi Imam. Sepanjang pendidikan Imamatnya, Ia setiap hari berdoa supaya dapat menjadi seorang misionaris.<ref name="OW">{{cite web|url=http://www.ssccpicpus.com/pag.aspx?ln=en&id=87|title=Blessed Damian De Veuster|date=2007-05-10|publisher=[[Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary]]|accessdate=2009-02-21|work=Biography}}</ref> Tiga tahun kemudian, doanya terjawab, saat terjadi wabah [[kusta]], Damien diminta untuk pergi ke [[Hawaii|Hawai{{okina}}i]].
==Early life==
Damien was born Jozef ("Jef") De Veuster, the seventh child and fourth son of the [[Flemish people|Flemish]] corn merchant Joannes Franciscus ("Frans") De Veuster and his wife Anne-Catherine ("Cato") Wouters in the village of [[Tremelo]] in [[Flemish Brabant]]. He attended college at [[Braine-le-Comte]], then entered the [[novitiate]] of the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary in [[Leuven]], taking the name of Brother Damianus (Damiaan in Dutch, Damien in French) in his first vows, presumably in reference to the first [[Saints Cosmas and Damian|Saint Damian]].<ref name=colp/>
 
== Misi ke Hawai{{okina}}i ==
Following in the footsteps of his sisters Eugénie and Pauline (who became nuns) and brother Auguste (Father Pamphile), Damien became a Picpus Brother on October 7, 1860. His superiors thought that he was not a good candidate for the priesthood because he lacked education. However, he was not considered unintelligent. Because he learned [[Latin]] well from his brother, his superiors decided to allow him to become a priest. During his ecclesiastical studies, he would pray every day before a picture of St. [[Francis Xavier]], patron of missionaries, to be sent on a mission.<ref name= canvas/><ref name="OW">{{cite web|url=http://www.ssccpicpus.com/pag.aspx?ln=en&id=87|title=Blessed Damian De Veuster|date=2007-05-10|publisher=[[Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary]]|accessdate=2009-02-21|work=Biography}}</ref> Three years later his prayer was answered when, because of illness, Auguste could not travel to Hawaii as a missionary, and Damien was allowed to take his place.
[[Berkas:Father Damien in 1878.jpg|jmpl|kiri|160px|Pastor Damien tahun 1873 sebelum berangkat ke Moloka{{okina}}i]]
 
Pada tanggal 19 Maret 1864, Damien mendarat di pelabuhan [[Honolulu]] sebagai [[misionaris]]. Disana, Ia di[[tahbis]]kan menjadi [[imam]] pada tanggal 21 Mei 1864 di [[katedral]] ''Our Lady of Peace''.<ref>{{cite book|last = Eynikel|first = Hilde|title = Damiaan: De Definitieve Biografie|publisher = Davidsfond|location = Leuven|page=82|year = 1997|isbn = 978-90-6152-586-8}}</ref> Pada tahun 1865 Ia ditunjuk menjadi misionaris katolik di Kohala utara di pulau Hawaii.
==Mission to Hawaii==
[[File:Father Damien in 1873.jpg|thumb|160px|Father Damien in 1873 before he set off for Moloka{{okina}}i]]
On March 19, 1864, Damien landed at [[Honolulu Harbor]] in [[downtown Honolulu]] as a missionary. There, Damien was ordained to the priesthood on May 21, 1864, at the [[Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace]], a church established by his religious order.<ref>{{cite book | last = Eynikel | first = Hilde | title = Damiaan: De Definitieve Biografie | publisher = Davidsfond | location = Leuven|page=82| year = 1997 | isbn = 978-90-6152-586-8}}</ref> In 1865, he was assigned to the [[Sacred Heart Catholic Church in Hawi|Catholic Mission in North Kohala]] on the [[Hawaii (island)|island of Hawaii]].
 
Pada waktu Pastor Damien melayani di beberapa paroki di kepulauan O{{okina}}ahu, terjadi wabah di Hawai{{okina}}i. Penduduk Hawai{{okina}}i terserang wabah penyakit yang ditularkan oleh pedagang-pedagang asing serta para pelaut. Ribuan orang mati karena [[influensa]], [[sipilis]] termasuk juga wabah [[kusta]]. Pada saat itu [[kusta]] adalah penyakit yang tidak bisa disembuhkan. Pada tahun 1865, dikarenakan takut oleh penyebaran wabah kusta tersebut, pemerintah Hawai{{okina}}i mengesahkan "Tindakan pencegahan penyebaran penyakit kusta"" dengan cara mengasingkan para penderita kusta ke pengasingan yang dikenal dengan [[Kalaupapa]] dan [[Kalawao]] di Moloka{{okina}}i. Lebih dari 8,000 orang diasingkan ke sana dari tahun 1866 sampai 1969. Mereka di beri persediaan makanan, tapi tidak ada tenaga yang menangani kesehatan mereka.<ref name = Tayman/> Pemerintah menyuruh para penderita untuk bercocok tanam sendiri, tapi karena kondisi alam dan juga penyakit mereka, hal itu hampir mustahil dilakukan. Pada tahun 1868, menurut Ensiklopedia katolik (1911) banyak orang menjadi berperilaku mabuk-mabukan dan berbuat cabul. Orang-orang yang tadinya baik berubah drastis.<ref name="cathency2">{{CathEncy|wstitle=Molokai| title = Molokai |first =Joseph| last =Dutton| authorlink = | accessdate =2009-02-21}}</ref>
While Father Damien was serving in several parishes on the island of [[Oahu|O{{okina}}ahu]], the Kingdom of Hawai{{okina}}i was facing a [[public health]] crisis. The [[Native Hawaiians]] became afflicted by diseases introduced to [[Hawaiian Islands|their islands]] by foreign traders and sailors. Thousands died of [[influenza]], [[syphilis]] and other ailments which had never before affected them. This included the plight of leprosy (Hansen's disease). At the time, leprosy was thought to be highly contagious (we now know that 95% of the general population has immunity) and was thought to be incurable. In 1865, fearful of its spread, the Hawai{{okina}}i Legislature passed and [[Kamehameha V|King Kamehameha V]] approved, the "Act to Prevent the Spread of Leprosy" which quarantined the lepers of the kingdom and moved them to settlement colonies known as [[Kalaupapa, Hawaii|Kalaupapa]] and [[Kalawao, Hawaii|Kalawao]] at the east end of the Kalaupapa peninsula on Moloka{{okina}}i. [[Kalawao County, Hawaii|Kalawao County]], where the village is situated, is divided from the rest of the island by a steep mountain ridge, and even today the only land access is by a mule track. Over 8,000 people were sent to the Kalaupapa peninsula from 1866 to 1969. The Royal Board of Health provided the quarantined people with supplies and food but did not yet have the resources to offer proper healthcare. According to documents from the time, the Kingdom of Hawaii did not plan the settlement to be in disarray but did not provide sufficient resources and medical help.<ref name = Tayman/> They planned on the inhabiting sufferers to grow their own crops, but because of the nature of the environment and their sickness, it was nearly impossible. By 1868, according to the ''Catholic Encyclopedia'' (1911), "Drunken and lewd conduct prevailed. The easy-going, good-natured people seemed wholly changed."<ref name="cathency2">{{CathEncy|wstitle=Molokai| title = Molokai |first =Joseph| last =Dutton| authorlink = | accessdate =2009-02-21}}</ref>
 
Sementara itu Uskup [[Louis Désiré Maigret]], meyakini bahwa bagaimanapun juga penderita justa membutuhkan imam untuk melayani kebutuhan mereka, tetapi Ia sadar bahwa jika Ia menugaskan secara resmi imam untuk tugas itu, Ia bisa dihukum mati, maka Ia tidak mengirim orang sesuai garis kepatuhan, melainkan meminta sukarelawan untuk dikirim kesana. Akhirnya ada 4 imam yang dengan sukarela mau dikirim. Pastor Damien adalah sukarelawan pertama dan pada 10 Mei 1873 Ia sampai di Kalaupapa, dan dibawa menemui 816 penderita kusta yang tinggal di sana. Langkah pertama yang dilakukan Pastor Damien adalah membangun gereja dan mendirikan paroki yang diberi nama paroki Santo [[Philomena]]. Di sana, Ia tidak hanya menjadi imam. Ia membersihkan luka, membangun rumah dan tempat tinggal, membuat peti mati, serta menggali kubur.<ref name= colp>{{cite web |url=http://cathedralofourladyofpeace.com/damien.htm |work=Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace |title=Saint Damien - Servant of God, Servant of Humanity |publisher=Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace |accessdate=2010-07-21 |archive-date=2005-03-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050311012310/http://cathedralofourladyofpeace.com/damien.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
[[File:fatherdamienwithlepers.jpg|thumb|left|Father Damien, seen here with the Kalawao Girls Choir during the 1870s.]]
While Bishop [[Louis Désiré Maigret]], [[Apostolic vicariate|vicar apostolic]], believed that the lepers at the very least needed a priest to minister to their needs, he realized that this assignment could potentially be a death sentence, and thus did not want to send any one person "in the name of obedience". After prayerful thought, four priests volunteered. The bishop's plan was for the volunteers to take turns assisting the distressed. Father Damien was the first to volunteer and on May 10, 1873, Father Damien arrived at the secluded settlement at Kalaupapa, where Bishop Maigret presented him to the 816 lepers living there. Damien's first course of action was to build a church and establish the Parish of Saint [[Philomena]]. His role was not limited to being a priest: he dressed ulcers, built homes and beds, built coffins and dug graves.<ref name= colp>{{cite web |url=http://cathedralofourladyofpeace.com/damien.htm |work=Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace |title=Saint Damien - Servant of God, Servant of Humanity|publisher=Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace |accessdate=2010-07-21 }}</ref> Six months after his arrival at Kalawao he wrote his brother, Pamphile, in Europe:
 
