Provinsi Timur, Sri Lanka: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 1:
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name = Provinsi Timur<br> (''Eastern Province'')
| native_name = {{lang|ta|கிழக்கு மாகாணம்}}<br />{{lang|si|නැගෙනහිර පළාත}}
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[Provinsi di Sri Lanka|Provinsi]]
<!-- images, nickname, motto --->
| image_skyline = Batticaloa lagoon, sunset.jpg
| imagesize = 250px
| image_alt =
| image_caption = ''Sunset'' di [[Laguna|Laguna Batticaloa]]
| image_flag = Eastern Province Flag (SRI LANKA).png
| flag_alt =
| image_seal =
| seal_size =
| seal_alt =
| image_blank_emblem =
| blank_emblem_type =
| blank_emblem_size =
| nickname =
| motto =
| anthem =
<!-- maps and coordinates ------>
| image_map = Sri Lanka Eastern Province locator map.svg
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Lokasi di Sri Lanka
| coordinates = {{coord|07|55|N|81|30|E|region:LK_type:adm1st|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint =
| coordinates_footnotes =
<!-- location ------------------>
| subdivision_type = Negara
| subdivision_name = [[Sri Lanka]]
<!-- established --------------->
| established_title = Dibentuk
| established_date = 1 Oktober 1833
| established_title1 = Dewan Provinsi
| established_date1 = 14 November 1987
| founder =
<!-- seat, smaller parts ------->
| seat_type = [[Ibukota]]
| seat = [[Trincomalee]]
| seat1_type = Kota besar
| seat1 = [[Kalmunai]]
| parts_type = [[Distrik di Sri Lanka|Distrik]]
| parts_style = Daftar
| parts =
| p1 = [[Distrik Ampara|Ampara]]
| p2 = [[Distrik Batticaloa|Batticaloa]]
| p3 = [[Distrik Trincomalee|Trincomalee]]
<!-- government type, leaders -->
| government_footnotes =
| government_type = Dewan Provinsi
| governing_body = Dewan Provinsi Timur
| leader_title = [[Gubernur]]
| leader_name = [[Anuradha Yahampath]]
| leader_title1 = Kepala Menteri
| leader_name1 =
| leader_title2 = [[Parlemen Sri Lanka|Parlemen]]
| leader_name2 = {{Collapsible list
| title = Daftar
| [[P. Ariyanethiran]]
| [[A. L. M. Athaullah]]
| [[P. Dayaratna]]
| [[Cassim Faizal]]
| M. K. A. S. Gunawardena
| [[H. M. M. Harees]]
| [[M. L. A. M. Hisbullah]]
| [[Podiappuhamy Piyasena]]
| [[Susantha Punchinilame]]
| [[R. Sampanthan]]
| [[Basheer Segu Dawood]]
| [[P. Selvarasa]]
| [[M. S. Thowfeek]]
| [[Sriyani Wijewickrama]]
| [[S. Yogeswaran]]
}}
<!-- display settings --------->
| unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
<!-- area ---------------------->
| area_footnotes = <ref name=area/>
| area_total_km2 = 9996
| area_land_km2 = 9361
| area_water_km2 = 635
| area_water_percent = 6.35
| area_rank = Ke-2 (15.24% dari total area)
| area_note =
<!-- elevation ----------------->
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
<!-- population ---------------->
| population_footnotes = <ref name=2012eth/>
| population_total = 1551381
| population_rank = Ke-6 (7.66% dari pop.)
