Kampanye pertama Mehmed II di Albania: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox Military Conflict
|conflict=Invasi Utsmaniyah di Albania pada 1452
Baris 5 ⟶ 8:
|caption=
|partof=[[Perang Utsmaniyah di Eropa]]
|date= [[21 Juli
|place=Albania Timur
|result=Kemenangan Albania
|combatant1=[[Berkas:Coa Kastrioti Family.svg|24px]] [[Liga Lezhë]]
|combatant2=[[Berkas:Flag of the Ottoman Sultanate (1299-1453).svg|24px]] [[Kesultanan Utsmaniyah]]
|commander1=[[Skanderbeg]] <
|commander2=Tahip Pasha {{KIA}} <
|strength1=14,000
|strength2=25,000–27,000
Baris 17 ⟶ 20:
|casualties2=7,000 mati atau terluka
}}
Pada [[1452]], barulah Sultan [[Kesultanan Utsmaniyah|Utsmaniyah]] [[Mehmed II]] menyetujui untuk '''memerintahkan kampanye pertama melawan [[Skanderbeg]]''', ketua [[Liga Lezhë]]. Tak lama setelah [[Pengepungan Pertama Krujë]], [[Murad II]] meninggal di [[Edirne]], hanya bisa digantikan oleh putranya, Mehmed II. Mehmed selalu mendukung strategi pengeungan yang lebih agresif yang terus-menerus ditolak ayahnya.
== Hubungan Albania dengan Barat ==
[[Berkas:Alfonso-V-el-Magnanimo.jpg|jmpl|kiri|160px|[[Alfonso V dari Aragon]] oleh Juan de Juanes.]]
[[Pengepungan Krujë (1450)|Pengepungan Krujë]] pada [[1450]] menghasilkan kerugian besar bagi [[Murad II]] dan [[Liga Lezhë]].<ref name="Frasheri308"/> Sebagian besar tanah Albania terbuang dari kampanye panjang dimana pasukan Turki ditempatkan selama lebih dari setengah [[tahun]]. Negara ini tertinggal dengan sedikit sumber daya untuk memproduksi [[tanaman]] dan akibatnya berupa kelaparan yang besar. Pada [[1451]], tahun setelah pasukan Murad telah menghancurkan negara ini, Mehmed II memperoleh kontrol [[Kesultanan Utsmaniyah]] setelah kematian ayahnya.<ref name="Frasheri308"/> Kekuatan besar Mehmed sudah selama tahun-tahun sebelumnya ketika ia menemani ayahnya ke Albania. Skanderbeg sadar kalau Mehmed menyerang sekarang, dia akan berada dalam kesulitan besar karena ia tidak memiliki sumber daya dan dukungan untuk berhasil menahan invasi besar. Salah satu [[kepangeranan]] Albania paling kuat, Dukagjini, membuat negosiasi terbuka dengan Utsmaniyah, menyatakan bahwa mereka akan menjadi vasal Mehmed.<ref name="Frasheri308">Frashëri p. 308.</ref>
Dengan adanya konflik internal, [[ekonomi]] yang hancur, dan pasukan lemah, Skanderbeg menyadari bahwa ia perlu membuat aliansi dengan negara kuat agar Liga dapat terus bertahan.<!--Pertama-tama ia mendekati [[Republik Venesia]] dengan menawarkan aliansi militer dan semaca vassalhood to the Republic of Venice,<ref name="Frasheri308"/> but the Republic was then enjoying good relations with the Ottomans and thus refused Skanderbeg's offer. [[Papal States|Rome]] offered some monetary help, but Skanderbeg was looking for more. Skanderbeg then turned to [[Alfonso V of Aragon]] who then controlled [[Kingdom of Sicily|Naples and Sicily]]. Alfonso wanted to expand [[Crown of Aragon|his empire]] from [[Gibraltar]] to the [[Bosphorus]].<ref name="Frasheri308"/> In order to realize his dreams, he would need a bridgehead in the [[Balkans]] from where he could march to [[Constantinople]]. Alfonso thus took up the offer to establish diplomatic relations with Skanderbeg and his Albanian allies.<ref name="Frasheri309">Frashëri p. 309.</ref>
The process was not without obstacles, however. The Neapolitan nobles distrusted Skanderbeg since the [[Kastrioti]] family had previously been allied with Venice. Alfonso himself had been offended when he asked Skanderbeg to attack [[Albania Veneta|Venice]] along with [[Đurađ Branković]] and the Albanian refused. Alfonso was also a devout Christian and found it uneasy to ally with Skanderbeg who had previously practiced [[Islam]] in the Ottoman court.<ref name="Frasheri309"/> On the other hand, Skanderbeg had been disillusioned when Alfonso failed to send any troops to Krujë when they were most needed. But things changed once Skanderbeg had thwarted the Ottoman Army. Both Venice and Alfonso grew an interest in expanding their powers in the [[Adriatic Sea|Adriatic]] and the [[Ionian Sea|Ionian]]. On 26 March 1451, the [[Treaty of Gaeta]] was signed, creating an Albanian-Aragonese alliance.<ref name="Frasheri309"/>
Skanderbeg also sent diplomats to other Italian states. In August 1451, along with Venice he sent messages to [[Francesco Sforza]], then [[duke of Milan]], and [[Republic of Siena|Siena]] to inform them of his victory over the Turks and of the desperate need for supplies to continue combating the Ottoman armies, but no aid was received.<ref>Frashëri pp. 319-320.</ref> Venice responded that she wished to see the Albanians and the Turks settle for peace, whereas Sforza's response hinged upon the excuse that his state was not financially sound and that his soldiers were not meant to help an Albanian prince. Only [[Republic of Ragusa|Ragusa]] offered a large amount of ducats.<ref name="Frasheri320">Frashëri p. 320.</ref>-->
== Referensi ==
=== Catatan bawah ===
{{
=== Daftar bacaan ===
{{Refbegin}}
* {{citation|last=Francione|first=Gennaro|year=2003|title=Skenderbeu: Një hero modern|publisher=Shtëpia botuese "Naim Frashëri"|isbn=992738758}}
* {{citation|last=Franco|first=Demetrio|year=1539|title=Comentario de le cose de' Turchi, et del S. Georgio Scanderbeg, principe d' Epyr|publisher=Altobello Salkato|isbn=99943-1-042-9}}
Baris 30 ⟶ 47:
* {{citation|last=Schmaus|first=Alois|year=1969|title=Beiträge zur Kenntnis Südosteuropas und des Nahen Orients|volume=Volume 8|publisher=Trofenik|oclc=2368272}}
{{Refend}}
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[[Kategori:Albania abad pertengahan]]
[[Kategori:Skanderbeg]]
[[Kategori:Perang yang melibatkan Albania]]
[[Kategori:Sejarah militer Albania]]
[[Kategori:Konflik
▲[[en:Mehmed II's first Albanian campaign]]
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