=== Misi di Molokai ===
<blockquote>...I make myself a leper with the lepers to gain all to [[Jesus]] Christ.</blockquote>
Sementara Uskup Louis Désiré Maigret, vikaris apostolik Keuskupan Honolulu, percaya bahwa para penderita kusta membutuhkan seorang imam Katolik untuk membantu mereka, ia menyadari bahwa tugas ini memiliki risiko tinggi. Dia tidak ingin mengirim satu orang pun "atas nama ketaatan". Setelah banyak berdoa, empat imam mengajukan diri untuk pergi, di antaranya Pastor Damien. Uskup merencanakan agar para sukarelawan bergiliran membantu penduduk.
 
Pada tanggal 10 Mei 1873, relawan pertama, Pastor Damien, tiba di pemukiman terpencil di Kalaupapa, di mana saat itu terdapat 600 penderita kusta,[8] dan dibawa oleh Uskup Louis Maigret. Pada saat kedatangannya, dia berbicara kepada para penderita kusta yang berkumpul sebagai "seseorang yang akan menjadi ayah bagimu, dan yang sangat mencintaimu sehingga dia tidak ragu untuk menjadi salah satu dari kamu; untuk hidup dan mati bersamamu."
Damien's arrival is seen by some as a turning point for the community. Under his leadership, basic laws were enforced, shacks became painted houses, working farms were organized and schools were erected. At his own request, and that of the lepers, Father Damien remained on Moloka{{okina}}i.<ref name= Tayman/>
 
Damien bekerja dengan mereka untuk membangun gereja dan mendirikan Paroki Saint Philomena. Selain melayani sebagai imam, ia mendandani borok warga, membangun waduk, membangun rumah dan perabotan, membuat peti mati, dan menggali kuburan.<ref>{{Cite book|date=2022-01-13|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2b07ttv.16|title=Hereford Cathedral – Lady Chapel Hereford Cathedral – Lady Chapel|publisher=Archaeopress Publishing Ltd|pages=62–64}}</ref> Enam bulan setelah kedatangannya di Kalawao, ia menulis kepada saudaranya, Pamphile, di Eropa: "...Saya menjadikan diri saya penderita kusta bersama para penderita kusta untuk memperoleh segalanya bagi Yesus Kristus.
==Illness and death==
[[File:Father Damien on his deathbed.jpg|200px|thumb|Father Damien on his deathbed]]
[[File:Father Damien on his funeral bier with Mother Marianne Cope by his side.jpg|200px|thumb|Mother Marianne Cope standing beside Father Damien's funeral [[bier]]]]
In December 1884 while preparing to bathe, Damien inadvertently put his foot into scalding water, causing his skin to blister. He felt nothing.<ref name= Tayman/> Damien had contracted leprosy. Despite this discovery, residents say that Damien worked vigorously to build as many homes as he could and planned for the continuation of the programs he created after he was gone.
 
Selama waktu ini, Pastor Damien merawat para penderita kusta dan mendirikan pemimpin-pemimpin dalam masyarakat untuk meningkatkan taraf hidup. Pastor Damien membantu koloni itu dengan mengajar, mengecat rumah, mengatur pertanian, dan mengatur pembangunan kapel, jalan, rumah sakit, dan gereja. Dia juga mendandani penduduk, menggali kuburan, membuat peti mati, makan makanan dengan tangan dengan penderita kusta, berbagi pipa dengan mereka, dan hidup dengan penderita kusta secara setara. Pastor Damien juga melayani sebagai imam selama ini dan menyebarkan iman Katolik kepada para penderita kusta; dikatakan bahwa Pastor Damien mengatakan kepada para penderita kusta bahwa terlepas dari apa yang dunia luar pikirkan tentang mereka, mereka selalu berharga di mata Tuhan.
[[Masanao Goto]], a Japanese leprologist, came to [[Honolulu]] in 1885 and treated Father Damien. It was his theory that [[leprosy]] was caused by a diminution of the blood, and his treatment consisted of nourishing food, moderate exercise, frequent friction to the benumbed parts, special ointments and medical baths. The treatments did, indeed, relieve some of the symptoms and were very popular with the Hawaiian patients. Father Damien had faith in the treatments and stated that he wished to be treated by no one but Dr. Masanao Goto.<ref>{{Cite news| title = THE LEPERS OF MOLOKAI| newspaper = The New York Times| location = New York | page = 13 | publisher = The New York Times Company | date = May 26, 1889 | url = http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?_r=1&res=9C00E7D61E38E533A25755C2A9639C94689FD7CF | accessdate =2010-07-21 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| last = Daws| first = Gavan| title = Holy Man: Father Damien of Moloki | publisher = University of Hawaii Press | year = 1984| page = 162 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=ycb1yBq7SYQC| isbn =978-0-8248-0920-1 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| last = Edmond| first = Rod| title = Leprosy and empire: a medical and cultural history| publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 2006| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=15U9YIr1masC| isbn = 978-0-521-86584-5}}</ref>
 
Beberapa sejarawan percaya bahwa Pastor Damien adalah katalis untuk titik balik bagi komunitas. Di bawah kepemimpinannya, hukum dasar ditegakkan, gubuk-gubuk ditingkatkan dan diperbaiki seperti rumah-rumah yang dicat, pertanian yang bekerja diorganisir, dan sekolah-sekolah didirikan. Atas permintaannya dan para penderita kusta, Pastor Damien tetap berada di Molokaʻi.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tayman|first=John|date=2006|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/59279820|title=The Colony|location=New York|publisher=Scribner|isbn=978-0-7432-3300-2|oclc=59279820}}</ref> Namun, banyak catatan seperti itu mengabaikan peran pengawas yang merupakan orang Hawaii atau sebagian orang Hawaii. Pennie Moblo menyatakan bahwa sampai akhir abad ke-20, sebagian besar laporan sejarah dari pelayanan Damien mengungkapkan bias orang Eropa dan Amerika, dan hampir sepenuhnya mengabaikan peran penduduk asli di Molokaʻi.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Moblo|first=Pennie|date=1997|title=Blessed Damien of Moloka'i: The Critical Analysis of Contemporary Myth|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/482885|journal=Ethnohistory|volume=44|issue=4|pages=691|doi=10.2307/482885|issn=0014-1801}}</ref>
Dr. Goto was one of his best friends<ref>{{cite web |url=http://staugustinebythesea.com/Damien_of_Molokai.htm |work= St. Augustine by-the-sea Roman Catholic Church|title= St. Damien of Molokai: Servant of God - Servant of Humanity |publisher=St. Augustine-by-the-Sea |accessdate=2010-07-21 }}</ref> and Damien's last trip to Honolulu on July 10, 1886, was made to receive treatment from him.
 