| population_as_of = Sensus 2012
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_note =
<!-- demographics (section 1) -->
| demographics_type1 = [[Demografi Sri Lanka#People|Etnis]]
| demographics1_footnotes = (SSensus 2012)<ref name=2012eth/>
| demographics1_title1 = [[Suku Tamil|Tamil Sri Lanka]]
| demographics1_info1 = 609,584 (39.29%)
| demographics1_title2 = [[Suku Moor|Moor Sri Lanka]]
| demographics1_info2 = 569,182 (36.69%)
| demographics1_title3 = [[Suku Sinhala|Sinhala]]
| demographics1_info3 = 359,136 (23.15%)
| demographics1_title4 = [[India|Tamil India]]
| demographics1_info4 = 7,711 (0.50%)
| demographics1_title5 = Lainnya
| demographics1_info5 = 5,768 (0.37%)
<!-- demographics (section 2) -->
| demographics_type2 = [[Agama di Sri Lanka|Agama]]
| demographics2_footnotes = (Sensus 2012)<ref name=2012rel/>
| demographics2_title1 = [[Islam di Sri Lanka|Muslim]]
| demographics2_info1 = 575,936 (37.12%)
| demographics2_title2 = [[Hindu di Sri Lanka|Hindu]]
| demographics2_info2 = 539,570 (34.78%)
| demographics2_title3 = [[Buddha di Sri Lanka|Buddha]]
| demographics2_info3 = 354,772 (22.87%)
| demographics2_title4 = [[Kekristenan di Sri Lanka|Kristen]]
| demographics2_info4 = 80,801 (5.21%)
| demographics2_title5 = Lainnya
| demographics2_info5 = 302 (0.02%)
<!-- time zone(s) -------------->
| timezone1 = Sri Lanka
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
<!-- postal codes, area code --->
| postal_code_type = Kode Pos
| postal_code = 30000-32999
| area_code_type = Kode Telepon
| area_code = 026, 063, 065, 067
| geocode =
| iso_code = LK-5
| registration_plate = EP
<!-- blank fields (section 1) -->
| blank_name_sec1 = Bahasa resmi
| blank_info_sec1 = [[Bahasa Tamil|Tamil]], [[Bahasa Sinhala|Sinhala]]
<!-- website, footnotes -------->
| website = {{URL|www.ep.gov.lk}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Provinsi Timur''' ({{lang-ta|கிழக்கு மாகாணம்}} ''Kil̮akku Mākāṇam''; {{lang-si|නැගෙනහිර පළාත}} ''Næ̆gĕnahira Paḷāta'') adalah salah satu dari sembilan provinsi di [[Sri Lanka]], [[divisi administratif]] tingkat satu di negara tersebut. Antara 1988 dan 2006, provinsi tersebut secara temporer digabung dengan [[Provinsi Utara, Sri Lanka|Provinsi Utara]] untuk membentuk [[Provinsi Timur Laut, Sri Lanka|Provinsi Timur Laut]]. [[Ibukota]] provinsi tersebut adalah [[Trincomalee]].
==
[[File:Batticaloa lagoon, fishing boats.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Perahu nelayan di laguna Batticaloa]]
Provinsi Timur memiliki luas wilayah {{convert|9996|km2|sqmi}}.<ref name=area>{{cite web|title=Area of Sri Lanka by province and district |url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/Abstract2011/CHAP1/AB1-1.pdf |work=Statistical Abstract 2011 |publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113190301/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/Abstract2011/CHAP1/AB1-1.pdf |archive-date=2012-11-13 }}</ref> Provinsi ini dikelilingi oleh [[Provinsi Utara, Sri Lanka|Provinsi Utara]] di sebelah Utara, [[Teluk Benggala]] di sebelah Timur, [[Provinsi Selatan, Sri Lanka|Provinsi Selatan]] di sebelah Selatan , dan provinsi [[Provinsi Uva, Sri Lanka|Uva]], [[Provinsi Tengah, Sri Lanka|Tengah]] dan [[Provinsi Tengah Utara, Sri Lanka|Tengah Utara]] di sebelah Barat.
Di pesisir pantai provinsi ini didominasi oleh [[laguna]], yang terbesar adalah [[Laguna Batticaloa]], [[Laguna Kokkilai]], [[Laguna Upaar]] dan [[Laguna Ullackalie]].
{{clear left}}
== Wilayah administrasi, kota besar dan kota kecil ==
===Wilayah administrasi ===
Provinsi Timur dibagi menjadi 3 [[Distrik di Sri Lanka|distrik administratif]], 45 [[Sekretariat Divisional Sri Lanka]] (Divisi DS) dan 1.085 Divisi [[Grama Niladhari]] (Divisi GN).
