Struktur Batu Besar: Perbedaan antara revisi

 

== Penemuan ==

 

<!--The first of two notable written finds at the site is a [[Seal (device)|bulla]] (seal) of a government official named [[Jehucal]], son of Shelemiah, son of Shevi. This person seems to be mentioned (twice) in the [[Book of Jeremiah]] and thus presumably lived in the late 7th or early 6th century BC (i.e. at about the same time as [[Jeremiah]]).<ref name=nytimes>{{cite news|title=King David's Palace Is Found, Archaeologist Says |last=Erlanger |first=Steven |date=2005-08-05 |accessdate=2007-05-24 |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/05/international/middleeast/05jerusalem.html?ex=1280894400&en=3c435bc7bd0cd531&ei=5088 |publisher=The New York Times}}</ref> The second bulla discovered at this site is that of another government official, Gedaliah, son of Pashhur, of that same time period, who also seems to be named in the [[Book of Jeremiah]].<ref>Eilat Mazar, ''The Palace of King David: Excavations at the Summit of the City of David: Preliminary Report of Seasons 2005-2007'' (Jerusalem and New York: Shoham Academic Research and Publication, 2009), 66-71. The identity of the seal owners as the biblical officials named in the book of Jeremiah is found to be very reasonable and—in light of the discovery of bullae in the City of David belonging to biblical persons Gemariah son of Shaphan (and, arguably, Azariah son of Hilkiah the priest)—entirely plausible, in Lawrence J. Mykytiuk, "Corrections and Updates to 'Identifying Biblical Persons in Northwest Semitic Inscriptions of 1200-539 B.C.E.'" ''Maarav'' 16/1 (2009): 85-100. Distinctive features of the writing on the bullae indicate that all the above-mentioned bullae are from the late 7th or early 6th century BC.</ref>

Mazar believes that the Stepped Stone Structure connects with and supports the Large Stone Structure.<ref>Mazar, Eilat, Excavations at the Summit of the City of David, Preliminary Report of Seasons 2005-2007, Shoham, Jerusalem and New York, 2009.</ref> Mazar presents evidence that the Large Stone Structure was an Israelite royal palace in continuous use from the 10th century until 586 BCE. Her conclusion that the stepped stone structure and the large stone structure are parts of a single, massive royal palace makes sense of the biblical reference to the [[Millo]] as the House of Millo in II Kings 12:21 and II Chronicles 24:25, describing it as the place where King [[Joash]] was assassinated in 799 BCE while he slept in his bed. Millo is derived from "fill", (Hebrew ''milui''). The stepped stone support structure is built of fills.<ref>Mazar, Eilat, Excavations at the Summit of the City of David, Preliminary Report of Seasons 2005-2007, Shoham, Jerusalem and New York, 2009, p. 67.</ref>

 

 

Perbaikan yang dilakukan oleh Hizkia pada Milo dicatat di dalam daftar perbaikan pertahanan militer, dan beberapa sarjana umumnya percaya bahwa Milo ini berhubungan dengan aktivitas militer, seperti [[menara]], [[:en:citadel|citadel]], atau sekedar bagian penting pada suatu tembok.<ref>''[[Peake's commentary on the Bible]]''; ''[[Jewish Encyclopedia]]''</ref> Namun, istilah [[cognate]] ''mulu'', dari [[bahasa Aram]] [[Asyur]], merujuk kepada bangunan dari tanah,<ref>''Jewish Encyclopedia''</ref> sehingga dianggap lebih mungkin suatu tanggul yang meratakan lereng antara [[Ofel]] dan Bukit Bait Suci (''[[Al-Haram asy-Syarif]]'').<ref>''[[Peake's commentary on the Bible]]''</ref>

 

== Tafsiran ==

 

As of 2007, archaeologists not affiliated with the Shalem Center, particularly the group centered on Tel Aviv University, of which [[Israel Finkelstein]] is the leader, doubted that enough evidence had yet been produced to reliably date the structure. The Tel Aviv University group also suggested that the walls unearthed by Mazar do not belong to a single building, arguing that the more substantial, more regular walls to the west of the site align with a larger rectangular structure, including upper parts of the Stepped Stone Structure, and a [[mikveh]] ritual bath believed to have been used in the [[Hasmonean]] period; while what they consider the flimsier irregular remains on the eastern side of the site should be treated as a separate entity.<ref name="Finkelstein2007">{{cite journal |last1=Finkelstein |first1=Israel |authorlink=Israel Finkelstein |authorlink2=Ze'ev Herzog |authorlink3=Lily Singer-Avitz |authorlink4=David Ussishkin |last2=Herzog |first2=Ze'ev |last3=Singer-Avitz |first3=Lily |last4=Ussishkin |first4=David |year=2007 |title=Has King David's Palace in Jerusalem Been Found? |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/humanities/archaeology/info/TA34-2_King_David.pdf |format=PDF |journal=Tel Aviv: Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University |volume=34 |issue=2|pages=142–164}}</ref> In 2005 [[Amihai Mazar]] suggested that the site may be a [[Jebusite]] fortress—the ''fortress of [[Zion]]'' that the Books of Samuel claim was conquered by David.<ref name=sandiego>Steven Erlanger, [http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20050824/news_1c24david.html "King David's palace found? Scholars differ"], ''[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]'' (''New York Times'' news service), August 24, 2005</ref>

Archaeological support for Mazar's dating and attribution to a 10th-century Israelite king may have increased following finds at [[Khirbet Qeiyafa]], viewed by some archaeologists and paleographers as confirming the existence of a centralized and powerful Israelite kingdom in the early 10th century. According to an article by Hershel Shanks in the ''[[Biblical Archaeology Review]]'', the findings refute [[Israel Finkelstein]]'s assertion that at most the Hebrew population that existed in Jerusalem in that era was a "tribal chiefdom". In the article, Shanks contends that an Israelite fortress of this scale establishes the existence of a strong, centralized Israelite kingdom at the time of David.<ref>Shanks, Hershel, "'Oldest Hebrew inscription' Discovered in Israelite Fort on Philistine border," ''Biblical Archaeology Review'', March/April 2010, p. 52.</ref><ref>Govier, Gordon "Archaeology: What an Ancient Hebrew Note Might Mean" ''Christianity Today'' 1/18/2010 [http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2010/januaryweb-only/13-11.0.html]</ref> On the other hand, Finkelstein contests the averaging procedure used in the Khirbet Qeiyafa dating, maintaining that, taken properly, the data reflect a lifespan for that site rather than a single date, and that the Khirbet Qeiyafa results "line up with the large number of measurements from late Iron I sites in both the north and south of Israel and support the Low Chronology."<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Finkelstein |first1=Israel |last2=Piasetzky |first2=Eli |year=2010 |title=Khirbet Qeiyafa: Absolute Chronology |url=http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/maney/tav/2010/00000037/00000001/art00006 |journal=Tel Aviv: Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University |volume=37 |issue=1|pages=84–88 |doi=10.1179/033443510x12632070179621}}</ref>

-->

 

== Lihat pula ==

* [[:en:Biblical archeology|Arkeologi Alkitab]]

* [[:en:Archeology in 2005|Arkeologi tahun 2005]]

 

[[Kategori:Yerusalem]]