Namun, dapat ditegaskan bahwa Pennie Moblo tidak memperhitungkan pemisahan otoritas sipil dan otoritas agama. Seperti kebiasaan pada masa itu, Pdt. Pekerjaan Damien dilaporkan ke Eropa dan Amerika untuk mengumpulkan dana untuk misi. Bagaimana koloni itu diperintah akan berada di luar lingkup catatan tertulis dan tidak penting untuk mengumpulkan dana bagi karya-karya amal Pastor Damien.
In his last years Damien engaged in a flurry of activity. While continuing his charitable ministrations, he hastened to complete his many building projects, enlarge his orphanages, and organize his work. Help came from four strangers who came to Kalaupapa to help the ailing missionary: a priest, a soldier, a male nurse, and a nun.{{Citation needed|date=October 2009}}
 
=== Pengakuan selama hidupnya ===
[[File:Fatherdamiengrave.jpg|thumb|200px|The [[leprosy]] patients of Moloka{{okina}}i gathered around Father Damien's grave in mourning.]]
Raja David Kalākaua menganugerahkan kepada Damien kehormatan "Komandan Ksatria Ordo Kerajaan Kalākaua."<ref>{{Cite book|last=Wilcox|first=Earley Vernon|date=1910|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.54087|title=Report of Fruit growing and truck farming commission (pursuant to Joint resolution no. 1 of the 1909 session of the Legislature of Hawaii)|location=Honolulu,|publisher=Hawaiian star print,}}</ref> Ketika Putri Mahkota Lydia Liliʻuokalani mengunjungi pemukiman untuk menyerahkan medali, dia dilaporkan terlalu putus asa dan patah hati saat melihat warga untuk membacakan pidatonya. Sang putri membagikan pengalamannya, memuji upaya Damien.<ref>{{Cite book|date=1977-12-31|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780824887506-040|title=[39] ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON. Travels in Hawaii. Edited and with an introduction by A. Grove Day. Illus. Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii, 1973|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|pages=70–72}}</ref> Akibatnya, Damien menjadi dikenal secara internasional di Amerika Serikat dan Eropa. Protestan Amerika mengumpulkan sejumlah besar uang untuk pekerjaan misionaris. Gereja Inggris mengirim makanan, obat-obatan, pakaian, dan persediaan ke pemukiman. Diyakini bahwa Damien tidak pernah mengenakan medali kerajaan, meskipun medali itu ditempatkan di sisinya saat pemakamannya.[[Berkas:Father Damien with the Kalawao Girls Choir, at Kalaupapa, Molokai, circa 1878.jpg|jmpl|Pastor Damien, terlihat di sini bersama Paduan Suara Kalawao Girls selama tahun 1870-an.]]
Louis Lambert Conrardy was a Belgian priest. Mother [[Marianne Cope]] had been the head of the [[Franciscan]]-run St Joseph's Hospital in [[Syracuse, New York]]. Joseph Dutton was an [[American Civil War]] soldier who left behind a marriage that had been broken by [[alcoholism]]. James Sinnett was a nurse from [[Chicago]]. Conrardy took up pastoral duties; Cope organized a working hospital; Dutton attended to the construction and maintenance of the community's buildings; Sinnett nursed Damien in the last phases of the disease. An arm in a sling, a foot in bandages and his leg dragging, Damien knew death was near. He was bedridden on March 23, 1889, and on March 30 he made a general confession and renewed his vows. On April 1, he received [[Viaticum|Holy Viaticum]] and on April 2, [[Anointing of the Sick (Catholic Church)|Extreme Unction]].{{Citation needed|date=October 2009}}
 
== Sakit dan meninggal karena kusta ==
Father Damien died of leprosy at 8:00 am on April 15, 1889, aged 49. The next day, after [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] by Father Moellers at St. Philomena's, the whole settlement followed the funeral cortège to the cemetery where Damien was laid to rest under the same [[Pandanus]] tree where he first slept upon his arrival on Moloka{{okina}}i.{{Citation needed|date=October 2009}}
 
[[Berkas:Father Damien on his deathbed.jpg|200px|jmpl|kiri|Damien di ranjang tempat Ia meninggal]]
In January 1936, at the request of the [[Politics of Belgium|Belgian government]], Damien's body was returned to his native land. It was brought back aboard the Belgian sailing ship ''[[Mercator (ship)|Mercator]]'' and now rests in Leuven, an historic university city close to the village where Damien was born. After his beatification in June 1995, the remains of his right hand were returned to Hawai{{okina}}i, and re-interred in his original grave on Moloka{{okina}}i.<ref name="starbulletin.com">{{Cite news| title = The Life of Father Damien| newspaper = The Star-Bulletin| location = Honolulu, Hawaii| pages = | language = | date = October 7, 2009 }}</ref>
Bulan Desember 1884, saat Damien sedang bersiap untuk mandi, tidak sengaja kaki Damien tercelup air panas yang mengakibatkan kulitnya melepuh. Namun Ia tidak merasakan apa-apa.<ref name= Tayman/> Ternyata Ia pun sudah terjangkit kusta. Mengetahui Ia sudah terjangkit, Damien justru makin giat membangun sebanyak mungkin rumah dan merencanakan program setelah kepergiannya nanti.
 
Bulan Desember 1884, saat Damien sedang bersiap untuk mandi, tidak sengaja kaki Damien tercelup air panas yang mengakibatkan kulitnya melepuh. Namun Ia tidak merasakan apa-apa.<ref name="Tayman" /> Ternyata Ia pun sudah terjangkit kusta. Mengetahui Ia sudah terjangkit, Damien justru makin giat membangun sebanyak mungkin rumah dan merencanakan program setelah kepergiannya nanti.
==Order of Kalākaua==
[[Kalākaua|King David Kalākaua]] bestowed on Damien the honor Knight Commander of the [[Royal Order of Kalākaua]]. When Princess Lydia [[Liliuokalani|Lili{{okina}}uokalani]] visited the settlement to present the medal, she was reported as having been too distraught and heartbroken to read her speech. The princess shared her experience with the world and publicly acclaimed Damien's efforts. Consequently, Damien's name was spread across the [[United States]] and [[Europe]]. American [[Protestantism|Protestants]] raised large sums of money for the missionary. The [[Church of England]] sent food, medicine, clothing and supplies. It is believed that Damien never wore the medal given to him, although it was placed by his side at his funeral.
 
Akhirnya pada tanggal 15 April 1889 pukul 8:00 pagi Damien meninggal pada umur 49 tahun. Esok harinya, setelah [[misa]] yang dipimpin oleh Pastor Moellers, Damien dimakamkan di bawah pohon [[Pandanus]], tempat di mana Ia pertama kali tidur saat baru tiba di Moloka{{okina}}i.
==Criticism and commentary==
===C. M. Hyde; rebuttal by Robert Louis Stevenson===
Upon his death, a global discussion arose as to the mysteries of Damien's life and his work on the island of Moloka{{okina}}i. Much criticism came out of the [[Congregational church|Congregational]] and [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]] churches in Hawai{{okina}}i. It is possible that these church leaders took a stance against Damien largely because of their bias against [[Catholicism]]. The most well-known treatise against Damien was by a Honolulu Presbyterian, Reverend [[Charles McEwen Hyde]], in a letter dated August 2, 1889 to a fellow pastor, Reverend H. B. Gage; in it, Hyde referred to Father Damien as "a coarse, dirty man" whose leprosy should be attributed to his "carelessness".<ref name="letter"/>
 
Pada Januari 1936, pemerintah Belgia meminta jenasah Damien untuk dimakamkan di tanah kelahirannya, dan akhirnya jenasahnya di makamkan di Lauven. Setelah dibeatifikasikan pada bulan Juni 1995, potongan tangan kanannya dibawa ke Hawai{{okina}}i dan dikubur di makamnya yang lama <ref name="starbulletin.com">{{Cite news|title = The Life of Father Damien|newspaper = The Star-Bulletin|location = Honolulu, Hawai{{okina}}i|pages =|language =|date = October 7, 2009 }}</ref>
In 1889 [[Scotland|Scottish]] author [[Robert Louis Stevenson]] and his family arrived in Hawai{{okina}}i for an extended stay. While there Stevenson, also a Presbyterian, drafted a famous [[open letter]] as a rebuttal in defense of Damien.<ref name="letter">{{Cite book | last = Stevenson| first = Robert Lewis| title = Father Damien- An Open Letter to the Reverend Dr. Hyde of Honolulu|work= The works of Robert Louis Stevenson, Volume 15| publisher = W. Heinemann in association with Chatto and Windus, Cassell and Longmans, Green | year = 1922| pages = 479–501| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=iWY4AAAAIAAJ }}</ref> The ''Catholic Encyclopedia'' judges that in this treatise "the memory of the Apostle of the Lepers is brilliantly vindicated".<ref name="cathency" /> Prior to writing his letter, dated February 25, 1890, Stevenson stayed on Moloka{{okina}}i for eight days and seven nights, during which he kept a diary.<ref name="letter"/> In the letter Stevenson answered Hyde's criticisms point by point.<ref name="letter"/> He sought testimony from critical Protestants who knew the man, which he recorded in his diary. The treatise included some extracts, like the following which upbraided Rev. Hyde for his fault finding:
 
== Komentar setelah kematiannya ==
<blockquote>But, sir, when we have failed, and another has succeeded; when we have stood by, and another has stepped in; when we sit and grow bulky in our charming mansions, and a plain, uncouth peasant steps into the battle, under the eyes of God, and succours the afflicted, and consoles the dying, and is himself afflicted in his turn, and dies upon the field of honour - the battle cannot be retrieved as your unhappy irritation has suggested. It is a lost battle, and lost for ever. One thing remained to you in your defeat - some rags of common honour; and these you have made haste to cast away.<ref name="letter"/></blockquote>
Pastor Damien telah dikenal secara internasional sebelum kematiannya, karena ia dipandang sebagai tokoh Kristen simbolis yang menghabiskan hidupnya merawat penduduk asli yang menderita. Atasannya berpikir bahwa Damien kurang pendidikan dan kemahiran tetapi mereka menganggapnya sebagai "seorang petani yang sungguh-sungguh bekerja keras dengan caranya sendiri untuk Tuhan."<ref>{{Cite journal|last=McGloin|first=John Bernard|date=1974-11-01|title=Review: <i>Holy Man: Father Damien of Molokai</i>, by Gavan Daws|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3638447|journal=Pacific Historical Review|volume=43|issue=4|pages=614–615|doi=10.2307/3638447|issn=0030-8684}}</ref> Berita kematiannya pada tanggal 15 April dengan cepat dibawa ke seluruh dunia oleh komunikasi modern. waktu itu, dengan kapal uap ke Honolulu dan California, telegraf ke Pantai Timur Amerika Serikat, dan kabel ke Inggris, mencapai London pada 11 Mei.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=McGloin|first=John Bernard|date=1974-11-01|title=Review: <i>Holy Man: Father Damien of Molokai</i>, by Gavan Daws|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3638447|journal=Pacific Historical Review|volume=43|issue=4|pages=614–615|doi=10.2307/3638447|issn=0030-8684}}</ref> Menyusul curahan pujian atas karyanya, suara-suara lain mulai terdengar di Hawaiʻi.
 