{| class="wikitable" border="1" style="text-align:right;"
|-
! style="vertical-align:bottom;" rowspan=2|[[Distrik di Sri Lanka|Distrik]]
! style="vertical-align:bottom;" rowspan=2|[[Ibukota]]
! style="vertical-align:bottom;" rowspan=2|[[Sekretaris|Sekretaris Divisi]]
! style="vertical-align:bottom;" rowspan=2|Divisi [[Sekretariat Divisional Sri Lanka|DS]]
! style="vertical-align:bottom;" rowspan=2|Divisi [[Grama Niladhari|GN]]
! style="vertical-align:bottom;" rowspan=2|Total<br />Area<br />(km<sup>2</sup>)<ref name=area/>
! style="vertical-align:bottom;" rowspan=2|Darat<br />Area<br />(km<sup>2</sup>)<ref name=area/>
! colspan=6|Populasi (sensus 2012)<ref name=2012eth/>
! style="vertical-align:bottom;" rowspan=2|Kepadatan<br />Penduduk<br />(/km<sup>2</sup>)
|-
! style="width:70px;"|[[Suku Tamil|Tamil Sri Lanka]] || style="width:70px;"|[[Suku Moor|Moor Sri Lanka]] || style="vertical-align:bottom; width:70px;"|[[Suku Sinhala|Sinhala]] || style="width:70px;"|[[India|Tamil India]]|| style="vertical-align:bottom; width:70px;"|Lainnya || style="vertical-align:bottom; width:70px;"|Total
|-
| align=left|[[Distrik Ampara|Ampara]] || align=left|[[Ampara]] || align=left|Thusitha P Wanigasinghe || 20 || 507 || 4,415 || 4,222 || 112,750 || 282,484 || 251,018 || 165 || 1,640 || '''648,057''' || 147
|-
| align=left|[[Distrik Batticaloa|Batticaloa]] || align=left|[[Batticaloa]] || align=left|P. S. M. Charles || 14 || 348 || 2,854 || 2,610 || 381,285 || 133,844 || 6,127 || 1,015 || 2,871 || '''525,142''' || 184
|-
| align=left|[[Distrik Trincomalee|Trincomalee]] || align=left|[[Trincomalee]] || align=left|T. Thissa Ranjith de Silva || 11 || 230 || 2,727 || 2,529 || 115,549 || 152,854 || 101,991 || 6,531 || 1,257 || '''378,182''' || 139
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| align=left colspan=3|Total || 45 || 1,085 || 9,996 || 9,361 || 609,584 || 569,182 || 359,136 || 7,711 || 5,768 || 1,551,381 || 155
|}
=== Kota-kota besar dan kecil ===
{{see also|Daftar kota di Provinsi Timur, Sri Lanka}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="text-align:left;"
|-
! valign=bottom|Kota besar/kecil
! valign=bottom|[[Distrik di Sri Lanka|Distrik]]
! <small>Populasi<br />(2012<br />perkiraan)</small><ref>{{cite web|title=Sri Lanka: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population|url=http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&des=wg&geo=-127&srt=pnan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500|publisher=World Gazetteer|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902154100/http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&des=wg&geo=-127&srt=pnan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500|archive-date=2011-09-02}}</ref>
|-
| [[Kalmunai]] || [[Distrik Ampara|Ampara]] || align=right|106,783
|-
| [[Trincomalee]] || [[Distrik Trincomalee|Trincomalee]] || align=right|99,135
|-
| [[Batticaloa]] || [[Distrik Batticaloa|Batticaloa]] || align=right|92,332
|-
| [[Kattankudy]] || [[Distrik Batticaloa|Batticaloa]] || align=right|40,883
|-
| [[Eravur]] || [[Distrik Batticaloa|Batticaloa]] || align=right|25,582
|-
| [[Ampara]] || [[Distrik Ampara|Ampara]] || align=right|20,309
|}
== Demografi ==
=== Populasi ===
Populasi provinsi Timur pada tahun [[2012]] berjumlah 1.551.381 [[jiwa]].<ref name=2012eth/> Provinsi ini menjadi provinsi yang paling beragam di Sri Lanka, baik secara [[etnis]] maupun [[agama]].
Penduduk provinsi ini, sama halnya dengan Provinsi Utara, sangat terpengaruh oleh [[Perang Saudara Sri Lanka|perang saudara]]. Perang tersebut menewaskan sekitar 100.000 orang.<ref>{{cite web |title=Up to 100,000 killed in Sri Lanka's civil war: UN |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/05/20/2576543.htm |date=20 May 2009 |publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)]]}}</ref> Beberapa ratus ribu orang Tamil Sri Lanka, mungkin sebanyak satu juta, beremigrasi ke [[Dunia Barat|Barat]] selama terjadinya perang.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3090111.stm | work=[[BBC News]] | title=Twenty years on - riots that led to war | date=23 July 2003 | first=Frances | last=Harrison}}</ref> Banyak orang Tamil Sri Lanka juga pindah ke [[ibukota]] negara yakni [[Kolombo]] karena kondisinya yang relatif aman. Konflik ini juga telah menyebabkan beberapa orang Tamil, Moor dan Sinhala yang tinggal di provinsi itu mengungsi ke bagian lain Sri Lanka, meskipun kebanyakan dari mereka telah kembali ke provinsi itu sejak berakhirnya perang saudara.
