Wikipedia

Mwai Kibaki: Perbedaan antara revisi

Jelajahi riwayat secara interaktif
← Revisi sebelumnya
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
VisualTeks wiki
MelancholieBot (bicara | kontrib)
Bot
31.862 suntingan
k clean up
 
(31 revisi perantara oleh 24 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1:
{{Infobox_President
| name=Mwai Kibaki <br /> (Nama Baptis '''<small>Emilio Stanley''')
| nationality=Kenya
| image = Mwai Kibaki, October 2003.jpg
| order=[[Presiden Kenya]] ke-3
| term_start=[[30 Desember]] [[2002]]
| term_end=Sekarang9 April 2013
| vicepresident = [[Michael Wamalwa Kijana]]<br />[[Moody Awori]]<br />[[Kalonzo Musyoka]]
| predecessor=[[Daniel arap Moi]]
| successor= Sedang[[Uhuru MenjabatKenyatta]]
| birth_date={{birth date and age|1931|11|15}}
| birth_place = [[Gatuyaini]], [[Othaya]], [[Distrik Nyeri|Nyeri]], [[Koloni Kenya]]
|death_date = {{death date and age|2022|4|21|1931|11|15|df=y}}
| death_date=
| death_place=
| spouse=[[Mary Wambui]] (k. 1961; w. 2016)
|party = KANU (1963–1992)<br>DP (1992–2007)<br>PNU (2007–2013)
| party = [[Partai Nasional Bersatu (Kenya)|PNU]]
| religion = [[Katolik Roma]]
}}
'''Emilio Stanley Mwai Kibaki''' (lahir [[15 November]] [[1931]] – [[21 April]] [[2022]]) adalah [[Presiden Kenya|kepalaPresiden negarake-3]] [[Kenya]] saatdari Desember 2002 hingga April ini2013. Sebelumnya, Mwai Kibaki adalah [[Wakil Presiden Kenya|Wakil Presiden]] (1978 - 19881978–1988). Ia juga pernah menjabat [[Menteri Keuangan Kenya|menteri keuangan]] (1978 - 19811978–1981) dan [[Menteri Urusan Dalam Negeri Kenya|menteri dalam negeri]] (1982 - 19881982–1988) serta [[Menteri Kesehatan Kenya|menteri kesehatan]] (1988 - 19911988–1991).<ref>[http://people.africadatabase.org/en/person/6256.html List of positions held] at Africa Database</ref>.
 
Ia menerima nama baptisanbaptis '''Emilio Stanley''' oleh misionaris [[Italia]] semasa muda, tetapi nama itu tak terlalu dipergunakan sehingga tidak dikenal.
 
Ia seorang ekonom dan pimpinan partai politik. Lahir di Gatuyaini Village, divisi [[Othaya]] di distrik [[Nyeri]] (sebuah desa penghasil kopi di kaki pegunungan Kenya), Kibaki sebagai anak muda pasangan Kibaki Githinji dan Teresia Wanjiku. Ia berasal dari suku [[Kikuyu|suku Kikuyu]] yang merupakan suku terbesar di Kenya. Menjinjing tas kecil dan mengenakan kaus kumal ketika berangkat ke Universitas Makarere di [[Uganda]] adalah hal yang biasa dilakukannya.
 
Ia menempuh pendidikan dua tahun di ''Gatuyaini School'', tiga tahun di ''Karima Mission School'', ''Mathari Boarding Primary School'' (periode [[1944]]-–[[1946]]). Ia juga studi di [[Mang'u High School]] ([[1947]]-–[[1950]]) dan lulus dengan nilai tertinggi. Selain itu, ia juga belajar EconomiEkonomi, Sejarah, dan Pengetahuan Politik di [[Universitas Makerere University College]], [[Kampala]], [[Uganda]]. Setamat studi, ia memimpin ''Kenya Students' Association''. Pada [[1955]], ia menerima beasiswa untuk belajar di ''[[London School of Economics]]''. Ketika pulang kampung, ia mengajar ekonomi di [[Makarere]] sembari terlibat dalam [[Pemberontakan Mau Mau|gerakan kemerdekaan [[Mau Mau]] melawan [[Inggris]]. Ia terlibat menulis konstitusi Kenya.
 
Setelah kemerdekaan Kenya, ia ikut mengabdi dalam dua pemerintahan yang dipimpin oleh Presiden [[Jomo Kenyatta]] dan Presiden [[Daniel arap Moi]] meskipun ia kemudian dipecat oleh Moi. Kibaki lalu mendirikan partai oposisi yang diberi nama Partai Demokratis Kenya pada [[1991]]. Pada [[1992]] dan [[1997]], ia berupaya meraih kursi presiden tetapi gagal. Ia terpilih menjadi [[Presiden Kenya]] pada pemilu [[28 Desember]] [[2002]] dengan 63% suara.
 