Perwakilan dari gereja-gereja Kongregasional dan Presbiterian di Hawaii mengkritik pendekatannya. Pendeta Charles McEwen Hyde, seorang pendeta Presbiterian di Honolulu, menulis kepada rekan pendetanya Pendeta H. B. Gage dari San Francisco pada bulan Agustus. Hyde menyebut Pastor Damien sebagai "pria kasar, kotor," yang terjangkit kusta karena "kecerobohan."<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Moblo|first=Pennie|date=1997|title=Blessed Damien of Moloka'i: The Critical Analysis of Contemporary Myth|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/482885|journal=Ethnohistory|volume=44|issue=4|pages=691|doi=10.2307/482885|issn=0014-1801}}</ref> Hyde mengatakan bahwa Damien secara keliru diberi penghargaan atas reformasi yang sebenarnya telah dilaksanakan oleh Dewan Kesehatan . Tanpa berkonsultasi dengan Hyde, Gage menerbitkan surat itu di surat kabar San Francisco, yang menimbulkan komentar dan kontroversi di AS dan Hawaiʻi. Orang kulit putih pada periode itu secara konsisten mengabaikan peran yang dimainkan oleh orang Hawaii sendiri, di antaranya ada beberapa yang memiliki posisi kepemimpinan terkemuka di pulau itu.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=McGloin|first=John Bernard|date=1974-11-01|title=Review: <i>Holy Man: Father Damien of Molokai</i>, by Gavan Daws|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3638447|journal=Pacific Historical Review|volume=43|issue=4|pages=614–615|doi=10.2307/3638447|issn=0030-8684}}</ref>
In writing to Hyde, Stevenson proved prescient:
 
Kemudian pada tahun 1889, penulis Skotlandia Robert Louis Stevenson dan keluarganya tiba di Hawaii untuk masa tinggal yang lama. Dia menderita TBC, penyakit yang juga dianggap tidak dapat disembuhkan, dan dia mencari bantuan untuk itu. Tergerak oleh cerita Damien, ia menjadi tertarik pada kontroversi imam dan pergi ke Molokaʻi selama delapan hari tujuh malam. Stevenson ingin belajar lebih banyak tentang Damien di tempat dia bekerja. Dia berbicara dengan warga dari berbagai latar belakang agama untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut tentang pekerjaan Damien. Berdasarkan percakapan dan pengamatannya, dia menulis surat terbuka kepada Hyde di mana dia membahas kritik menteri dan dia mencetaknya dengan biaya sendiri. Surat Stevenson menjadi catatan Damien yang paling terkenal, menampilkan dia dalam peran sebagai orang Eropa yang membantu penduduk asli yang kesurupan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=McGloin|first=John Bernard|date=1974-11-01|title=Review: <i>Holy Man: Father Damien of Molokai</i>, by Gavan Daws|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3638447|journal=Pacific Historical Review|volume=43|issue=4|pages=614–615|doi=10.2307/3638447|issn=0030-8684}}</ref>
<blockquote>If that world at all remember you, on the day when Damien of Molokai shall be named a Saint, it will be in virtue of one work: your letter to the Reverend H. B. Gage.<ref name="letter"/></blockquote>
 
Dalam "polemik 6.000 kata,"<ref name=":0" /> Stevenson memuji Damien secara ekstensif, menulis kepada Hyde:
Stevenson further chided Hyde for nit-picking Damien and failing to acknowledge his [[heroic virtue]]:
 
Jika dunia itu sama sekali mengingat Anda, pada hari ketika Damien dari Molokai akan dinobatkan sebagai Orang Suci, itu akan didasarkan pada satu karya: surat Anda kepada Pendeta H. B. Gage.
<blockquote>You are one of those who have an eye for faults and failures; that you take a pleasure to find and publish them; and that, having found them, you make haste to forget the overvailing virtues and the real success which had alone introduced them to your knowledge. It is a dangerous frame of mind.<ref name="letter"/></blockquote>
 
Stevenson thenmerujuk commentspada onentri hisjurnalnya owndalam journal entriessuratnya:
 
...Saya telah meletakkan bagian-bagian pribadi ini, seperti yang Anda lihat, tanpa koreksi; terima kasih kepada Anda, publik memiliki mereka dalam keterusterangan mereka. Itu hampir merupakan daftar kesalahan pria itu, karena justru inilah yang saya cari: dengan kebajikannya, dengan profil heroik hidupnya, saya dan dunia sudah cukup mengenalnya. Selain itu, saya juga sedikit curiga terhadap kesaksian Katolik, bukan karena alasan yang salah, tetapi hanya karena pengagum dan murid Damien adalah yang paling kecil kemungkinannya untuk mengkritik. Saya tahu Anda akan lebih curiga lagi, dan fakta-fakta yang disebutkan di atas adalah satu dan semua dikumpulkan dari bibir Protestan yang telah menentang ayah dalam hidupnya. Namun anehnya saya tertipu, atau mereka membangun citra seorang pria, dengan segala kelemahannya, pada dasarnya heroik, dan hidup dengan kejujuran, kemurahan hati, dan kegembiraan yang keras.
<blockquote>...I have set down these private passages, as you perceive, without correction; thanks to you, the public has them in their bluntness. They are almost a list of the man's faults, for it is rather these that I was seeking: with his virtues, with the heroic profile of his life, I and the world were already sufficiently acquainted. I was besides a little suspicious of Catholic testimony; in no ill sense, but merely because Damien's admirers and disciples were the least likely to be critical. I know you will be more suspicious still; and the facts set down above were one and all collected from the lips of Protestants who had opposed the father in his life. Yet I am strangely deceived, or they build up the image of a man, with all his weakness, essentially heroic, and alive with rugged honesty, generosity, and mirth.<ref name="letter"/></blockquote>
 
Sejak itu, sejarawan dan etnolog juga mempelajari karya Damien dan kehidupan penduduk di Molokaʻi. Misalnya, Pennie Moblo, dalam meneliti mitos dan kontroversi seputar imam, telah menyimpulkan bahwa mereka tidak berkembang dari konflik agama antara Protestan dan Katolik, melainkan dari perubahan hubungan di Hawaiʻi antara dan di antara bangsawan, pekebun Eropa-Amerika , misionaris, dan penduduk asli Hawaii pada tahun-tahun menjelang penggulingan Kerajaan Hawaii dan pengambilalihan AS.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Moblo|first=Pennie|date=23/1997|title=Blessed Damien of Moloka'i: The Critical Analysis of Contemporary Myth|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/482885?origin=crossref|journal=Ethnohistory|volume=44|issue=4|pages=691|doi=10.2307/482885}}</ref> Selama periode ini, Damien memiliki J.K. Kahuila, seorang pendeta Protestan Hawaii dalam asuhannya, dimasukkan ke dalam besi dan dideportasi ke Oahu karena dia percaya pria itu terlalu memberontak. Kahuila mendapatkan pengacara dan menuntut penyelidikan terhadap Damien.<ref name=":1" /> Moblo menyimpulkan bahwa di sebagian besar catatan abad ke-19 dan ke-20, "fokus pada Damien melampaui peran aktif yang dimainkan oleh orang Hawaii dan mempertahankan sejarah yang bias secara kolonial."<ref name=":1" />
The ''Catholic Encyclopedia'' further states that a correspondence in the "[[The Honolulu Advertiser|Pacific Commercial Advertiser]]", June 20, 1905, "completely removes from the character of Father Damien every vestige of suspicion, proving beyond a doubt that Dr. Hyde's insinuations rested merely on misunderstandings".<ref name="cathency" />
 