=== Etnis ===
{| class="wikitable" border="1" style="text-align:right;"
|+ '''Populasi di Provinsi Timur menurut etnis tahun 1881 hingga 2012'''<ref name=2012eth>{{cite web|title=A2 : Population by ethnic group according to districts, 2012|url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/index.php?fileName=pop42&gp=Activities&tpl=3|work=Census of Population & Housing, 2011|publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka|access-date=2021-05-06|archive-date=2017-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170428063924/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/index.php?fileName=pop42&gp=Activities&tpl=3|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name=2007enuamp>{{cite web|title=Special Enumeration 2007, Ampara|url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/Preliminary%20Reports%20Special%20Enumeration%202007/Basic%20Population%20Information%20on%20Ampara%20District%202007.pdf|publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka|access-date=2021-05-06|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924120925/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/Preliminary%20Reports%20Special%20Enumeration%202007/Basic%20Population%20Information%20on%20Ampara%20District%202007.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name=2007enubat>{{cite web|title=Special Enumeration 2007, Batticaloa|url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/Preliminary%20Reports%20Special%20Enumeration%202007/Basic%20Population%20Information%20of%20Batticaloa%20District%202007.pdf|publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka|access-date=2021-05-06|archive-date=2015-08-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150807040754/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/Preliminary%20Reports%20Special%20Enumeration%202007/Basic%20Population%20Information%20of%20Batticaloa%20District%202007.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name=2007enutri>{{cite web|title=Special Enumeration 2007, Trincomalee|url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/Preliminary%20Reports%20Special%20Enumeration%202007/Basic%20Population%20Information%20on%20Trincomalee%20District%202007.pdf|publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka|access-date=2021-05-06|archive-date=2012-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120706210337/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/Preliminary%20Reports%20Special%20Enumeration%202007/Basic%20Population%20Information%20on%20Trincomalee%20District%202007.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Demographic Changes by the LTTE Peace Secretariat, April 2008|url=http://www.sangam.org/2008/05/Demographic_Changes.pdf|publisher=Sangam}}</ref>
|-
! style="vertical-align:bottom;" rowspan=2|Year
! colspan=2|[[Tamil people|Tamil]]{{Efn|[[Sri Lankan Tamil people|Sri Lankan Tamil]] and [[Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka|Indian Tamil]].}}
! colspan=2|[[Islam in Sri Lanka|Muslim]]{{Efn|[[Sri Lankan Moors]] and [[Sri Lankan Malays]].}}
! colspan=2|[[Sinhalese people|Sinhalese]]
! colspan=2|Other
! style="vertical-align:bottom;" rowspan=2|'''Total'''<br />'''No.'''
|-
! style="width:60px;"|No. || style="width:50px;"|% || style="width:60px;"|No. || style="width:50px;"|% || style="width:60px;"|No. || style="width:50px;"|% || style="width:60px;"|No. || style="width:50px;"|%
|-
| align=left|1881 Census || 75,318 || 58.96% || 43,001 || 33.66% || 5,947 || 4.66% || 3,489 || 2.73% || '''127,755'''
|-
| align=left|1891 Census || 86,701 || 58.41% || 51,206 || 34.50% || 7,508 || 5.06% || 3,029 || 2.04% || '''148,444'''
|-
| align=left|1901 Census || 96,917 || 55.83% || 62,448 || 35.97% || 8,778 || 5.06% || 5,459 || 3.14% || '''173,602'''
|-
| align=left|1911 Census || 101,181 || 55.08% || 70,395 || 38.32% || 6,909 || 3.76% || 5,213 || 2.84% || '''183,698'''
|-
| align=left|1921 Census || 103,245 || 53.54% || 75,992 || 39.41% || 8,744 || 4.53% || 4,840 || 2.51% || '''192,821'''