Keberhasilannya menyatukan partai oposisi dan menyingkirkan kandidat Partai [[Persatuan Nasional Afrika Kenya]] ([[KANU]]:; ''Kenya Afrikan Nation Union'') bernama [[Uhuru Kenyatta]] pantas menuai sukses. Tahun [[2005]], ia menyodorkan konstitusi baru melalui sebuah referendum. Sebanyak 60% pemilih menolak konstitusi. Penolakan dinilai banyak pihak sebagai wujud meningkatnya kekecewaan rakyat, dianggap menciptakan [[kediktatoran]] baru, dan kegagalannya dalam memerangi korupsi. Ia pun kemudian membubarkan kabinet.▼
[[Berkas:Mwai_Kibaki.jpg|thumb|Presiden Mwai Kibaki]]
▲Keberhasilannya menyatukan partai oposisi dan menyingkirkan kandidat Partai Persatuan Nasional Afrika Kenya ([[KANU]]: ''Kenya Afrikan Nation Union'') bernama [[Uhuru Kenyatta]] pantas menuai sukses. Tahun [[2005]], ia menyodorkan konstitusi baru melalui sebuah referendum. Sebanyak 60% pemilih menolak konstitusi. Penolakan dinilai banyak pihak sebagai wujud meningkatnya kekecewaan rakyat, dianggap menciptakan kediktatoran baru, dan kegagalannya dalam memerangi korupsi. Ia pun kemudian membubarkan kabinet.
<!--
==KANU==
After obtaining a B.Sc. with distinction in Public Finance at the [[London School of Economics]], he became economics lecturer at Makerere. In early [[1960]] however, he gave up his job to become executive officer of [[KANU]]. He helped to draft the constitution of Kenya. In the [[1963]] elections, he took the then Donholm constituency (subsequently called Bahati and now known as [[Makadara]]). He has been a member of parliament (MP) ever since.
 
His election was the start of a remarkable political career. Appointed Assistant Minister of Finance and chairman of the Economic Planning Commission in [[1963]], he was promoted to Minister of Commerce and Industry in [[1966]]. In [[1969]], he became Minister of Finance. In 1974 ''Time'' magazine rated him among the top 100 people in the world who had the potential to lead.
 
When [[Daniel arap Moi]] succeeded [[Jomo Kenyatta]] as President of Kenya, Kibaki was elevated to the [[Vice-President of Kenya|Vice Presidency]], but was allowed to keep the Finance portfolio, which he exchanged for that of Home Affairs in [[1982]]. Kibaki fell out of favour with President Moi in [[1988]], and was dropped as Vice President and moved to the Ministry of Health.
Baris 42 ⟶ 41:
In preparation of the [[2002]] elections, NAK allied itself with the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) to form the [[National Rainbow Coalition]] (NARC). On [[December 27]], [[2002]], NARC won a landslide victory over KANU. Kibaki got 62% of the votes in the presidential elections, against only 31% for the KANU candidate, [[Uhuru Kenyatta]]. On [[December 30]], [[2002]], Mwai Kibaki was sworn in as the third President of [[Kenya]].
 
Kibaki's first cabinet was a careful balancing act with one Minister, or Assistant Minister, coming from each of Kenya's forty-two areas. His Presidential style is very 'hands-off', unlike his predecessor who attempted to control everything from the centre. While Kibaki's style has the benefit of allowing his Ministers the freedom to manage their departments and introduce much needed reforms, he has been unwilling to give any public lead in the fight against corruption. To date, no senior figures have appeared in court on corruption charges, despite numerous investigations and no shortage of either targets or amunition.
 
In November [[2004]], in an ABC PrimeTime interview with [[Peter Jennings]], former US President [[Bill Clinton]] identified Kibaki as the one living person he would most like to meet "because of the Kenyan government's decision to abolish school fees for primary education". Clinton added that, by providing free and compulsory primary education, what Kibaki had done would affect more lives than any president had done or would ever do by the end of this year. The free education programme that has seen nearly 1.7 million more pupils enroll in school.
 
===2005 dismissal of cabinet===
Baris 56 ⟶ 55:
Though strongly supported by Kibaki, the majority of Kenya's citizens rejected it.
 
In consequence, Kibaki made a historic and decisive political move on [[November 23]], [[2005]] by dismissing his entire cabinet in the middle of his administration's term. About his decision Kibaki said, “Following the results of the Referendum, it has become necessary for me, as the President of the Republic, to re-organise my Government to make it more cohesive and better able to serve the people of Kenya".
 