Mahatma Gandhi mengatakan bahwa karya Pastor Damien telah mengilhami kampanye sosialnya di India, yang mengarah pada kemerdekaan rakyatnya dan mengamankan bantuan bagi orang India yang membutuhkan. Gandhi dikutip dalam T.N. Publikasi Jagatma Gandhi 1965, Mahatma Gandhi Menjawab Tantangan Kusta:
===Mahatma Gandhi===
[[Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi|Mahatma Gandhi]] offered his own defense of Father Damien's life and work. Gandhi claimed Damien to have been an inspiration for his social campaigns in [[India]] that led to the freedom of his people and secured aid for those that needed it. Gandhi was quoted in M.S. Mehendale's 1971 account, ''Gandhi Looks at Leprosy'', as saying,
 
Dunia politik dan jurnalistik dapat membanggakan sangat sedikit pahlawan yang dapat dibandingkan dengan Pastor Damien dari Molokai. Gereja Katolik, sebaliknya, menghitung ribuan orang yang, menurut contoh Fr. Damien, telah mengabdikan diri untuk para korban kusta. Penting untuk mencari sumber kepahlawanan semacam itu.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Neuhaus|first=Richard John|date=1983-03|title=Liberation Theology by James V. Schall, S.J. (Ignatius Press [San Francisco]; 402 pp.; $9.95 [paper])|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0084255900037773|journal=Worldview|volume=26|issue=3|pages=29–29|doi=10.1017/s0084255900037773|issn=0084-2559}}</ref>
<blockquote>The political and journalistic world can boast of very few heroes who compare with Father Damien of Molokai. It is worthwhile to look for the sources of such heroism.</blockquote>
== <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Neuhaus|first=Richard John|date=1983-03|title=Liberation Theology by James V. Schall, S.J. (Ignatius Press [San Francisco]; 402 pp.; $9.95 [paper])|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0084255900037773|journal=Worldview|volume=26|issue=3|pages=29–29|doi=10.1017/s0084255900037773|issn=0084-2559}}</ref>Kanonisasi ==
Pada tahun 1977, Paus Paulus VI menyatakan Pastor Damien sebagai orang yang terhormat. Pada tanggal 4 Juni 1995, Paus Yohanes Paulus II membeatifikasinya dan memberinya gelar spiritual resmi Beato. Pada tanggal 20 Desember 1999, Jorge Medina Estévez, Prefek Kongregasi untuk Ibadat Ilahi dan Tata Tertib Sakramen, menegaskan keputusan Konferensi Waligereja Amerika Serikat November 1999 untuk menempatkan Beato Damien dalam kalender liturgi dengan peringkat opsional peringatan. Pastor Damien dikanonisasi pada 11 Oktober 2009 oleh Paus Benediktus XVI. Hari rayanya dirayakan pada 10 Mei. Di Hawaii, itu dirayakan pada hari kematiannya, 15 April.
 
Dua keajaiban telah dikaitkan dengan syafaat anumerta Pastor Damien. Pada 13 Juni 1992, Paus Yohanes Paulus II menyetujui penyembuhan seorang biarawati di Prancis pada tahun 1895 sebagai mukjizat yang dikaitkan dengan perantaraan Yang Mulia Damien. Dalam hal itu, Suster Simplicia Hue memulai novena kepada Pastor Damien saat dia terbaring sekarat karena penyakit usus yang berkepanjangan. Dikatakan bahwa rasa sakit dan gejala penyakit menghilang dalam semalam.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2016-12|title=LAS VEGAS SANDS CORP., a Nevada corporation, Plaintiff, v. UKNOWN REGISTRANTS OF www.wn0000.com, www.wn1111.com, www.wn2222.com, www.wn3333.com, www.wn4444.com, www.wn5555.com, www.wn6666.com, www.wn7777.com, www.wn8888.com, www.wn9999.com, www.112211.com, www.4456888.com, www.4489888.com, www.001148.com, and www.2289888.com, Defendants.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/glre.2016.201011|journal=Gaming Law Review and Economics|volume=20|issue=10|pages=859–868|doi=10.1089/glre.2016.201011|issn=1097-5349}}</ref>
==Canonization==
[[File:Father Damien grave.jpg|230px|thumb|Original grave of Father Damien next to the St. Philomena Roman Catholic Church in Kalawao, Kalaupapa Peninsula, Moloka{{okina}}i, Hawai{{okina}}i ({{Coord|21|10|37|N|156|56|53.3|W|region:US-HI_type:landmark|display=inline}})]]
[[File:Paterdamiaan graf.JPG|thumb|230px|upright|The grave of Saint Damien in the crypt of the church of the Congregation of Sacred Hearts ([[Leuven]], {{Coord|50|52|33.4|N|004|41|54.1|E|region:BE-VBR_type:landmark|display=inline}})]]
 
Dalam kasus kedua, Audrey Toguchi, seorang wanita Hawaii yang menderita kanker langka, mengalami remisi setelah berdoa di makam Pastor Damien di Molokaʻi. Tidak ada penjelasan medis, karena prognosisnya adalah terminal.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2003|title=Call for Programs: APA Convention, July 28 - August 1, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/e305992004-004|website=PsycEXTRA Dataset|access-date=2022-05-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Grubbs|first=Anthony J.|date=2008|title=The Woman Saint in Spanish Golden Age Drama|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/boc.2008.0000|journal=Bulletin of the Comediantes|volume=60|issue=2|pages=161–163|doi=10.1353/boc.2008.0000|issn=1944-0928}}</ref> Pada tahun 1997, Toguchi didiagnosis dengan liposarcoma, kanker yang muncul di sel-sel lemak. Dia menjalani operasi setahun kemudian dan tumor diangkat, tetapi kanker menyebar ke paru-parunya. Dokternya, Dr. Walter Chang, mengatakan kepadanya, "Tidak ada yang pernah selamat dari kanker ini. Ini akan membawa Anda."<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Grubbs|first=Anthony J.|date=2008|title=The Woman Saint in Spanish Golden Age Drama|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/boc.2008.0000|journal=Bulletin of the Comediantes|volume=60|issue=2|pages=161–163|doi=10.1353/boc.2008.0000|issn=1944-0928}}</ref>Toguchi masih hidup pada tahun 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Person|first=Hannibal|date=2020-05-26|title=Perianal Ulcerations Associated With Sirolimus in a Two-Year-Old Liver Transplant Recipient|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.26226/morressier.5ebc4ac6ffea6f735881a4c5|website=dx.doi.org|access-date=2022-05-27}}</ref>
In 1977, [[Pope Paul VI]] declared Father Damien to be [[venerable]], the first of three steps that lead to sainthood. On June 4, 1995, Pope John Paul II beatified him and gave him his official spiritual title of Blessed. On December 20, 1999, [[Jorge Medina Estévez]], Prefect of the [[Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments]], confirmed the November 1999 decision of the [[United States Conference of Catholic Bishops]] to place Blessed Damien on the [[Liturgical year|liturgical calendar]] with the rank of optional memorial. Father Damien was canonized on October 11, 2009, by Pope Benedict XVI. His feast Day is celebrated on May 10. In Hawai{{okina}}i, it is celebrated on the day of his death, April 15.
 
Pada April 2008, Takhta Suci menerima dua penyembuhan itu sebagai bukti kesucian Pastor Damien. Pada tanggal 2 Juni 2008, Kongregasi untuk Pekerjaan Orang-Orang Suci di Vatikan memutuskan untuk merekomendasikan agar Pastor Damien dari Molokaʻi diangkat menjadi orang suci. Dekrit yang secara resmi mencatat dan memverifikasi mukjizat yang diperlukan untuk kanonisasi diumumkan oleh Paus Benediktus XVI dan Kardinal José Saraiva Martins pada 3 Juli 2008, dengan upacara berlangsung di Roma dan perayaan di Belgia dan Hawaii.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Newport|first=B.|date=2011-07-13|title=Father Damien: An Open Letter to the Reverend Dr Hyde of Honolulu|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d4417|journal=BMJ|volume=343|issue=jul13 1|pages=d4417–d4417|doi=10.1136/bmj.d4417|issn=0959-8138}}</ref> Pada tanggal 21 Februari 2009, Vatikan mengumumkan bahwa Pastor Damien akan dikanonisasi.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=전영준|date=2008-12|title=A Mystic, Paul the Apostle|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.36515/ctak..13.200812.81|journal=The Catholic Theology|volume=null|issue=13|pages=81–108|doi=10.36515/ctak..13.200812.81|issn=1598-9232}}</ref> Upacara berlangsung di Roma pada hari Minggu Rosario, 11 Oktober 2009, di hadapan Raja Albert II dari Belgia dan Ratu Paola serta Perdana Menteri Belgia, Herman Van Rompuy, dan beberapa menteri kabinet,<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2007-12-01|title=Potter, Rt Rev. Henry Codman, (25 May 1834–21 July 1908), Bishop of New York, from 1883|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u190022|journal=Who Was Who|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2000|title=père — Le Ray, abbé Le Ray to Jacques Henri Bernardin de Saint-Pierre, Monday, 11 October 1790 [sainjaVF0031168a1c]|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.13051/ee:doc/sainjavf0031168a1c|website=Electronic Enlightenment Scholarly Edition of Correspondence|access-date=2022-05-27}}</ref> menyelesaikan proses kanonisasi. Di Washington, D.C., Presiden Barack Obama menegaskan kekagumannya yang mendalam kepada St. Damien, dengan mengatakan bahwa dia memberikan suara kepada mereka yang tidak bersuara dan bermartabat kepada orang sakit.<ref>{{Cite book|date=2021-05-15|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1pfqnct.47|title=The Voice of the Voiceless|publisher=Liverpool University Press|pages=256–262}}</ref> Empat individu lainnya dikanonisasi dengan Pastor Damien pada upacara yang sama: Zygmunt Szczęsny Feliński, Suster Jeanne Jugan, Pastor Francisco Coll Guitart dan Rafael Arnáiz Barón.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-03-21|title=CBS News/New York Times Monthly Poll, October 2009|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/icpsr30404.v1|website=ICPSR Data Holdings|access-date=2022-05-27}}</ref>
Two [[miracles]] have been attributed to Father Damien's posthumous intercession:
On June 13, 1992, Pope John Paul II approved the cure of a nun in France in 1895 as a miracle attributed to Venerable Damien's [[intercession]]. In that case, Sister Simplicia Hue began a [[novena]] to Father Damien as she lay dying of a lingering intestinal illness. It is stated that pain and symptoms of the illness disappeared overnight.
 