|-
| align=left|1946 Census || 136,059 || 48.75% || 109,024 || 39.06% || 23,456 || 8.40% || 10,573 || 3.79% || '''279,112'''
|-
| align=left|1953 Census || 167,898 || 47.37% || 135,322 || 38.18% || 46,470 || 13.11% || 4,720 || 1.33% || '''354,410'''
|-
| align=left|1963 Census || 246,059 || 45.03% || 184,434 || 33.75% || 108,636 || 19.88% || 7,345 || 1.34% || '''546,474'''
|-
| align=left|1971 Census || 315,566 || 43.98% || 247,178 || 34.45% || 148,572 || 20.70% || 6,255 || 0.87% || '''717,571'''
|-
| align=left|1981 Census || 410,156 || 42.06% || 315,436 || 32.34% || 243,701 || 24.99% || 5,988 || 0.61% || '''975,251'''
|-
| align=left|2001 Census{{Efn|2001 Census was only carried out partially in the Eastern province.}} || n/a || n/a || n/a || n/a || n/a || n/a || n/a || n/a || '''n/a'''
|-
| align=left|2007 Enumeration || 590,132 || 40.39% || 549,857 || 37.64% || 316,101 || 21.64% || 4,849 || 0.33% || '''1,460,939'''
|-
| align=left|2012 Census || 617,295 || 39.79% || 569,738 || 36.72% || 359,136 || 23.15% || 5,212 || 0.34% || '''1,551,381'''
|}
=== Agama ===
{| class="wikitable" border="1" style="text-align:right;"
|+ '''Populasi Provinsi Timur menurut agama tahun 1981 hingga 2012'''<ref name=2012rel>{{cite web|title=A3 : Population by religion according to districts, 2012|url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/index.php?fileName=pop43&gp=Activities&tpl=3|work=Census of Population & Housing, 2011|publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka|access-date=2021-05-06|archive-date=2019-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107065148/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/index.php?fileName=pop43&gp=Activities&tpl=3|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Population by religion and district, Census 1981, 2001 |url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/Abstract2011/CHAP2/AB2-15.pdf |work=Statistical Abstract 2011 |publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113190535/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/Abstract2011/CHAP2/AB2-15.pdf |archive-date=2012-11-13 }}</ref>
|-
! style="vertical-align:bottom;" rowspan=2|Tahun
! style="vertical-align:bottom;" colspan=2|[[Islam di Sri Lanka|Muslim]]
! style="vertical-align:bottom;" colspan=2|[[Hinduisme di Sri Lanka|Hindu]]
! style="vertical-align:bottom;" colspan=2|[[Buddhisme di Sri Lanka|Buddha]]
! style="vertical-align:bottom;" colspan=2|[[Kekristenan di Sri Lanka|Kristen]]{{Efn|Termasuk Katolik Roma dan aliran Protestan lainnya.}}
! style="vertical-align:bottom;" colspan=2|Lainnya
! style="vertical-align:bottom;" rowspan=2|'''Total'''<br />'''Jumlah'''
|-
! style="width:60px;"|Jumlah || style="width:50px;"|% || style="width:60px;"|Jumlah|| style="width:50px;"|% || style="width:60px;"|Jumlah || style="width:50px;"|% || style="width:60px;"|Jumlah || style="width:50px;"|% || style="width:60px;"|Jumlah || style="width:50px;"|%
|-
| align=left|Sensus 1981 || 317,354 || 32.54% || 372,464 || 38.19% || 237,416 || 24.34% || 47,112 || 4.83% || 905 || 0.09% || '''975,251'''
|-
| align=left|Sensus 2012 || 575,936 || 37.12% || 539,570 || 34.78% || 354,772 || 22.87% || 80,801 || 5.21% || 302 || 0.02% || '''1,551,381'''
|}
<gallery>
Jami-Us-Salam Jummah Masjid - mosque in Batticaloa town.JPG|[[Masjid]] Jami-Us-Salam Jummah, sebuah masjid di Batticaloa
Thirukoneswaram Kovil.jpg | [[Kuil]] Koneswaram
Deegawapi.jpg | [[Vihara]] Deegawapi [[Deegavapi Raja Maha Viharaya]]
Church of Our Lady of Presentation - Batticaloa.jpg |[[Gereja]] "Our Lady of Presentation", di Batticaloa
</gallery>
== Catatan ==
{{Notelist|4}}
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist}}
== Pranala luar ==
{{Commonscat|Eastern Province, Sri Lanka|Provinsi Timur, Sri Lanka}}
* {{URL|1=http://www.ep.gov.lk/|2=Eastern Provincial Council}}
{{Distrik di Sri Lanka}}
{{Provinsi di Sri Lanka}}
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