Although the dismissal of individual officials is commonplace in government, the dissolution of the cabinet in its entirety is rare. The only member of the cabinet office to be spared a midterm exit was that of the [[Attorney General]] whose position is constitutionally protected against Kibaki's presidential powers. [[Vice President of Kenya|Vice President]] [[Moody Awori]] retained his post, however, as [[Minister of Home Affairs]]. The dismissal of the cabinet follows a seven month period in which its members never actually formally met, preferring to play political games with one another through the media. As stated above, corruption charges and investigations into the affairs of the cabinet had gone undisciplined by the president, who had been criticised for not reeling in his officials.
Baris 63 ⟶ 62:
 
==Private life==
He is married to [[Lucy Kibaki]], with whom he has one daughter, Judy Wanjiku, and three sons: Jimmy Kibaki, David Kagai, and Tony Githinji. Kibaki is also reported to have a second spouse, [[Mary Wambui]], with whom he has a daughter. Though officially the State House has denied Wambui status as his wife, she is provided all the trappings of a presidential spouse including armed bodyguards & limousines. [[Mary Wambui]] is also a [[National Rainbow Coalition]] activist.-->
 
== Pranala luar ==
{{Commons|Mwai Kibaki}}
{{wikiquote|Mwai Kibaki}}
* [http://kibaki.co.ke Situs resmi Mwai Kibaki] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071118134308/http://www.kibaki.co.ke/ |date=2007-11-18 }}
* [http://www.statehousekenya.go.ke/presidents/kibaki/kibaki-profile.pdf Profile of His Excellency Hon. Mwai Kibaki] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140428122205/http://www.statehousekenya.go.ke/presidents/kibaki/kibaki-profile.pdf |date=2014-04-28 }}
* [http://www.statehousekenya.go.ke/presidents/kibaki/profile.htm Profil Presiden Mwai Kibaki] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090611125620/http://www.statehousekenya.go.ke/presidents/kibaki/profile.htm |date=2009-06-11 }}
* [http://www.africanreviewofbooks.com/Reviews/mbugua.html Review of ''Mwai Kibaki: Economist for Kenya'' by Ng'ang'a Mbugua] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060520032149/http://www.africanreviewofbooks.com/Reviews/mbugua.html |date=2006-05-20 }}
* [http://www.mzalendo.com/Members.Details.php?ID=20 Profil Parlemen Presiden Mwai Kibaki] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080508232657/http://www.mzalendo.com/Members.Details.php?ID=20 |date=2008-05-08 }}
 
{{start box}}
{{s-off}}
{{succession box|title=[[Wakil Presiden Kenya]]|before=[[Daniel arap Moi]]|after=[[Josephat Njuguna Karanja]]|years=[[1978]]–[[1988]]}}▼
{{succession box | title=[[Wakil Presiden Kenya]] | before=[[Daniel arap Moi]] | after=''SedangJosephat Menjabat''Njuguna Karanja| years=[[2002]]–Sekarang1978–1988}}
▲{{succession box |title=[[Wakil Presiden Kenya]] |before=[[Daniel arap Moi]] |after=[[JosephatUhuru Njuguna KaranjaKenyatta]]|years=[[1978]]–[[1988]]2002–2013}}
{{end box}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kibaki, Mwai}}▼
 
== Referensi ==
 
{{reflist}}
 
▲{{DEFAULTSORT:Kibaki, Mwai}}
[[Kategori:Kelahiran 1931]]
[[Kategori:Presiden Kenya]]
[[Kategori:Tokoh Kikuyu]]
 
[[ar:مواي كيباكي]]
[[bg:Мваи Кибаки]]
[[br:Mwai Kibaki]]
[[cs:Mwai Kibaki]]
[[da:Mwai Kibaki]]
[[de:Mwai Kibaki]]
[[el:Μουάι Κιμπάκι]]
[[en:Mwai Kibaki]]
[[es:Mwai Kibaki]]
[[et:Mwai Kibaki]]
[[fi:Mwai Kibaki]]
[[fr:Mwai Kibaki]]
[[gl:Mwai Kibaki]]
[[he:מוואי קיבאקי]]
[[hu:Mwai Kibaki]]
[[io:Mwai Kibaki]]
[[it:Mwai Kibaki]]
[[ja:ムワイ・キバキ]]
[[ka:მვაი კიბაკი]]
[[mr:म्वाई किबाकी]]
[[nds:Mwai Emilio Stanley Kibaki]]
[[nl:Mwai Kibaki]]
[[no:Mwai Kibaki]]
[[oc:Mwai Kibaki]]
[[pl:Mwai Kibaki]]
[[pt:Mwai Kibaki]]
[[ru:Кибаки, Мваи]]
[[simple:Mwai Kibaki]]
[[sv:Mwai Kibaki]]
[[sw:Mwai Kibaki]]
[[th:มไว คีบาคี]]
[[vec:Mwai Kibaki]]
[[vi:Mwai Kibaki]]
[[yo:Mwai Kibaki]]
[[zh:姆瓦伊·齐贝吉]]
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Mwai_Kibaki"