Damien dihormati, bersama dengan Marianne Cope, dengan hari raya dalam kalender liturgi Gereja Episkopal (AS) pada 15 April.
In the second case, Audrey Toguchi, a Hawaiian woman who suffered from cancer, was completely cured after having prayed at the grave of Father Damien on Moloka{{okina}}i:<ref>{{Cite news | last = Downes| first = Patrick| title = Tribunal to examine Blessed Damien miracle claim| newspaper = Hawaii Catholic Herald| location = Honolulu, Hawaii| publisher = Diocese of Honolulu,| date = March 28, 2003| url = http://www.hawaiicatholicherald.org/BlessedDamien/tabid/311/newsid916/418/Default.aspx| accessdate =2010-07-21}}</ref> In 1997, Toguchi was diagnosed with [[liposarcoma]], a cancer that arises in fat cells. She underwent surgery a year later. A tumor the size of a fist was removed from the side of her left thigh and buttock. Unfortunately, the cancer spread to her lungs. Her physician, Dr. Walter Chang, told her, 'Nobody has ever survived this cancer. It's going to take you.'<ref>{{cite web|last=Bernardo |first=Rosemarie |url=http://archives.starbulletin.com/2008/07/04/news/story03.html |title=Aiea woman excited for her saint in making |publisher=The Star-Bulletin |date=July 4, 2008|accessdate=2009-10-11}}</ref> The Toguchi case was documented in the Hawai{{okina}}i Medical Journal of October 2000.<ref name="starbulletin.com"/>
 
== Dalam seni dan media ==
In April 2008, the [[Holy See]] accepted the two cures as evidence of Father Damien's sanctity. On June 2, 2008, the [[Congregation for the Causes of Saints]] at the Vatican voted to recommend raising Father Damien of Moloka{{okina}}i to sainthood. The decree that officially notes and verifies the miracle needed for canonization was promulgated by Pope Benedict XVI and [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]] [[José Saraiva Martins]] on Thursday, July 3, 2008, with the ceremony taking place in Rome, with celebrations in Belgium and Hawai{{okina}}i.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kitv.com/news/16763324/detail.html |title=Vatican Votes To Elevate Father Damien To Sainthood|work = KITV Honolulu |publisher=www.kitv.com |accessdate=2010-07-21 }}</ref> On February 21, 2009, the Vatican announced that Father Damien would be canonized.<ref name=CNA /> The ceremony took place in Rome on Rosary Sunday, October 11, 2009, in the presence of [[Albert II of Belgium|King Albert II of the Belgians]] and [[Queen Paola of Belgium|Queen Paola]] as well as the [[Belgian Prime Minister]], [[Herman Van Rompuy]], and several cabinet ministers,<ref name=VR/><ref>{{citation | url = http://www.lesoir.be/actualite/monde/2009-10-11/affluence-canonisation-pere-damien-731882.shtml | title = Le Père Damien proclamé saint | newspaper = Le Soir | date = 2009-10-11}}</ref> completing the process of canonization. In Washington, D.C., President [[Barack Obama]] affirmed his deep admiration for St. Damien, saying that he gave voice to voiceless and dignity to the sick.<ref>Sweas, Megan. [http://www.uscatholic.org/news/2009/10/obama-says-st-damien-gave-voice-voiceless-dignity-sick "Obama Says St. Damien Gave Voice to Voiceless, Dignity to the Sick."] ''Catholic News Service''. October 14, 2009.</ref> Four other individuals were canonized with Father Damien at the same ceremony: [[Zygmunt Szczęsny Feliński]], Sister [[Jeanne Jugan]], Father [[Francisco Coll Guitart]] and [[Rafael Arnáiz Barón]].<ref name=nytimes>{{cite news|first= Rachel |last= Donadio |title= Benedict Canonizes 5 New Saints |url= http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/12/world/europe/12pope.html|work= The New York Times|publisher= The New York Times Company |date= October 11, 2009 |accessdate= 2009-10-13}}</ref>
 
=== Film ===
Damien is honored, together with Marianne Cope, with a feast day on the [[Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church in the United States of America)|liturgical calendar of the Episcopal Church (USA)]] on April 15.
 
*Film Sutradara David Miller membuat film pendek tentang kehidupan Pastor Damien berjudul The Great Heart (1938), dirilis oleh MGM. Film panjang penuh pertama tentang Pastor Damien adalah Molokai (1959), sebuah produksi Spanyol yang disutradarai oleh Luis Lucia dengan Javier Escrivá, Roberto Camardiel, dan Gérard Tichy memainkan peran utama.[49] Ken Howard memiliki peran utama dalam film televisi Father Damien: The Leper Priest (1980);[50] ia menggantikan David Janssen, yang meninggal mendadak setelah beberapa hari syuting. Film dokumenter Stephanie J. Castillo, Simple Courage (1992) mengeksplorasi Damien dan karyanya, menarik kesejajaran antara pengobatan penderita kusta dan stigma yang diasosiasikan dengan penderita HIV/AIDS. "Keberanian Sederhana" dianugerahi Penghargaan EMMY pada tahun 1993.[20] Produser film Belgia Tharsi Vanhuysse memproduseri dan Paul Cox menyutradarai film Molokai: The Story of Father Damien (1999) dengan David Wenham sebagai Damien. Wawancara dengan mantan penduduk ditampilkan dalam film dokumenter The Soul of Kalaupapa: Voices of Exile (2011).[52] Ini berfokus pada upaya Pastor Damien kelahiran Belgia pada abad ke-19 dan upaya Jonatana Napela, seorang mualaf LDS Hawaii yang bekerja dengan penderita kusta di Kalaupapa dan bekerja sama dalam upaya ekumenis. Splendor Producciones, sebuah grup pembuat film amatir Argentina, memproduksi sebuah film tentang kehidupan penuh Pastor Damien yang berjudul Corazón de Héroe: Padre Damián de Veuster (2021)[rujukan?]
==In arts and media==
*literatur Penulis skenario dan sutradara film John Farrow menulis biografi Damien the Leper (1937).[53] Pada tahun 1939, RKO Pictures membeli buku tersebut untuk sebuah film fitur berjudul Father Damien, yang akan disutradarai oleh Farrow dan dibintangi oleh Joseph Calleia.[54][55] Proyek itu tidak terealisasi. Dramatisasi puitis Father Damien (1938) ditulis oleh Edward Snelson, yang kemudian menjadi Sekretaris Bersama Pemerintah India (1947), KBE, dan mendedikasikan 'To G.,' aktris Greer Garson, yang dinikahinya pada tahun 1933. [56] Drama satu orang Damien oleh Aldyth Morris disiarkan secara nasional di PBS di Amerika Serikat pada tahun 1978 dan sekali lagi pada tahun 1986 di "American Playhouse." Siaran tersebut menerima beberapa pengakuan, termasuk Peabody Award. Novel 2016 God Made Us Monsters oleh William Neary mengeksplorasi kebangkitan Pastor Damien menjadi orang suci.[57]
[[File:FrDamienSm.jpg|thumb|upright|This [[reredos]] in Episcopal [[St. Thomas the Apostle Hollywood]] shows cross-denominational [[veneration]].]]
The [[Father Damien Statue]] on the steps of the [[Hawaii State Capitol|State Capitol Building]] honors him, and a replica is displayed in the [[National Statuary Hall Collection]] in the [[United States Capitol]].<ref name="aocgov">{{cite web |url=http://www.aoc.gov/cc/art/nsh/damien.cfm |title=Father Damien|work= Capitol Campus/Art |publisher=The Architect of the Capitol |accessdate=2010-07-21 }}</ref>
 
=== Monumen dan patung ===
Screenwriter and film director [[John Farrow]] wrote a biography of him called ''Damien the Leper'' which was published in 1937.
Patung Pastor Damien di tangga State Capitol Building menghormatinya, dan replikanya dipajang di National Statuary Hall Collection di United States Capitol. Patung-patung untuk mengenang Damien dapat ditemukan di banyak katedral Belgia, seperti Katedral Tournai, Katedral St Bavo, Ghent, dan Katedral St Martin, Ypres.
 
Sebuah monumen berdiri di depan Gereja Katolik St. Benediktus di Honaunau (Hawaii) dan sering dihiasi dengan Leis.
Director [[David Miller (director)|David Miller]] made a [[short film]] of Father Damien's life in 1938 entitled ''[[The Great Heart]]'', released by [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer|MGM]].
 
== Warisan dan kehormatan ==
The first [[feature film|full-length]] film on Father Damien was ''Molokai'' (1959), a Spanish production directed by [[Luis Lucia]] with Javier Escrivá, Roberto Camardiel and [[Gerard Tichy]] playing the main roles.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0053075/ |title=Molokai, la isla maldita (1959) |publisher=Internet Movie Database |accessdate=2010-07-21 }}</ref>
Pada tahun 2005, Damien dianugerahi gelar De Grootste Belg, dipilih sebagai "Orang Belgia Terhebat" sepanjang sejarah negara itu, dalam jajak pendapat yang dilakukan oleh layanan penyiaran publik Flemish, VRT. Dia menduduki peringkat ketiga di Le plus grand Belge ("Belgia Terbesar") dalam jajak pendapat oleh saluran publik berbahasa Prancis RTBF.
 
Pada tahun 1952, Picpus Fathers (SS .CC) membuka Museum Damien, (Bahasa Belanda: Damiaanmuseum ) di Tremelo, Belgia, di rumah tempat Damien dilahirkan dan dibesarkan. Pada tahun 2017 museum ini direnovasi total.
The one-man play ''[[Damien (play)|Damien]]'' tells the story of Damien's life in the first person through a series of flashbacks.
 
Dengan kanonisasi yang menyoroti pelayanannya kepada penderita kusta, Pastor Damien dalam karyanya telah dikutip sebagai contoh bagaimana masyarakat harus melayani pasien HIV/AIDS. Pada kesempatan kanonisasi Damien, Presiden Barack Obama menyatakan, "Di zaman kita sendiri, ketika jutaan orang di seluruh dunia menderita penyakit, terutama pandemi HIV/AIDS, kita harus mengambil contoh tekad Pastor Damien dalam menjawab panggilan mendesak untuk menyembuhkan dan merawat orang sakit." Beberapa klinik dan pusat pelayanan kesehatan nasional untuk pasien HIV/AIDS menyandang namanya.
Father Damien was portrayed in 1980 by [[Ken Howard]] in the television film ''Father Damien: Leper Priest.''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0080590/ |title=Father Damien: The Leper Priest (1980) (TV) |publisher=Internet Movie Database |accessdate=2010-07-21 }}</ref>
 
Ada sebuah kapel yang dinamai menurut namanya dan didedikasikan untuk orang-orang dengan HIV/AIDS, di St. Thomas Rasul Hollywood, sebuah paroki Episkopal. The Damien The Leper Society adalah salah satu badan amal yang dinamai menurut namanya yang bekerja untuk mengobati dan mengendalikan kusta. Damien House, Irlandia, adalah pusat "perdamaian bagi keluarga dan individu yang terkena dampak kehilangan, stres, kekerasan, dan kesulitan lain dengan perhatian khusus ke Irlandia Utara". Saint Damien Advocates adalah organisasi kebebasan beragama yang mengatakan ingin melanjutkan pekerjaan Pastor Damien dengan anak yatim dan lainnya.
Belgian [[film producer]] Tharsi Vanhuysse produced and [[Paul Cox]] directed the 1999 film ''[[Molokai: The Story of Father Damien]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0165196/ |title=Molokai: The Story of Father Damien (1999) |publisher=Internet Movie Database |accessdate=2010-07-21 }}</ref>
 
Sekolah yang dinamai menurut namanya termasuk Sekolah Menengah Damien di California Selatan, Sekolah Dasar Saint Damien di Calgary, Kanada, dan Sekolah Peringatan Damien di Hawaii. jugaGereja-gereja di seluruh dunia dinamai menurut namanya.
==Legacy==
[[File:Statue of Father Damien 3.jpeg|thumb|right|upright|Statue outside the [[Hawaii State Capitol|Hawai{{okina}}i State Capitol]] Building]]
In 2005, Damien was honored with the title of ''[[De Grootste Belg]]'', chosen as "The Greatest Belgian" throughout [[History of Belgium|that country's history]] in polling conducted by the Flemish public broadcasting service, [[Vlaamse Radio- en Televisieomroep|VRT]].<ref name=canvas>{{cite web |url=http://degrootstebelg.canvas.be/dgb_master/nieuws/dgb_damiaandegrootste/index.shtml |title=Pater Damiaan is De Grootste Belg |publisher=degrootstebelg.canvas.be |accessdate=2010-07-21 }}</ref> At the same time he was placed third on ''[[Le plus grand Belge]]'' ("The Greatest Belgian") by the French-speaking public channel [[RTBF]].
 
St. Damien dari Gereja Katolik Molokaʻi di Edmond, Oklahoma, yang didedikasikan pada 2010, diyakini sebagai gereja Katolik Roma pertama di benua Amerika Serikat yang dinamai Saint Damien setelah kanonisasinya. Sebuah gereja Misa Latin Tradisional, dioperasikan oleh Persaudaraan Imam St. Peter (FSSP) dan disahkan pada tahun 2010 oleh Eusebius J. Beltran, Uskup Agung Oklahoma City. Pontiac, Michigan (di keuskupan agung Katolik Detroit) memiliki paroki St. Damien.
In both [[Ecumenism|ecumenical]] religious and [[nonsectarian]] communities, Damien's ministry to lepers is being cited as an example of how society should minister to [[HIV/AIDS]] patients.<ref>These include: [http://www.cbsnews.com/2100-202_162-5377123.html "Father Damien, Aid to Lepers, Now a Saint"]. ''[[Associated Press]]''. October 11, 2009; De Volder, Jan and John L. Allen, Jr. (FRW). [http://books.google.com/books?id=edXGGZcR5bUC&pg=PR10&dq=damien+HIV+AIDS&hl=en&sa=X&ei=QF9ZT5aON-raiQLAkJW-Cw&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=damien%20HIV%20AIDS&f=false ''The Spirit of Father Damien: The Leper Priest'']. Ignatius Press, 2010. p. x; Haile, Beth. [http://catholicmoraltheology.com/articulating-a-comprehensive-moral-response-to-hivaids-in-the-spirit-of-st-damian-of-molokai "Articulating a Comprehensive Moral Response to HIV/AIDS in the Spirit of St. Damian of Molokai"]. ''CatholicMoralTheology.com''. May 10, 2011; [http://www.stdamiens.org/02stdamienbiography.html "Brief Biography of St. Damien of Molokai"]. ''St. Damien Catholic Church, Oklahoma City, OK''; [http://www.flandershouse.org/father_damien "The Canonization of Father Damien"]. ''FlandersHouse.org''.</ref> On the occasion of Damien's canonization, President [[Barack Obama]] stated, "In our own time, as millions around the world suffer from disease, especially the pandemic of HIV/AIDS, we should draw on the example of Father Damien’s resolve in answering the urgent call to heal and care for the sick."<ref>Donadio, Rachel. [http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/12/world/europe/12pope.html "Benedict Canonizes 5 New Saints"]. ''[[New York Times]]''. October 11, 2009.</ref> Several clinics and centers nationwide catering to HIV/AIDS patients bear his name.<ref>These include: [http://www.damienministries.org/page.php?page_id=114979 Damien Ministries – Washington, D.C.]; [http://www.damien.org/about Damien Center – Central Indiana]; [http://www.albanydamiencenter.org Albany Damien Center – Albany, New York]; [http://www.sicm.us/Damien_Center.html Schenectady Damien Center – Schenectady New York].</ref> There is a chapel named after him, and dedicated to people with HIV/AIDS, in [[St. Thomas the Apostle Hollywood]], an Episcopal parish.<ref>[http://www.saintthomashollywood.org/html/the-parish/stewardship-of-facility/damien-chapel/ Damien Chapel] – [[St. Thomas the Apostle Hollywood]]</ref><ref>[http://www.saintthomashollywood.org/html/the-parish/history St. Thomas the Apostle – History]</ref>
 
Marianne dari Molokaʻi dikanonisasi pada tahun 2012.
The [[Blessed Damien Society]], and other charities fighting leprosy, have been set up in his name. A centre for "peace for families and individuals affected by bereavement, stress, violence, and other difficulties with particular attention to [[Northern Ireland]]".<ref>[http://www.damienhouse.net/ Damien House, Ireland "]</ref>
 
== Referensi ==
Damien is considered an important person in the [[history of Hawaii|history of Hawai{{okina}}i]]. The [[Father Damien Statue]] on the steps of the [[Hawaii State Capitol|Hawai{{okina}}i State Capitol Building]] honors him, and a replica is displayed in the [[National Statuary Hall Collection]] in the [[United States Capitol]].<ref>[http://www.aoc.gov/cc/art/nsh/damien.cfm Biography by Architects of the Capitol]</ref>
{{Reflist}}
 
== Daftar pustaka ==
Schools are named after him, including [[Damien High School]] in [[Southern California]], and [[Damien Memorial School]] in Hawai{{okina}}i. The village of [[Saint-Damien, Quebec]] is also named after him. Churches worldwide are also named after him.
* {{cite book|last = Daws|first = Gavan|title = Holy Man: Father Damien of Molokai|url = https://archive.org/details/holymanfatherdam0000daws_n7o6|publisher = [[University of Hawai'i Press]]|location = Honolulu|year = 1984|isbn = 0-8248-0920-3|authorlink=Gavan Daws}}
* {{cite book|last = Eynikel|first = Hilde|title = Molokai: the Story of Father Damien|publisher = Alba House|location = Staten Island|year = 1999|isbn = 0-8189-0872-6}}
* {{cite book|last = Stewart|first = Richard|title = Leper Priest of Moloka'i|url = https://archive.org/details/leperpriestofmol00rich|publisher = University of Hawai'i Press|location = Honolulu|year = 2000|isbn = 0-8248-2322-2}}
 
== Baca Juga ==
St. Damien of Moloka{{okina}}i Catholic Church in [[Edmond, Oklahoma]], is believed to have been the first Roman Catholic church in the continental United States to be named for Saint Damien when it was dedicated in 2010. A Traditional Latin Mass church, it is operated by the Priestly Fraternity of St. Peter (FSSP), and was authorized by Eusebius J. Beltran, Archbishop of Oklahoma City, in 2010.
* Farrow, John. [http://www.amazon.com/dp/0385489110 ''Damen the Leper'']. (first edition 1937; latest edition 1998) ISBN 978-0-385-48911-9
* {{cite book|last=Bunson|first=Margaret|last2=Bunson|first2=Matthew|title=Apostle of the Exiled: St. Damien of Molokai|url=https://archive.org/details/stdamienofmoloka0000buns|publisher=Our Sunday Visitor, Inc.|place=Huntington, Indiana|year=2009|isbn=978-1-59276-610-9}}
* {{cite book|last = Edmond|first = Rod|title = Leprosy and Empire: A Medical and Cultural History|volume = 8|series = Cambridge Social and Cultural Histories|publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]]|location =|year = 2006|isbn = 0-521-86584-0|authorlink=}}
* {{cite book|last = Gould|first = Tony|title = A Disease Apart: Leprosy in the Modern World|url = https://archive.org/details/diseaseapartlepr0000goul|publisher = [[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan]]|location =|year = 2005|isbn = 0-312-30502-8|authorlink=}}
* {{cite book|last=Michaels|first=Barry|title=Saint Damien de Veuster: Missionary of Moloka'i|publisher=Pauline Books & Media|place=Boston|year=2009|url=http://store.pauline.org/English/Books/tabid/126/ProductID/3218|isbn=0-8198-7128-1}}
 
==See alsoPranala luar ==
* [http://www.fatherdamien.com Saint Damien of Molokai] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418150028/http://www.fatherdamien.com/ |date=2012-04-18 }}
*[[Kalaupapa Leprosy Settlement and National Historical Park]]
*[[Roman Catholicism in the United States#American Catholic Servants of God, Venerables, Beatified, and Saints|American Catholic Servants of God, Venerables, Beatified, and Saints]]
*[[List of American saints and beatified people]]
 
==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
 
==Sources==
{{Wikisource1913CatholicEnc|Father Damien (Joseph de Veuster)}}
*{{cite book | last = Daws | first = Gavan | title = Holy Man: Father Damien of Molokai | publisher = [[University of Hawai'i Press]] | location = Honolulu | year = 1984 | isbn = 0-8248-0920-3|authorlink=Gavan Daws}}
* {{cite book | last = Eynikel | first = Hilde | title = Molokai: the Story of Father Damien | publisher = Alba House | location = Staten Island | year = 1999 | isbn = 0-8189-0872-6}}
* {{cite book | last = Stewart | first = Richard | title = Leper Priest of Moloka'i | publisher = University of Hawai'i Press | location = Honolulu | year = 2000 | isbn = 0-8248-2322-2}}
 
==Further reading==
*Farrow, John. [http://www.amazon.com/dp/0385489110 ''Damen the Leper'']. (first edition 1937; latest edition 1998) ISBN 978-0-385-48911-9
*{{cite book |last=Bunson |first=Margaret |last2=Bunson |first2=Matthew |title=Apostle of the Exiled: St. Damien of Molokai |publisher=Our Sunday Visitor, Inc. |place=Huntington, Indiana |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-59276-610-9}}
*{{cite book | last = Edmond | first = Rod | title = Leprosy and Empire: A Medical and Cultural History | volume = 8 | series = Cambridge Social and Cultural Histories | publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]] | location = | year = 2006 | isbn = 0-521-86584-0 |authorlink=}}
*{{cite book | last = Gould | first = Tony | title = A Disease Apart: Leprosy in the Modern World | publisher = [[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan]] | location = | year = 2005 | isbn = 0-312-30502-8 |authorlink=}}
*{{cite book |last=Michaels |first=Barry |title=Saint Damien de Veuster: Missionary of Moloka'i |publisher=Pauline Books & Media |place=Boston |year=2009 |url=http://store.pauline.org/English/Books/tabid/126/ProductID/3218 |isbn=0-8198-7128-1}}
 
==External links==
{{Commons category|Father Damien}}
* [http://www.fatherdamien.com Saint Damien of Molokai]
* [http://www.nps.gov/kala/ Kalaupapa National Historic Park] – about the human and natural community of Father Damien's work
* [http://www.damiaandorpdamiaanmuseum.be/en DamiaandorpDamien museum] –- Damien museum in his Hometownbirthplace, ofTremelo Father- DamianBelgium
 
{{Christianity in Hawaii}}
 
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2011}}
 
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Damien, Father
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = De Veuster, Jozef; Damien of Molokai, Saint
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = January 3, 1840
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Tremelo, Flemish Brabant
| DATE OF DEATH = April 15, 1889
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Damien, Father}}
[[Category:Deaths from leprosy]]
[[Category:Picpus Fathers]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu]]
[[Category:Hawaii Catholic priests]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic missionaries]]
[[Category:Christian missionaries in Hawaii]]
[[Category:American Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:American saints]]
[[Category:American Roman Catholic saints]]
[[Category:Belgian Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Belgian saints]]
[[Category:Belgian Roman Catholic saints]]
[[Category:Flemish priests]]
[[Category:Humanitarians]]
[[Category:19th-century Roman Catholic priests]]
[[Category:19th-century Christian saints]]
[[Category:People from Hawaii]]
[[Category:Burials in Hawaii]]
[[Category:Burials in Belgium]]
[[Category:1840 births]]
[[Category:1889 deaths]]
[[Category:Anglican saints]]
[[Category:Sacred Hearts Order]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Royal Order of Kalākaua]]
 
{{Link GA|ja}}
 
[[Kategori:Orang kudus]]
[[ar:الأب داميان]]
[[bg:Дамиан Молокайски]]
[[ca:Damià de Molokai]]
[[cs:Damien de Veuster]]
[[de:Damian de Veuster]]
[[eml:San Damiàn ad Molokai]]
[[es:Damián de Molokai]]
[[eo:Patro Damiano]]
[[fr:Père Damien]]
[[ko:다미앵 신부]]
[[haw:Makua Kamiano]]
[[hr:Otac Damien]]
[[id:Pater Damien]]
[[it:Damiano de Veuster]]
[[sw:Damian de Veuster]]
[[la:Damianus Molocaiensis]]
[[lmo:Pader Damián]]
[[mk:Отец Дамјан]]
[[ml:ഫാദർ ഡാമിയൻ]]
[[mr:फादर डेमियन]]
[[nl:Pater Damiaan]]
[[ja:ダミアン神父]]
[[no:Damian de Veuster]]
[[pl:Ojciec Damian]]
[[pt:Damião de Veuster]]
[[ru:Вёстер, Дамиан де]]
[[sc:Padre Damiano]]
[[simple:Father Damien]]
[[sv:Fader Damien]]
[[tl:Paring Damian]]
[[uk:Дам’ян де Вестер]]
[[vi:Thánh Đamien]]
[[zh:達米盎神父]]
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Pastor_Damien"